CN102863975B - Device and method for carbonizing straw - Google Patents
Device and method for carbonizing straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN102863975B CN102863975B CN2012102677718A CN201210267771A CN102863975B CN 102863975 B CN102863975 B CN 102863975B CN 2012102677718 A CN2012102677718 A CN 2012102677718A CN 201210267771 A CN201210267771 A CN 201210267771A CN 102863975 B CN102863975 B CN 102863975B
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- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for carbonizing straw. The device comprises a tunnel kiln type carbonizing furnace body, a heating unit, a smoke dust collecting treatment unit, sintering material boxes and a rail type material carrying cart, wherein the sintering material boxes are arranged in the rail type material carrying cart; the heating unit comprises flame guns, a gas pipeline and a combustion-supporting gas pipeline which are arranged in a hearth; straw devices are arranged in the sintering material boxes in the material carrying cart and are moved to the carbonizing furnace body; after the carbonizing furnace body is closed, gas and combustion-supporting gas are supplied to the flame guns by the gas pipeline and the combustion-supporting gas pipeline in the heating unit, and the flame guns spray flame to heat the hearth; and after the temperature of the hearth is raised to 480 to 550 DEG C and is kept for 5 to 8 hours, the hearth is cooled. According to the carbonizing device, biological straw resources are utilized, and the carbonizing device has the advantages of high carbonizing ratio, low carbon discharge amount, full utilization of resources, high carbonizing efficiency, low energy consumption and the like; and the method for carbonizing the straw is simple in process and environment-friendly and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the straw charring technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method of straw carbonizing apparatus and straw charring.
Background technology
In view of fossil oil (coal, oil and natural gas) resource be on the verge of tangerine exhaust with the combustion of fossil fuel process in CO
2excessive emissions, on the impact of Global climate change, it should be noted that the utilization of renewable energy source material (various crop kernels, stalk, residue, timber etc.).Attempt biomass (Biomass) material is carried out to bio-transformation (as biogas) and thermochemistry conversion, common name pyrolysis (Pyrolysis), produce renewable and clean energy resource.Biomaterial can produce the product of solid, gas, three kinds of forms of liquid by pyrolysis.According to purpose, control pyrolytical condition, can obtain the main products needed.From the energy development angle, to be converted into inflammable gas to biomaterial exactly, as CO, H
2, methane, ethane and propane etc.Within 1997, in the U.S., built up the biomaterial factory (Basu, 2010) of gasifying for the first in the world business.Solid product is biological black wood charcoal (Biochar).2007, Lehmann after Nature has delivered biological black wood charcoal (Biochar) to join soil for CO
2have and increase remittance (Sink) reduction of discharging effect, also have research report to point out, black wood charcoal is for improvement soil property (Liang etc., 2006), transformation of soil nitrogen and migration exert an influence (Clough and Condron, 2010).Therefore, biological black wood charcoal has received increasing concern; These function and efficacies of black wood charcoal have obtained understanding and application.And China is world agriculture big country, paddy rice, wheat, corn are Chinese Three major grain crops, comprise that other crop will produce approximately 600,000,000 tons of stalks every year.Under present circumstances, at Chinese straw-returning and very little as the ratio of life fuel, in developed area, ratio is less.The way of processing at present is on-site incineration, and this not only affects traffic and shipping, and charcoal fine particle (PM2.5) sucked unhealthful by the people, brings out cancer when serious.To this, though prohibiting, government's explicit order burns, disregard prohibitions, there is no so far good plan.
The ultimate principle of black wood charcoal production is under oxygen free condition, and biomaterial (Biomass) is introduced in pyrolysis container and added hot baked (torrefaction) and pyrolysis (Pyrolysis).Basu (2010) points out, curing is also a kind of pyrolysis form.The current black wood charcoal for scientific experimentation generally has the miniature carbonizing apparatus in laboratory as retort furnace, prepared by high-temperature electric resistance furnace.In fact, in the future as black wood charcoal is applied to field, just must need to be applicable to the process technology equipment of scale operation, and should to take the reproducible green bio energy be heating source, to meet the requirement of environmental protection, low consumption.
The equipment of U.S. Amazon company based on the dry large-scale production black wood charcoal that slips principle (Drydistillation) design that had the people to introduce in the black wood charcoal research and development of holding in Nanjing of China recently and the international symposium of application.Yet the scope of related biomaterial, just bagasse, cotton branches and leaves, domestic sludge, animal excrements and feedlot waste etc., do not relate to paddy and wheat and seeding corn and other crops stalk.Because the stalk of these crops, without processing treatment, can't be sent into these materials in pyrolysis oven automatically by the spiral promotion device, this just is difficult to accomplish scale production.
The existing dry pyrolysis system energy to the biomaterial heating used that slips is all generally to realize with the gas of introducing the generation of biomaterial pyrolytic gasification self; but this need to consume large number of biological matter charcoal; the charing ratio is low and greatly increased the carbon emission amount; this produces for take the biomaterial pyrolysis that black wood charcoal is purpose; be not appropriate act, and be unfavorable for environment protection.The startup energy of blow-on for the first time inevitably will be with Sweet natural gas or other fossil oil, and at current energy growing tension, environmental protection pressure, under large form, this is also worthless.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind ofly can carry out charing utilization and the charing ratio is high, the carbon emission amount is low straw carbonizing apparatus to the different kind organism stalk resource, this device also have the utilization of resources fully, high, the low power consumption and other advantages of charing efficiency; Disclosed carbonization method for straws technique is simple, be suitable for large-scale production and environmentally friendly.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Design a kind of straw carbonizing apparatus, comprise tunnel-kiln type charing body of heater, heating unit, flue dust collecting processing unit, also be provided with the sintering hopper of tool certain air permeability with cover of some amount and the rail mounted material containing car be complementary with the burner hearth of described charing body of heater, described sintering hopper is placed in described rail mounted material containing car; Described heating unit comprises the flame gun that is laid in the charing burner hearth of the furnace body, the gas line that described flame gun and fuel gas source are communicated with, and combustion-supporting air pipe that described flame gun and combustion-supporting source of the gas are communicated with.
Described flue dust collecting processing unit comprises spray collector, collection sewage lagoon, and described spray collector comprises induced draft fan, spray column, the circulating water pool joined successively.
Tail end at described rail mounted material containing car is provided with the muffle firebreak, and its head end is provided with the fire door that the import with the charing body of heater is complementary.
Or/and be provided with viewing window on described fire door, be convenient to observe the hearth combustion situation at the sidewall of described charing body of heater.
Be provided with thermo detector or temperature sensor in the burner hearth of described charing body of heater, be convenient to temperature monitoring, control in burner hearth.
Described sintering hopper is made by heat conduction and resistant to elevated temperatures material; At the sidewall of described sintering hopper or/and be provided with breather hole or the ventilative slit of some amount on top cover, so that the sintering hopper has certain ventilation property, thereby burn utilization in the burner hearth that can make the interior inflammable gas produced of sintering hopper and tar can overflow to the sintering hopper.
Described fuel gas source comprises methane-generating pit, corresponding to the gas-holder of methane-generating pit.
Utilize above-mentioned straw carbonizing apparatus to carry out the method for straw charring, comprise the following steps:
(1) treat charing stalk compacting to filling up in the sintering hopper, then after the sintering hopper that will fill stalk is piled up in described rail mounted material containing car, again this rail mounted material containing car is proceeded in the burner hearth of described charing body of heater, and make to leave certain gap between sintering hopper and burner hearth wall;
(2) airtight charing body of heater, supply with combustion gas and combustion-supporting gas via the gas line in heating unit and combustion-supporting air pipe to described flame gun, and spray the combustion heating via described flame gun in burner hearth, insulation pyrolysis 5～8 hours after making in burner hearth to be warming up to 480～550 ℃, or make in burner hearth to be rapidly heated to insulation pyrolysis after 780～820 ℃ 2～4 hours;
(3) flue dust that the burner hearth internal combustion produces enters the flue dust collecting processing unit, is reclaimed tar, depositing dust purifying treatment, and vent gas treatment is up to standard rear emptying;
(4) under anoxia condition to after described sintering hopper forced cooling or naturally cooling.
In described step (2), regulate gradually and enter the gas flow in burner hearth in the heat temperature raising process, to take full advantage of stalk, cure, combustiblematerials CO, the H of the spontaneous generation of pyrolysis
2, methane, ethane, propane and tar makes fuel.
In described step (3), the tar after reclaiming is delivered in the burner hearth of charing body of heater to the utilization of burning.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1. Biological resources charing ratio is high, the carbon emission amount is low: stalk is contained in the sintering hopper of above-mentioned incomplete sealing (tool certain air permeability), during heating due to the moisture in case endogenous substance evaporation and cure the gas of generation and case in residual air expanded by heating between the material space, the case internal pressure is greater than burner hearth, therefore combustion gas and combustion-supporting gas can not proceed in the sintering hopper, but and then the stalk pyrolysis under oxygen free condition in guard box, thereby the charing ratio is high (as straw reaches 3: 1, straw reaches 3.5: 1, rice husk reaches 2.5: 1), the carbon emission amount greatly reduces.
2. strong adaptability: this carbonizing apparatus is applicable to all kinds of Biological resources of carrying out the charing utilization, treats the requirement of charing raw material non-selectivity.
3. the Biological resources utilization fully, charing efficiency is high, energy consumption is low: can take full advantage of all kinds of combustiblesubstances that the biomass pyrolyzing produces, prepared using is abundant, and utilising efficiency is high.
Carbonization method for straws technical process of the present invention simple, be suitable for large-scale production, production cost is low and environmentally friendly, is easy to popularize.
figure of description
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is a kind of straw carbonizing apparatus;
The scheme of installation of the flame gun that Fig. 2 is a kind of straw carbonizing apparatus;
The structural representation of the flue dust collecting processing unit that Fig. 3 is a kind of straw carbonizing apparatus.
In figure, 1 is the charing body of heater, 2 is the sintering hopper, 3 is rail mounted material containing car, 4 is the muffle firebreak, 5 is fire door, 6 is little viewing window, 7 is large observation window, 8 is spray column, 9 is combustion-supporting air pipe, 10, 11, 12 is combustion-supporting air pipe valve, 13, 14, 15 is flame gun, 16 is gas line, 17 is the gas line valve, 18 viewing windows that are the charring furnace body sidewall, 19 is thermometer hole, 20 is cyclic water tank, 21 is sewage draining exit, 22 is the collection sewage lagoon, 23 is induced draft fan, 24 is induced draft fan airshed valve, 25 is the oxygenation blower fan, 26 is gas flowmeter, 27 is gas pressure gage.
Embodiment
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Related structure and parts if no special instructions, are conventional structure or parts.
1 one kinds of straw carbonizing apparatus of embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1, Fig. 3, comprise tunnel-kiln type charing body of heater 1, heating unit, flue dust collecting processing unit, also be provided with the sintering hopper 2 of tool certain air permeability of some amount and the rail mounted material containing car 3 be complementary with the burner hearth of described charing body of heater 1, sintering hopper 2(is made by stainless material) be placed in described rail mounted material containing car 3; Described heating unit comprises the flame gun that is laid in the charing burner hearth of the furnace body, the gas line 16 that described flame gun and fuel gas source (methane-generating pit, gas-holder) are communicated with, and combustion-supporting air pipe 12 that described flame gun 13,14,15 and combustion-supporting source of the gas are communicated with; Described flue dust collecting processing unit comprises spray collector, collection sewage lagoon 22, and described spray collector comprises induced draft fan 23, spray column 8, the circulating water pool 20 joined successively; Tail end at rail mounted material containing car 3 is provided with muffle firebreak 4, and its head end is provided with the fire door 5 that the import with charing body of heater 1 is complementary; On fire door, 5 are provided with large observation window 7 and the little viewing window 6 of being convenient to observe the hearth combustion situation; Be provided with thermometer hole 19 on the sidewall of charing body of heater, be convenient to the temperature in thermometer monitoring burner hearth; Be provided with the breather hole of suitable number on the top cover of described sintering hopper, thereby burn utilization in the burner hearth that can make the interior inflammable gas produced of sintering hopper and tar can overflow to the sintering hopper.The design parameter of each parts is as follows:
(1) tunnel oven charing body of heater: outside body of heater adopts steel construction, and inboard wall of furnace body adopts refractory brick to be built into, and thermal insulation layer consists of the cotton heat insulating filler that waits of pyroceram; The burner hearth effective dimensions is 300 * 90 * 80cm;
(2) sintering hopper: by 304,316L high temperature resistant stainless steel, made, box sizes is 75 * 48 * 60cm, volume 0.216m
3; Fill compacting and can load 45 jin, a traditional unit of weight of straw, 35 jin, a traditional unit of weight of straws, 45 jin, a traditional unit of weight, rice husk paddy.Totally 10 of sintering hoppers, for two batches of chargings, delivered by rail mounted material containing car;
(3) combustion gas (biogas) that pyrolysis is used is by pipeline, and one is communicated with methane-generating pit, and other end is communicated with spray gun, and weather gage is housed between connecting tube, and the valve separated with biogas storage tank has been installed;
(4) fire box temperature observation: because being limited to funds, the continuous monitoring device of fire box temperature is not installed, but, by the aperture of body of heater blowing air, is inserted thermometer not timing observation.
(5) spray column of flue dust collecting processing unit is collected the non-flammable cigarette ash (particulate charcoal) of discharging and a small amount of tar fallen at the burner hearth unburn, filtering net is equipped with in the outlet of spray column, fine particle cigarette ash and tar enter sewage lagoon, tar can irregularly be collected and add burning again in stove, and spray-water is per hour 50 liters.
Utilize above-mentioned straw carbonizing apparatus to carry out the method for straw charring, comprise the following steps:
(1) treat charing stalk compacting to filling up in the sintering hopper, then after the sintering hopper that will fill stalk is piled up in described rail mounted material containing car, again this rail mounted material containing car is proceeded in the burner hearth of described charing body of heater, and make to leave certain gap between sintering hopper and burner hearth wall;
(2) airtight charing body of heater, supply with combustion gas and combustion-supporting gas via the gas line in heating unit and combustion-supporting air pipe to described flame gun, and spray the combustion heating via described flame gun in burner hearth, and after making in burner hearth to be warming up to 500 ± 20 ℃, the insulation pyrolysis is 7～8 hours; Regulate gradually and enter the gas flow in burner hearth in the heat temperature raising process, cure to take full advantage of stalk, combustiblematerials CO, the H of the spontaneous generation of pyrolysis
2, methane, ethane, propane and tar makes fuel; Take continuous pyrolysis as best, but fuel saving, saving of labor; During continuously carbonizing, when fire box temperature is down to 400 ℃, switching second batch charging box, can complete charing in 6 hours, and first charging box of taking-up, spray with cold water, makes it to be down to rapidly below 100 ℃, in order to avoid black wood charcoal spontaneous combustion in case; Switching, can complete charing in 5 hours for the third time; Can produce 3 batches of black wood charcoals in 24 hours.
(3) flue dust that the burner hearth internal combustion produces enters the flue dust collecting processing unit, is reclaimed tar, depositing dust purifying treatment, and vent gas treatment is up to standard rear emptying; Tar after reclaiming is delivered in the burner hearth of charing body of heater to the utilization of burning;
(4) under oxygen free condition to after described sintering hopper forced cooling or naturally cooling.
With 100,000 kilograms of stalks of year pyrolysis, utilizing said apparatus and explained hereafter 3300kg black wood charcoal is target.Produce the 800kg stalk per year with every mu of two season of rice wheat and calculate, by the straw carbonizing apparatus of this scale, can consume the stalk of 125 mu of farmland outputs every year.
Auxiliary construction 800m
3methane-generating pit and 600m
3gas-holder, a day gas supply capacity is 200m
3; 200 cubes of biogas can consume again 110,000 kilograms of stalks.Utilize stalk to produce biogas, not only consumed a large amount of stalks, and animal excrements, human excrement, the rural area solid life refuse can together drop into methane-generating pit, as gas exhausted material, thereby greatly improves life in the countryside and production environment.The stalk pyrolysis oven of this scale and production, for the biogas of pyrolysis, can consume the approximately above biological straw of 200,000 kg every year.
When temperature, during lower than 25 ℃, the waste heat that can utilize carbonizing apparatus to produce, by specially designed pipeline heating natural pond liquid, make the methane-generating pit temperature remain on 25～30 ℃, thereby greatly increase gas production rate.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a method of utilizing straw carbonizing apparatus to carry out straw charring, it is characterized in that, described straw carbonizing apparatus comprises tunnel-kiln type charing body of heater, heating unit, flue dust collecting processing unit, also be provided with the sintering hopper of some amount tool certain air permeability with cover and the rail mounted material containing car be complementary with the burner hearth of described charing body of heater, described sintering hopper is placed in described rail mounted material containing car; Described heating unit comprises the flame gun that is laid in the charing burner hearth of the furnace body, the gas line that described flame gun and fuel gas source are communicated with, and combustion-supporting air pipe that described flame gun and combustion-supporting source of the gas are communicated with;
Carbonization method for straws comprises the following steps:
(1) treat charing stalk compacting to filling up in the sintering hopper, close the lid, then after the sintering hopper that will fill stalk is piled up in described rail mounted material containing car, again this rail mounted material containing car is proceeded in the burner hearth of described charing body of heater, and make to leave certain gap between sintering hopper and burner hearth wall;
(2) airtight charing body of heater, supply with combustion gas and combustion-supporting gas via the gas line in heating unit and combustion-supporting air pipe to described flame gun, and spray the combustion heating via described flame gun in burner hearth, insulation pyrolysis 5～8 hours after making in burner hearth to be warming up to 480～550 ℃, or make in burner hearth to be rapidly heated to insulation pyrolysis after 780～820 ℃ 2～4 hours;
(3) a small amount of flue dust that the burner hearth internal combustion produces enters the flue dust collecting processing unit, is reclaimed tar, depositing dust purifying treatment, and vent gas treatment is up to standard rear emptying;
(4) under anoxia condition to after described sintering hopper forced cooling or naturally cooling.
2. the method for straw charring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described flue dust collecting processing unit comprises spray collector, collection sewage lagoon, and described spray collector comprises induced draft fan, spray column, the circulating water pool joined successively.
3. the method for straw charring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, at the tail end of described rail mounted material containing car, is provided with the muffle firebreak, and its head end is provided with the fire door that the import with the charing body of heater is complementary.
4. the method for straw charring according to claim 3, is characterized in that, at the sidewall of described charing body of heater or/and be provided with viewing window on described fire door.
5. the method for straw charring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with thermo detector or temperature sensor in the burner hearth of described charing body of heater.
6. the method for straw charring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described sintering hopper and lid thereof are made by heat conduction and resistant to elevated temperatures material; At the sidewall of described sintering hopper or/and be provided with breather hole or the ventilative slit of some amount on top cover.
7. the method for straw charring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fuel gas source comprises methane-generating pit, corresponding to the gas-holder of methane-generating pit.
8. the method for straw charring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), in the heat temperature raising process, regulates and enter the gas flow in burner hearth gradually, to take full advantage of stalk, cures, combustiblematerials CO, the H of the spontaneous generation of pyrolysis
2, methane, ethane, propane and tar makes fuel.
9. the method for straw charring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), the tar after reclaiming delivered in the burner hearth of charing body of heater to the utilization of burning.
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| CN2012102677718A CN102863975B (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | Device and method for carbonizing straw |
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| CN2012102677718A CN102863975B (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | Device and method for carbonizing straw |
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