JP4123378B2 - Charcoal kiln and charcoal baking method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a charcoal kiln in which a charcoal material is packed in a container, carried by a forklift and fired with the container.

JP-A-6-277776 JP2000-44963 "Introduction to Charcoal Grill Master", written by Sadayoshi Kishimoto and Ginji Sugiura, Comprehensive Science Publishing Co., Ltd. 3-2 Kanda Ogawamachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Sugiura Ginji and Furuya Kazuyoshi "Charcoal Hayomigaru" 1-9-13 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Sankaidou Building 9th Floor, National Forestry Improvement Association

  Charcoal kilns that burn wood and bamboo have small types of modified kilns, or hole kilns, earthen kilns, and various kilns, but there are many types of kilns that are used as the main business. The new kiln has a stainless steel four-stage assembly type coal recovery type 200 kg forest trial type transfer kiln. There is also a moving kiln with an iron plate cart. A company in Niigata Prefecture produces and sells a 150-kg charcoal kiln. Although all are metal kilns, a large number of kilns must be installed in order to produce them on a small scale and for mass production. Currently, more than 90% of the country uses earthen kilns made of clay and stone. There are about 20 types of clay kilns in the country, but all of these clay kilns are large and small, and typical kilns are still used today at Yana and Kiura.

  Yana and Kiura are the same, but they will be explained as earthen kilns. The earthen kiln is made of earth and stone, and the wall of the kiln is made into an egg shape. The wall of the kiln is 50cm thick and the height is 90cm. A smoke outlet is installed at the bottom center of the back, a flue is attached, a chimney is built, an egg-shaped kiln body is made, charcoal is placed in the egg-shaped kiln body, and the kiln is further packed. A small short charcoal material is piled up horizontally and raised in a curved shape on top of the finished charcoal material, and the soil is raised and hardened by hammering it with a wooden mallet. The kiln is remodeled to the entrance, the combustion chamber, and the entrance. At the end of the kiln, fire is started at the entrance, and when burning with a large fire, the charcoal is ignited and burns, so it burns for about 140 hours. Cooling takes 90h-100h and it is difficult to produce 3 kilns per month. The amount of coal produced in this kiln is 1 to 15 kg and 30 to 35 kg. Larger kilns do not produce good quality charcoal and the rate of coal production is low. It is.

  In addition, this kiln has one combustion port, one combustion chamber, one through-hole, and one smoke outlet, and the height inside the kiln is around 120 cm in the center. The inside work is done with one leg's knees attached to the kiln floor. The kiln is also packed with charcoal one by one by the workers outside the kiln, and two people need one day for the kiln filling. .

  As mentioned above, the kiln is made of earth and stone, and the kiln body expands each time the kiln is fired, and shrinks when cooled, causing cracks in the kiln body. It is rubbed with a hanging rope, crushed and kneaded with clay to prevent the infiltration of air and to prevent the ashing of charcoal. Look around every day until the kiln is opened and crush. If you build a large kiln, the larger the kiln, the more cracks and the more difficult it will be to manage.

  The flow of firewood in this kiln passes through the ceiling, the middle and bottom of the kiln are heated by conduction and radiant heat, the lower part is difficult to rise in temperature, and the charcoal holds 60% of sap moisture. Moisture diffuses and condenses, and sap accumulates at the bottom of the kiln. A large amount of heat is consumed to dissipate this moisture out of the kiln, and the lower charcoal for that purpose is difficult to burn. The temperature difference between the upper and lower temperatures when the kiln is stopped is about 300 ° C. The charcoal material at the bottom of the kiln is made of uncarbonized defective charcoal and often has to be baked twice.

  The size of this charcoal kiln is about 450 kg. Larger kilns become more oxidative during cooling as they become larger, resulting in more ashing and bad charcoal. In conventional kilns, the kiln body has low confidentiality, and the pressure inside the kiln fell when the kiln was cooled down, and the outside air was sucked in and oxidized, and light charcoal with no luster and ashed, and things that would not become commodities appeared. To date, there was no decisive method for preventing the oxidation of charcoal kilns, and it was only enough to rub the kiln cracks and rub them with a rope.

  In the case of a conventional kiln, the temperature of the carbonization chamber at the time of firing is the highest temperature in the vicinity of the front of the through hole through which the soot vents from the combustion chamber. In the vicinity of the stack, the wood remains dry without reaching the carbonization temperature. The distance from the vent to the smoke vent is 3m, and if the charcoal near the smoke vent is reached to a temperature at which it can be carbonized, the fire should be applied to the charcoal near the vent and the ceiling for a long time. As a result, the charcoal is incinerated. If it is made to avoid ashing, uncarbonized bad coal will increase.

  The method of collecting wood and bamboo vinegar is also to use a cooling tube as a bamboo tube, as a sampling tube, or attach a stainless steel chimney or earth pipe to the upper part of the chimney by connecting it to a length of about 10 m and making it inclined. Collecting.

  The conventional charcoal kiln production volume is 15kg 俵 and 30-35 俵 production kiln. Also, it takes about 6 days for firing from the beginning of firing to the end of the kiln, and it takes about 4 days for cooling and 1 day for filling the kiln. It is difficult to bake 3 kilns a month. The above kilns are 30kg or 40mm, and each has a throat, a combustion chamber, a throat, and a smoke outlet. Smoke burned in a small combustion chamber passes through the throat. It enters the carbonization chamber, reaches the smoke outlet, and is discarded through the chimney. There is a distance of 300 cm from the vent hole to the smoke outlet, and the kiln width is 250 cm. In addition, the firewood that has come out of one through-hole does not spread to every corner in the shape of the kiln and tries to go straight to the smoke-exhaust opening. It is made small and heated with radiant heat or conduction heat. In addition, if a large fire is burned in the combustion chamber, the charcoal material near the through-hole burns and ashes, and it takes a long time for firing and requires advanced technology.

  Furthermore, the above kiln has a kiln wall and a pressure of 50 cm, and the ceiling is about 30 cm thick, and a thick kiln is made of stone or earth. Consumes a large amount of fuel and wastes labor for a long time. Furthermore, a kiln made of earth or stone expands each time it burns, and shrinks when cooled, so that the kiln is cracked and management after stopping is not easy.

  Further, in this kiln, the carbonaceous material being fired contains about 60% of water, and moisture is diffused by heating and dewed and accumulates at the bottom of the kiln, and the carbonaceous material at the bottom of the kiln becomes an uncarbonized defective material. The structure of the kiln also has a kiln structure that has a ridge around the ceiling and is difficult to turn to the bottom of the kiln. If the charcoal material near the kiln floor, which has a temperature difference of 300 ° C between the ceiling and the floor when the kiln is stopped, is burned sufficiently, the upper charcoal material will be incinerated.

  Furthermore, this kiln has a small entrance and a low ceiling, so it cannot stand in and out, and the work of leaving the kiln is crouched down. Carrying one piece of charcoal by hand and stuffing the kiln When the kiln stuffing is completed, the entrance and exit are made of earth and brick, and a burning chamber, a combustion chamber and a throat are made, and burning is done. It took a lot of labor to break down the combustion chamber and pier and remodel it into the entrance.

Means to solve the problem

  A kiln bottom skin is installed using an iron plate or a stainless steel plate, and the kiln wall skin is attached to the upper surface of the kiln bottom skin in a U-shape. Fix the bearing base of the door to the upper part of the entrance and exit, and attach the bearing to the upper part of the base. Attach a bearing to the center part of the door arm, align the arm bearing to the bearing on the upper part of the bearing stand, insert the balance shaft into a balance, and attach the door arm to the lower surface of the lower end of the door arm Attach the bearing and attach the presser foot edge to the four edges of the door skin, and then attach the bearing to the center of the door skin, align the door bearing and the bearing attached to the tip of the door armrest, and insert the shaft. Attach a cotton refractory to the inner surface of the door outer plate, attach a rotation stopper to prevent the door from rotating, and slightly lighter than the door weight on the opposite end of the door arm metal door. Attach a weight, attach a kite to the lower side of the weight, and attach a motor winch to the outer plate on the opposite side of the entrance and exit. The door can be opened and closed by electric operation. Next, attach grooves to the four sides of the outer plate of the entrance and exit, attach a clamp to the four sides of the outer plate of the groove, push the heat-resistant packing into the groove, start the motor winch, the door will close, and the door clamp will close. Then, the fastening brackets were tightened with the fastening brackets, the packing and the presser rim were in close contact, the doorway for loading and unloading the charcoal with the power car, and the door of the balance that was opened and closed by the power were attached.

  At the front part of the kiln, the number of sheds according to the size of the kiln is attached, and further, the outer plate of the rear part of the kiln is constructed with an iron plate and the outer plate of the smoke collecting chamber is constructed to a full width of the kiln. A smoke chamber is built and a smoke exhaust port is provided in the kiln wall between the smoke collection chamber and the carbonization chamber, and a large number of smoke exhaust ports are provided at a ratio of approximately 3 to the number of one shed. It became. Next, using fire-resistant bricks at the bottom of the kiln, the burning compartment wall is directed from the shed to the smoke outlet and several strips are constructed according to the shed, and a girder brick is passed to the upper surface between the combustion compartment wall and the combustion compartment wall. Between the bricks and the girder bricks, a fire distribution port is provided, and the one near the fire breeze is narrow and the one near the smoke exhaust is widened. The underfloor combustion chamber, the upper surface is the carbonization chamber. In addition, a three-dimensional compartment wall is stacked on the upper surface of the combustion compartment wall at the front of the kiln, and firewood winds are stacked at the same time. A three-dimensional combustion chamber is built, a ceiling-facing distribution port is provided at the top of the three-dimensional combustion chamber, so that soot can flow into the ceiling, and the soot is on the floor, side, and ceiling surface in the carbonization chamber The temperature flowing into the distribution port and close to the burner, where the temperature is high, make the distribution port narrower and wider as it gets farther from the burner, adjusting the flow inflow through the distribution port, and entering the carbonization chamber The heating temperature on the top, bottom, left and right of the charcoal contained in the container was made uniform.

  At the time of firing, the damper is attached to the chimney, the smoke is adjusted with the dumbbell and fired. After the firing, the chimney exhaust cover is covered with the chimney lid and tightened with the fastening bracket. Furthermore, push the open / close grip hand of the tambar, screw the cab, seal the kiln and perform the kiln stop operation, then open the open / close valve of the vent pipe during cooling and let the hot gas in the kiln flow into the cooling pipe, The gas is cooled and reaches the top of the chimney, descends while being cooled in the chimney, accumulates in the flue and smoke collection chamber, passes through the smoke outlet, reaches the bottom of the kiln, further rises in the kiln, repeats circulation, and cools. A charcoal kiln that serves as a kiln flue gas device during combustion and a high-temperature gas cooling device during cooling after the kiln is stopped.

  Using heat-resistant metal, make a rectangular frame with square pipes into which forklift arms are inserted, attach wall frames on both sides, and install girders on the top of both left and right wall frames. In addition, a metal mesh is attached to the upper surface of the underframe, braces are attached to the corners of the front and rear spaces to reinforce the container, charcoal is packed from between the braces, and the container is carried into the carbonization chamber using a forklift. A container for carbonization in which the container is fired together with the container while the material is contained.

  A water tank is installed on the ceiling plate of the kiln, and a cooling pipe with both ends bent upward at a right angle is installed in the water tank, and a vent pipe with an open / close valve is used to One side of the kiln wall and one of the cooling pipes are connected, and one side of the cooling pipe is connected to the upper part of the chimney with an exhaust pipe so that the high temperature gas of the kiln passes through the cooling canister and reaches the upper part of the chimney. Water is poured into the water tank at the start of cooling after firing in the kiln, the open / close valve of the vent pipe is opened, the hot gas in the kiln is raised and flows into the cooling pipe, and heat is exchanged with the water in the water tank in the cooling pipe. The hot gas is cooled and flows into the upper part of the chimney through the exhaust pipe, cools while descending in the chimney, passes through the flue, fills the smoke collection chamber, diffuses through the smoke exhaust and diffuses throughout the carbonization chamber, and carbonizes again. Raise the room and repeat circulation to cool. A cooling method for convection circulation in which high-temperature gas is led out of the kiln, cooled by a cooling pipe in a water tank, further lowered while being cooled in a chimney, reentered into the carbonization chamber, and repeatedly raised and cooled in the carbonization chamber.

  Install a water tank near the chimney, place both ends of the cooling cylinder outside the water tank in the water tank, attach a cooling cylinder, attach a rotatable smoke collection cylinder to the chimney side, and install a condensation cylinder with a condensation wire mesh on the opposite side. A wind and rain prevention cylinder is attached at the top and a liquid tank is attached at the bottom, and smoke during combustion in the kiln is vented through the cooling cylinder and cooled in the water tank. A device for collecting pyroligneous acid that drops into the liquid tank as water droplets.

  A nitrogen gas cylinder is attached to the outside of the charcoal kiln and connected to the charcoal kiln so that it can be ventilated. After the kiln is stopped, the temperature inside the kiln decreases, the gas inside the kiln shrinks, the internal pressure drops, and nitrogen gas is supplied to prevent the outside air from being sucked and oxidized. It was injected little by little to prevent the oxidation of charcoal.

The invention's effect

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained. The charcoal kiln of the present invention is constructed by using a metal plate, a heat-insulating refractory brick, and a cotton-like heat-insulating refractory, and a large number of sheds and smoke outlets are provided according to the size of the kiln. In the charcoal chamber, the average soot from the three sides of the floor, side, and ceiling is entered at the same time. Even in a large kiln, the fire is uniform and there is no unburned uncharted coal. The larger the kiln, the larger the kiln, smoke outlet, and combustion chamber, and the larger kiln could be built.

  The kiln is made of iron plate and the inside is made of heat-insulating refractory, so that the thick kiln walls and ceiling are not burned and the burning time is short. The kiln body expands and contracts due to heating and does not crack, and can be easily managed after being stopped. The entrance / exit is the same size as the carbonization chamber, and it is possible to carry in / out with a forklift. The door can also be opened and closed with power and the work efficiency is improved.

  Using a heat-resistant container, the charcoal material is packed in the container outside the kiln and brought into the carbonization chamber using a forklift. The container is heated and baked with the charcoal in it, and it is carried out by the forklift when the kiln is opened. Work time has also been shortened, and more advanced kiln packing techniques are no longer required.

  The soot is sent to the floor, side, and ceiling of the carbonization chamber through the distribution port of the underfloor combustion chamber and the three-dimensional combustion chamber. The far side is wider, the near side is narrower, and the far side and near side are averaged simultaneously. The temperature of the carbonization chamber can be burned without much difference between the ceiling and the floor, and high-temperature soot can be burned evenly up and down without directly hitting the carbonaceous material and not ashing. Even in a 500-600 kg coal-fired kiln, uniform charcoal is produced faster and with a higher burned charcoal yield than a 30-35 kg conventional earth kiln.

  After the kiln is stopped, the high temperature gas in the kiln is led out of the kiln and the gas cooling pipe is vented to cool it. Then, it is led into the chimney and lowered in the chimney, enters the flue, enters the kiln again, and circulates repeatedly. By introducing a high-temperature gas into the furnace and cooling it, the cooling inside the kiln was accelerated and the rotation rate of the kiln was improved.

  By injecting nitrogen gas into the kiln during cooling after kiln shutting, the high temperature gas in the kiln shrinks and does not oxidize even if a little outside air is sucked in. Oxidation or ashing by injecting nitrogen even in a large kiln This makes it possible to prevent kilns from being easily fired.

  As described above, as a result of various improvements, the yield of charcoal can be increased by 22-25%, high quality charcoal can be produced in large quantities, labor can be saved, and firing can be performed in a short time.

  The collection of pyroligneous acid liquid also cools the flue gas from the kiln through the cooling cylinder in the water tank, rises further, contacts the condensation metal net in the condensation cylinder, condenses and flows down as water droplets, accumulates in the liquid tank, and is larger than the conventional method. Collection became possible.

  An iron plate is used to mount the kiln bottom outer plate 1 on the kiln bottom outer plate 1, and a U-shaped kiln wall outer plate 2, one of which serves as an entrance / exit 4, is formed on the kiln wall outer plate 2. A box-shaped kiln skin is built on top. Furthermore, the number of sheds 13 corresponding to the size of the kiln is attached to the lower part of the kiln wall at the front of the kiln, and burners 15 that can be sealed when the kiln is stopped are fixed to the sheds 13. A groove 88 is attached to each of the four outer surfaces, and a heat-resistant packing 87 is pushed into the groove. The fastening metal fitting 41 is attached to the four sides around the groove 88, and the door 19 is placed so that it can be fastened when the door is closed.

  A plurality of bearing bases 60 with bearings 8 attached to the upper surface of the entrance / exit 4 of the kiln are fixed. The bearings 8 are attached to the middle part of the door arm 9 and the bearings 8 of the door arm 9 and the bearing base 60 are attached. The combination balance shaft 10 is inserted, the door arm 9 is attached, the door bearing 21 is attached to the tip of the door arm 9, the door bearing 21 is further attached to the center of the outer surface of the door outer plate 16, and the door bearing of the door outer plate 16 is attached. 21 and the door bearing 21 of the door arm metal 9 are combined, the shaft 17 is inserted, the door outer plate 16 is attached, the presser edge metal 43 is attached to the four edges of the door outer plate 16, and the fastening bracket 42 is placed around the periphery. When the door is closed, the presser edge 48 presses the packing 87 in the groove 88, and the fastening bracket 41 is fitted into the fastening receiving bracket 42 so that it can be tightened. Further, the rotation stopper is provided so that the door 19 does not rotate. 39, door Forming the advance door 19 is stopped in the heat bolt 12 affixed to fluffy refractory 40 to the inner surface of the plate 16. Next, an iron weight 22 is fixed to the end of the door arm 9 opposite to the door 19 attachment, and a bar 34 is attached to the lower portion to form a balance. Further, a motor is attached to the outer wall on the opposite side of the kiln entrance 4. A winch 25 is attached, and a plurality of guide wheels 24 are mounted on the ceiling outer plate 3. The wire 23 of the motor winch 25 is passed through the guide wheel 24 and connected to the eaves 34 so that the door 19 can be opened and closed by blinking the switch of the motor winch 25. deep.

  The heat insulation brick is spread over the entire surface of the top surface of the kiln bottom outer plate 1 to make the heat insulation kiln bottom 20, and the heat insulation brick is stacked on the inner surface of the three sides of the kiln wall outer plate 2 to construct the heat insulation kiln wall 6 and further in a cotton-like fireproof An object 40 is attached to the ceiling, and heat-resistant bolts 12 are used to make a heat-insulating kiln ceiling 11.

  A smoke collection chamber 28 is provided at the rear of the kiln with an external iron plate and an internal refractory brick. The smoke collection chamber 28 is provided in a full width of the kiln. A smoke exhaust port 30 is provided at the lower part of the kiln wall 6 between the smoke collection chamber 28 and the carbonization chamber 29. In the ratio of about 3 pieces, it is provided throughout the kiln width so that smoke can be passed, so that the soot in the carbonization chamber 29 flows through the entire kiln width, flows into the smoke exhaust port 30 as it is, and can be collected in the smoke collection chamber 28. Keep it. Next, the combustion partition wall 27 is constructed between the shed 13 and the shed 13 by using a refractory brick from the heat insulating kiln wall 6 at the front of the kiln to the heat insulating kiln wall 6 at the rear. Passing the girder brick 31 on the upper surface, the space between the girder brick 31 and the girder brick is narrower near the fire breeze wind 36 and narrower near the smoke exhaust port 30, and the spar distribution port 32 is provided to arrange the girder bricks 31 and the kiln floor 33, the lower surface of the girder brick 31 is the underfloor combustion chamber 26, the upper surface is the carbonization chamber 29, and the three-dimensional combustion partition wall 78 is stacked on the upper surface of the combustion partition wall 27 at the front of the kiln simultaneously with the fire wind 36. The upper part of the carbonization chamber 29 is stacked up to the seventh minute of the height of the carbonization chamber 29 and the upper part of the upper part is provided with the upper side of the upper part of the upper part. The soot can rise, and the soot is in the carbonization chamber 29 during combustion. At the same time, a large amount of soot flows into the inner part of the carbonization chamber 29 at a place where hot soot close to the spout 13 is in contact with the surface, and the hot spout close to the spout 13 is narrowed without burning the charcoal. Keep inflow.

  A chimney 46 is built outside the rear portion of the charcoal kiln 45, and clamps 41 are attached to both sides of the tip of the chimney 46, a clamp bracket 42 is attached to the chimney lid 47 on both sides, and a circular groove 88 is formed on the inner surface of the chimney lid 47. The heat-resistant circular packing 44 is pushed in, the circular packing 44 is aligned with the chimney exhaust port 64 when the kiln is stopped, and the fastening fittings 41 are fitted into the fastening receptacles 42 on both sides of the chimney lid 47, and the fastening fitting 42 To be sealed.

  The chimney 46 and the central portion of the smoke collection chamber 28 are connected by a flue 90 so that ventilation is possible. Next, a damper 48 with an open / close grip hand 49 is prepared, a nipple is attached to the outer side of the chimney 46, and the open / close grip hand 49 is inserted into the handle entrance 50 to attach the damper 48 to the chimney 62. At the time of closing, it is attached so that the front end of the open / close grip hand 49 can be gripped out of the hand grip entrance 50, and a threaded cap 51 is screwed into the hand grip entrance 50 so that it can be sealed.

  A water tank 52 is installed above the ceiling outer plate 3 of the kiln and a water valve 57 is piped to allow water injection. A cooling pipe 53 with both ends facing upward is installed in the bottom of the water tank 52. Further, the upper part of the carbonization chamber 29 and the cooling pipe 53 are connected by a vent pipe 54 with an on-off valve 55, and the upper part of the chimney 46 and the cooling pipe 53 are connected by using an exhaust pipe 56, so that cooling after the kiln is stopped. When the on-off valve 55 is opened at times, the high temperature gas in the kiln passes through the vent pipe 54 and flows into the cooling pipe 53, is cooled in the pipe, passes through the exhaust pipe 56, and can flow into the upper part of the chimney 46.

  Next, a description will be given of the container 69 in which the carbon material 70 is packed and fired. A rectangular frame 58 is made of a heat-resistant metal, and a square pipe 59 for inserting a forklift double arm is attached to both of the frame 58 in parallel. Further, a reinforcing beam 68 is attached to the frame 58 with a square pipe 59 and a square. Attach one in the middle of the pipe, and attach two girders 61 to the side. A fine wire mesh 65 is pasted on the upper surface of the underframe 58 so that small charcoal does not fall from the bottom of the container 69 to the floor of the carbonization chamber 29, and the underframe 58 is made by allowing the straw to ventilate. Both sides of the square pipe are holes 66 into which forklift arms are inserted. Three pillars on both sides of the frame 58 are attached to the building pillars to create a wall frame 63. Further, the girders 61 are attached to both upper ends of the wall frames 63 on both sides, and are straddled in the corners of the front and rear spaces. 67 is attached to make a reinforced container 69. A heat-resistant container 69 is prepared in which the charcoal material is packed in the container 69 outside the kiln and conveyed to the carbonization chamber 29 by a forklift, and the containers 69 are arranged and fired while the charcoal material 70 is contained.

  I will explain the wood vinegar collection device. FIG. 9 is a cross section of the apparatus. A cooling cylinder 72 attached with a rotating part 73 using a stainless steel plate is attached in a rectangular water tank 80 with both ends protruding outside the tank, and the rotating part 73 is attached to the rotating part 73 of the cooling cylinder 72. A condensate wire net 79 in which a circular wire net is attached in a ladder shape to one projecting portion of the cooling tube 72, which is mounted by combining the rotating part 73 of the cylindrical smoke collecting cylinder 81 so that it can be rotated by a quarter. The attached condensation tube 74 is attached in a zigzag shape, and a wind and rain prevention tube 75 is attached to the uppermost part. Further, a flow stop 82 of the pyroligneous acid solution is attached to the right corner of the cooling tube 72, and further below the water tank 80. A liquid tank 83 is installed on the ground, and the liquid tank 83 and the cooling cylinder 72 are connected by a liquid pipe 77 so that liquid can be passed. Further, a cooling water valve 76 is piped on the upper part of the water tank 80 for water injection. During combustion, chimney exhaust When the temperature of 4 reaches around 75 ° C., the smoke collecting cylinder 81 is rotated and the trumpet-shaped smoke collecting port is rotated immediately above the chimney exhaust port 64 to start collecting the smoke. The smoke collected is cooled by the cooling cylinder 72 and is condensed. At 74, the structure contacts with the dew metal mesh 79, dewed and falls as water droplets, passes through the liquid pipe 77, and accumulates in the liquid tank 83.

  A nitrogen cylinder 5 is attached outside the kiln, and the pipe is connected to the kiln. Further, a U-shaped manometer 89 is attached and attached to the kiln wall so as to measure the pressure in the kiln. Further, a thermometer 84 is installed on the kiln wall, and a thermocouple 85 is attached so that the temperature in the kiln can be measured.

  Next, the implementation procedure will be described. First, the charcoal materials 70 are sorted according to the type of material, and the hardwood is packed with the charcoal materials 70 classified as broad-leaved trees in the container 69, and a number of containers 69 corresponding to the size of the kiln are prepared. Then, the motor winch 25 is started, and the wire 23 is moved along the guide wheel 24 and the door arm 9 is pulled down and the door 19 is opened. Further, the forklift arm is inserted into the insertion hole 66 of the container 69 and lifted to start the forklift and bring the container 69 into the carbonization chamber 29. When the arrangement is completed, the wire 23 of the motor winch 25 is rewound, the door 19 is closed, the presser edge 43 of the door 19 is brought into intimate contact with the packing 87 of the groove 88, and the fastening fitting 41 is fitted into the fastening receiving fitting 42 and tightened for sealing. (See FIG. 5). Further, the opening / closing valve 55 is tightened, the chimney lid 47 is removed, the damper 48 is opened halfway, the burner 15 is ignited, and heating of the carbon material 70 is started. It is not necessary to use small firewood as in conventional kilns. Even if fired with a large amount of fire, the firewood is divided into an underfloor combustion chamber 26 and a three-dimensional combustion chamber 35 and further distributed at the firewood distribution port 32 for the charcoal of each container 69. The entire bowl is hit and heated. While looking at the thermometer 80, adjust the damper 48 and the burner 15 so that there is no significant difference between the upper and lower temperatures.

  Meanwhile, when the temperature of the smoke at the chimney exhaust port 64 reaches 75 ° C., the smoke collecting cylinder 81 is rotated, and a trumpet-shaped mouth is placed 30 cm directly above the chimney exhaust port 64 to start collecting wood vinegar. The smoke discharged from the chimney exhaust port 64 passes through the trumpet-shaped smoke collecting cylinder 81, enters the cooling cylinder 72, is cooled by the water in the water tank 80, enters the zigzag-shaped condensation cylinder 74, and contacts the condensation metal net 79. The water drops fall and collect in the tank 83. Further, when the temperature of the smoke at the chimney exhaust port 64 reaches 150 ° C., the smoke collecting cylinder 81 is rotated to end the collection.

  Further, while maintaining the temperature of 350 ° C., the operation continues for 25 hours, and when the above operation is completed, the damper 48 is gradually opened and hung up to about 3 hours and raised to 500 ° C. At this point, the gas on-off valve 7 of the gas pipe 37 is closed to stop combustion. Furthermore, the blower opening / closing valve 14 of the blower pipe 86 is opened widely, the wind is sent in, the damper 48 is fully opened, the ventilation is improved, the hydrocarbon gas in the kiln is self-combusted, and it is continuously burned for about 17 hours and burned at about 800 ° C. If it continues, the color of the smoke will change from dark black smoke to the color of tones and become more colorless. At that time, the blower opening / closing valve 14 is stopped, and then the cap 51 is screwed into the hand grip 50 and sealed, and the chimney is further sealed. The lid 47 is put on, tightened with the tightening metal fitting 41, sealed, and the kiln stopping operation is finished.

  10 hours after the kiln stop, the water supply valve 57 is opened and water is poured into the water tank 52, and the open / close valve 55 of the vent pipe 54 is opened to allow ventilation. The hot gas in the kiln rises, enters the gas cooling pipe 53 through the vent pipe 54, is cooled by the water in the water tank 52, passes through the exhaust pipe 56, reaches the upper part of the chimney 46, and is cooled while descending the chimney. It passes through the flue 90, further flows into the smoke collection chamber 28, flows through the smoke exhaust port 30 and flows into the underfloor combustion chamber 26, and fills the floor surface of the carbonization chamber 29 when it is filled, pushing up the hot gas from below. The hot gas passes through the vent pipe 54 and enters the cooling pipe 53 to be repeatedly circulated and cooled.

  By circulating and cooling as described above, the gas gas in the kiln shrinks with cooling, the pressure inside the kiln decreases to -pressure, and if outside air enters the kiln, trying to suck air from the gaps in the door 19 and the throat 13 The charcoal in the kiln is oxidized by contact with air, and light charcoal or ashed charcoal is produced. Thus, while looking at the U-shaped manometer 89, the cylinder open / close valve 91 is opened before and after the kiln pressure becomes negative pressure, and nitrogen gas is gradually fed into the kiln to prevent oxidation and to cool. When the room temperature reaches 100 ° C., the fastening bracket 41 of the door 19 is removed, the motor winch 25 is started, and the door 19 is opened. After the inside of the kiln has cooled, the container 69 is taken out using a forklift. When all the items are taken out, the charcoal material packed in the spare container 69 is brought in.

  Needless to say, the current state of mountain forests in Japan is imported. Cheap timber is imported from overseas, and domestic timber is not profitable and production has reached its peak. For a long time after being pushed by overseas production, the timber forests that have been planted with funds and labor have been left without being cut, pruned, or pruned. Left untouched. In addition, the planted pine forest, natural forest, and windbreak forest are now withered and rotted without being cut down by pine worms.

  Bamboo is no longer used in bamboo forests and has been widely used for construction, furniture, fishing rods, and many other things, but bamboo requires a lot of labor from cutting to product. Bamboo timber is no longer used instead of resin that can be made easily, and bamboo shoots are imported cheaply from overseas, no one sells bamboo shoots domestically, and bamboo shoots grow more and more and invade pine forests and cedar forests and are higher than pine, cedar and bamboo shoots The trees that have been planted are beginning to wither. Bamboo has less carbon dioxide absorption capacity than other plants, water retention capacity is less than other plants, trees with large carbon dioxide absorption capacity are withered, and bamboo forests with low carbon dioxide absorption capacity are bred more and more. Against the Kyoto Protocol, which plans to reduce carbon dioxide to prevent global warming. Roughing of timber forests, conifers, and hardwoods, where forests conserve water resources, is an urgent issue for environmental conservation.

  Japan's charcoal production was 2 million tons around 1955, the production in 2000 was 39,168 tons and 1/50 of the peak, import of charcoal in fiscal 2001 was 100,704t, 2.5 times the domestic production, and according to the Nihon Nogyo Shimbun May 4, 2013 issue, the charcoal from Iwate is 150 yen / kg, the imported coal is 80 yen, Domestic coal is being pushed by cheap imported coal, which costs 40 yen. 68% of the land in Japan is forested. Mountains throughout the country are forests that have passed the logging season, forests that have fallen dead, bamboo forests that have overgrown, simple materials that have been left alone in the mountains, There are a lot of scrap materials, scraps of sawmills, and many other materials. Before the war, charcoal was the second income after Yamamura rice. By using cheap and mass-produced charcoal kilns, it becomes a big industry again in Yamamura.

It is sectional drawing AA of a charcoal kiln. The half surface of the floor surface of the charcoal kiln is a plan view of the CC diagram. It is the figure seen from the front of the charcoal kiln The figure which stripped off one part of the door surface seen from the side It is an enlarged view of the section FF of one part of the door. Front view of containers filled with charcoal A view of the container from an angle View of the container frame from above It is sectional drawing of a wood vinegar liquid collection apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Kiln bottom outer plate 15 Burner 2 Kiln wall outer plate 16 Door outer plate 3 Ceiling outer plate 17 Axis 4 Entrance / exit 18 Arm metal bearing 5 Nitrogen cylinder 19 Door 6 Heat insulation kiln wall 20 Heat insulation kiln bottom 7 Gas on-off valve 21 Door bearing 8 Bearing DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 22 Weight 9 Door arm 23 Wire 10 Balance shaft 24 Guide wheel 11 Kiln ceiling 25 Motor winch 12 Heat-resistant bolt 26 Underfloor combustion chamber 13 Hook 27 Combustion partition wall 14 Blower shut-off valve 28 Smoke collection chamber 29 Carbonization chamber 65 Wire net 30 Smoke exit 66 Insertion hole 31 Girder brick 67 Brace 32 焔 Distribution port 68 Beam 33 Kiln floor 69 Container 34 ７０ 70 Charcoal material 35 Three-dimensional combustion chamber 71 Wood vinegar liquid collecting device 36 Fire flame 72 Cooling cylinder 37 Gas pipe 73 Rotating part 38 Distribution for ceiling Mouth 74 Condensation tube 39 Rotation stopper 75 Wind and rain prevention tube 40 Cotton-like refractory 76 Cooling water valve 41 Fastening fitting 77 Liquid pipe 42 Tightening Mounting bracket 78 Three-dimensional partition wall 43 Presser edge 79 Condensation wire net 44 Inner packing 80 Water tank 45 Charcoal kiln 81 Smoke collector 46 Chimney 82 Flow stop 47 Smoke lid 83 Liquid tank 48 Dunbar 84 Thermometer 49 Opening and closing hand grip 85 Thermocouple 50 Handgrip entrance / exit 86 Blow pipe 51 Cap 87 Packing 52 Water tank 88 Groove 53 Cooling pipe 89 U-shaped manometer 54 Ventilation pipe 90 Flue 55 Open / close valve 91 Cylinder open / close valve 56 Exhaust pipe 57 Water supply valve 58 Frame 59 Square pipe 60 Bearing base 61 Digit 62 Chimney outlet 63 Wall frame 64 Chimney exhaust

Claims (6)

  A U-shaped kiln body is made of an iron plate, an entrance (4) is provided on one open surface, a balance-like door arm (9) is attached to the upper part of the entrance (4), and a door arm (9) A door outer plate (16) is attached to the lower end of the door, a cotton-like refractory (40) is attached to the inner surface of the door outer plate (16), and holding edges (43) are attached to the four edges of the door outer plate (16). ), A clamp bracket (42) is attached to the outer surface of the holding edge metal (43), a door (19) is formed, and a weight (22) is attached to the opposite end of the door arm (9) to form a balance. The motor winch (25) is attached to the kiln wall outer plate (2) on the opposite side of the doorway (4), and the wire (23) of the motor winch (25) is connected to the rod (34) by electric operation. The door (19) can be opened and closed, and a groove (88) is attached to the outer plate of the doorway (4). The heat packing (87) is pushed in, and a fastening bracket (41) is attached around the groove (88). When the door is closed, the presser edge (43) of the door (19) of the door (19) is attached to the packing (87). In addition, fit the fastening bracket (41) into the clamping bracket (42), tighten and seal it, attach a sealable balance-like door, open and close it with the motor winch (25), and the power transporter comes in and out Possible charcoal kiln with large doorway and balance door.   A plurality of sheds (13) according to the size of the kiln are attached to the front kiln wall skin (2), and further, a smoke evacuation port (30) is placed at the lower part of the rear kiln wall (6) at a width of 1 kiln. More than twice the number of (13), and further, the combustion compartment wall (27) is stacked on the bottom of the heat insulating kiln (20) using firebrick, and the combustion compartment wall is stacked according to the number of sheds (13). (27), the girder brick (31) is passed over the upper surface of the combustion compartment wall (27) and the combustion compartment wall (27), and the fence distribution port (32) is placed between the girder brick (31) and the girder brick (31). The one near the shed (13) is narrow, the one near the smoke outlet (30) is widened, and the underside of the girder brick (31) is the carbonization chamber (29) above the underfloor combustion chamber (26). A kiln floor (33) with a mouth (32) is made, and a three-dimensional compartment wall (78) is stacked on the combustion compartment wall (27) at the front of the kiln simultaneously with the flame wind (36). The raising fire folding screen (36) is provided with a soot distribution port (32), and a soot distribution port (32) having a narrow lower portion close to the soot opening (13) and a wide upper portion is provided and stacked. ) To form a three-dimensional combustion chamber (35), and the gas ejected from the burner burns in the three-dimensional combustion chamber (35) and the underfloor combustion chamber (26), and the soot distribution port (32) for the floor, side and ceiling The charcoal kiln according to claim 1, in which soot having a temperature that does not differ greatly can flow at the same time in the inner part of the carbonization chamber (29), before the fire, at the top and at the bottom.   The soot that has flowed uniformly from the many throats (13) to the kiln width is uniformly evacuated as it is by the many smokers (30), and the soot flow in the carbonization chamber (29) is kept uniform. It collects in one smoke collection chamber (28), flows into the flue (90), then flows into the chimney (62), and the smoke is adjusted by the damper (48) to rise inside the chimney (46) and fire. At the time of cooling after stopping the kiln, the gas cooled in the cooling pipe (53) flows into the upper part of the chimney (46) from the exhaust pipe and descends in the chimney (46), and the chimney (62) and the flue ( 90), it reaches the smoke collection chamber, vents the smoke exhaust port (30), flows into the floor of the carbonization chamber (29), rises again in the carbonization chamber (29), circulates and cools. The charcoal kiln according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the kiln smoke exhaust device is used for combustion, and the cooling is performed by circulating convection during cooling.   The water tank (52) is installed on the upper part of the charcoal kiln (45) using an iron plate, and both ends of the cooling pipe (53) bent at a right angle are mounted in the water tank (52) with the both ends facing upward. 55) is connected to one of the carbonization chamber (39) and the cooling pipe (53) using the vent pipe (54), and the upper part of the chimney (46) and one of the cooling pipe (53) are connected to the exhaust pipe (56). ) Is connected and ventilated, the water valve (57) is opened at the start of cooling after firing in the kiln, water is poured into the water tank (52), the open / close valve (55) is opened, and the temperature inside the kiln is high. The gas is raised and flows into the cooling pipe (53) and cooled by the water in the water tank (52), passes through the exhaust pipe (56), reaches the upper part of the chimney (46), and cools down in the chimney (46). After passing through the flue (90), the smoke collection chamber (28), and the exhaust port (30), it flows into the kiln floor (33) again. Sumigama of claim 1 or 2 or 3 repeating the cooling Noboru circulation.   Mount the cooling cylinder (72) with the rotating part (73) into the rectangular water tank (80) with both ends protruding, and attach the trumpet-shaped smoke collecting cylinder (81) to the rotating part (73). The charcoal kiln according to claim 1 or 2, or 3 or 4, further comprising a condensation tube (74) having a condensation wire mesh (79) attached thereto in a zigzag manner and a wind and rain prevention tube (75) attached to the uppermost portion.   A nitrogen cylinder (5) provided with a gas on-off valve (91) is installed outside the charcoal kiln (45), and the nitrogen cylinder (5) is filled with nitrogen gas. Further, a nitrogen cylinder (5) and a charcoal kiln (45) are connected by piping so that ventilation is possible. Immediately after the firing of the charcoal kiln (45) is finished, the pressure in the high-pressure kiln decreases as it cools, and the cylinder open / close valve (91) is opened and the nitrogen gas is fed into the kiln little by little until the pressure reaches about 0 atm. The charcoal kiln according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, which prevents oxidation and ashing of charcoal in the kiln.

Images