JP5646127B2 - コードされたライブラリーの合成のための方法 - Google Patents
コードされたライブラリーの合成のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5646127B2 JP5646127B2 JP2006545580A JP2006545580A JP5646127B2 JP 5646127 B2 JP5646127 B2 JP 5646127B2 JP 2006545580 A JP2006545580 A JP 2006545580A JP 2006545580 A JP2006545580 A JP 2006545580A JP 5646127 B2 JP5646127 B2 JP 5646127B2
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Description
本出願は、2003年12月17日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第60/530854号、2004年1月30日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第60/540681号、2004年3月15日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第60/553,715号および2004年7月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第60/588,672号の優先権を主張し、これらのそれぞれの全内容が、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
有用な生物学的活性を有する化合物を同定することのより効率的な方法についての探索は、コンビナトリアルライブラリーと呼ばれるコレクションで存在する非常に多数の異なる化合物をスクリーニングするために様々な方法の開発をもたらしている。そのようなライブラリーは105以上の別個の化合物を含むことができる。様々な方法が、コンビナトリアルライブラリーを作製するために存在し、また、ペプチド、ペプチドミメティクスおよび小さい有機分子のコンビナトリアル合成が報告されている。
本発明は、コードオリゴヌクレオチドタグを含む分子のライブラリーを合成する方法を提供する。この方法では、コードオリゴヌクレオチドに連結された第1の基礎単位を含む開始剤を含む溶液を多数の画分に分割(「スプリット」)する「スプリット・アンド・プール」法が利用される。それぞれの画分において、開始剤が、第2の特有の基礎単位と、また、第2の基礎単位を特定する第2の特有のオリゴヌクレオチドと反応する。これらの反応は同時または逐次的であることが可能であり、逐次的である場合、いずれかの反応の前に、他方の反応を行うことができる。画分のそれぞれにおいて作製されたダイマー分子が一緒にされ(「プールされ」)、その後、再び多数の画分に分割される。その後、これらの画分のそれぞれが、第3の特有の(画分特異的な)基礎単位、および、基礎単位をコードする第3の特有のオリゴヌクレオチドと反応させられる。生成物ライブラリーに存在する特有の分子の数は、(1)合成の各工程において使用される異なる基礎単位の数と、(2)プールおよび分割のプロセスが繰り返される回数との関数である。
本発明は、化合物およびコンビナトリアル化合物ライブラリーを作製する方法、本発明の方法によって作製される化合物およびライブラリー、ならびに、所望の性質(例えば、所望する生物学的活性など)を有する化合物を同定するために本発明のライブラリーを使用する方法に関連する。本発明はさらに、これらの方法を使用して同定された化合物に関連する。
およそ105個の別個の成分を含むライブラリーの合成を、下記の試薬を使用して達成した。
12個のPCRチューブのそれぞれに、50μLの化合物1の水における1mM溶液;75μLのタグ1.1〜1.12の1つの0.80mM溶液;15μLの10Xリガーゼ緩衝液および10μLの脱イオン水を加えた。チューブを95℃に1分間加熱し、その後、10分かけて16℃に冷却した。それぞれのチューブに、50μLの1Xリガーゼ緩衝液における5,000ユニットのT4DNAリガーゼ(2.5μLの2,000,000ユニット/mL溶液(New England Biolabs、カタログ番号M0202))を加え、得られた溶液を16℃で16時間インキュベーションした。
これらのサイクルのそれぞれのために、前サイクルから得られる一緒にされた溶液を、それぞれが50ulの12個の等量のアリコートに分割し、PCRチューブに入れた。各チューブに、異なるタグを含む溶液を加え、そして、サイクル3〜5については、サイクル1について記載されるHPLC精製工程を省略したことを除いて、連結、精製およびアシル化を、サイクル1について記載されるように行った。サイクル2〜5についてのタグおよび基礎単位前駆体の間の対応を表2に示す。
上記の合成手順は、125(約249,000)個の異なる構造を含むライブラリーを作製する能力を有する。ライブラリーの合成を各サイクルの生成物のゲル電気泳動によってモニターした。5サイクルのそれぞれ、および、停止用プライマーを連結した後の最終ライブラリーの結果が、図7に例示される。「先頭断片」と記された化合物は化合物1である。図は、各サイクルが分子量の予想された増大をもたらしていること、および、各サイクルの生成物が分子量に関して実質的に均一であることを示している。
およそ108個の別個の成分を含むライブラリーの合成を、下記の試薬を使用して達成した。
4℃に冷却された、ホウ酸ナトリウム緩衝液(150mM、pH9.4)における化合物2の溶液(60mL、1mM)に、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)における40当量のN−Fmoc−15−アミノ−4,7,10,13−テトラオキサオクタデカン酸(S−Ado)(16mL、0.15M)を加え、その後、水における40当量の4−(4,6−ジメトキシ[1.3.5]トリアジン−2−イル)−4−メチルモルホリニウムクロリド水和物(DMTMM)(9.6mL、0.25M)を加えた。混合物を4℃で2時間穏やかに撹拌し、その後、さらに40当量のS−AdoおよびDMTMMを加え、4℃でさらに16時間振とうした。
96ウエルプレートにおける各ウエルに、化合物3の水における4mM溶液の12.5μL、表3に示されるようなオリゴヌクレオチドタグ1.1〜1.96の1つの1mM溶液の100μLを加えた(化合物3対タグのモル比は1:2であった)。プレートを95℃に1分間加熱し、その後、10分かけて16℃に冷却した。各ウエルに、10μLの10Xリガーゼ緩衝液、30ユニットのT4DNAリガーゼ(1μLの30ユニット/μL溶液(FermentasLife Science、カタログ番号EL0013))、76.5μlの水を加え、得られた溶液を16℃で16時間インキュベーションした。
これらのサイクルのそれぞれのために、前サイクルから得られた乾燥ペレットを水に溶解し、ライブラリーの濃度を、ライブラリーのDNA成分の吸光係数に基づいて分光光度法によって求めた(この場合、化合物2の最初の吸光係数は131,500L/(mol.cm)である)。ライブラリーの濃度を、その後の連結反応における最終濃度が0.25mMであるように水を用いて調節した。その後、ライブラリーを96ウエルプレートにおいて96個の等量のアリコートに分割した。各ウエルに、異なるタグを含む溶液を加え(ライブラリー対タグのモル比は1:2であった)、連結を、サイクル1について記載されたように行った。サイクル2、サイクル3およびサイクル4で使用されたオリゴヌクレオチドタグを、表4、表5および表6にそれぞれ示す。サイクル1〜4のそれぞれについてのタグと基礎単位前駆体との対応を表7に示す。ライブラリーを、サイクル1について上記で記載されたようにエタノールの添加によって沈殿させ、1mMの濃度にホウ酸ナトリウム緩衝液(150mM、pH9.4)に溶解した。続くアシル化および精製を、HPLC精製がサイクル3のときには省略されたことを除いて、サイクル1について記載されたように行った。
上記の合成手順は、964(約108)個の異なる構造を含むライブラリーを作製する能力を有する。ライブラリーの合成を各サイクルの生成物のゲル電気泳動およびLC/MSによってモニターした。完了したとき、ライブラリーを、いくつかの技術を使用して分析した。図13aは、サイクル4の後であるが、停止用プライマーを連結する前のライブラリーのクロマトグラムである;図13bは、同じ合成段階でのライブラリーの質量スペクトルである。平均分子量を負イオンLC/MS分析によって決定した。イオンシグナルを、ProMassソフトウエアを使用して解析した。この結果は、ライブラリーの予測された平均質量と一致している。
サイクル4が完了したとき、ライブラリーの一部を、通常のアシル化条件下でアジド酢酸を使用してN末端において封鎖した。EtOH沈殿による精製の後の生成物をリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(150mM、pH8)に1mMの濃度に溶解し、それぞれ4当量の水におけるCuSO4(200mM)、水におけるアスコルビン酸(200mM)、および、DMFにおける下記に示される化合物の溶液(200mM)を加えた。その後、反応混合物を室温で2時間穏やかに振とうした。
別個のチューブにおいて、プロパルギルグリシンまたは2−アミノ−3−フェニルプロピルアジド(それぞれ8μmol)をpH9.4のホウ酸塩緩衝液(250μL)においてFAM−OSu(Molecular Probes Inc.)(1.2当量)と一緒にした。反応を室温で3時間進行させ、その後、一晩凍結乾燥した。HPLCによる精製により、所望する蛍光性のアルキンおよびアジドを定量的収率で得た。
(アジドアセチル−Gly−Pro−Phe−Pra−NH2の調製:)
0.3mmolのRink−アミド樹脂を使用することにより、示された配列を、Fmoc保護アミノ酸および活性化剤としてのHATUを用いて標準的な固相合成技術を使用して合成した(Pra=C−プロパルギルグリシン)。アジド酢酸を、このテトラペプチドを封鎖するために使用した。ペプチドを、20%TFA/DCMを用いて4時間、樹脂から切断した。RP HPLCによる精製により、生成物を白色の固体として得た(75mg、51%)。
0.3mmolのグリシン−Wang樹脂を使用することにより、示された配列を、Fmoc保護アミノ酸および活性化剤としてのHATUを使用して合成した。アジド酢酸を、このペンタペプチドを封鎖するために、最後のカップリング工程で使用した。ペプチドの切断を、50%TFA/DCMを2時間使用して達成した。RP HPLCによる精製により、ペプチドが白色の固体として単離された(83mg、50%)。
ペプチド(32mg、0.058mmol)をMeCN(60mL)に溶解した。ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(1mL)およびCu(MeCN)4PF6(1mg)を加え、溶液を2時間撹拌した。溶媒をエバポレーションし、粗生成物をRP HPLCに供して、二量体および三量体を除いた。環状の単量体を無色のガラス物として単離した(6mg、20%)。
化合物2(45nmol)を45μLのホウ酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH9.4;150mM)に溶解した。4℃で、線状ペプチド(DMFにおける100mMストック液の18μL;180nmol;40当量)を加え、その後、DMT−MM(水における500mMストック液の3.6μL;180nmol;40当量)を加えた。2時間振とうした後、LCMSは、反応が完了していることを示した。生成物をエタノール沈殿によって単離した。
化合物2(20nmol)を20μLのホウ酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH9.4;150mM)に溶解した。4℃で、線状ペプチド(DMFにおける100mMストック液の8μL;80nmol;40当量)を加え、その後、DMT−MM(水における500mMストック液の1.6μL;80nmol;40当量)を加えた。2時間振とうした後、LCMSは、反応が完了していることを示した。生成物をエタノール沈殿によって単離した。
線状ペプチド−DNAコンジュゲート(10nmol)をpH8のリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(10μL、150mm)に溶解した。室温で、それぞれ4当量のCuSO4、アスコルビン酸およびSharplessリガンドをすべて加えた(200mMストック液の0.2μL)。反応を一晩進行させた。RP HPLCは、線状ペプチド−DNAが存在していなかったこと、および、生成物が真の環状ペプチド−DNAと同時に溶出したことを示した。二量体または他のオリゴマーは微量も認められなかった。
(シアヌル酸クロリドによる化合物3のアリール化のための一般的手順:)
化合物2をpH9.4のホウ酸ナトリウム緩衝液に1mMの濃度で溶解する。溶液を4℃に冷却し、その後、20当量のシアヌル酸クロリドを、MeCNにおける500mMの溶液として加える。2時間後、反応の完了がLCMSによって確認され、生じたジクロロトリアジン−DNAコンジュゲートをエタノール沈殿によって単離する。
ジクロロトリアジン−DNAコンジュゲートをpH9.5のホウ酸塩緩衝液に1mMの濃度で溶解する。室温で、40当量の脂肪族アミンをDMF溶液として加える。反応をLCMSによって追跡し、反応は、通常、2時間後には完了している。生じたアルキルアミノ−モノクロロトリアジン−DNAコンジュゲートをエタノール沈殿によって単離する。
アルキルアミノ−モノクロロトリアジン−DNAコンジュゲートをpH9.5のホウ酸塩緩衝液に1mMの濃度で溶解する。42℃で、40当量の第2の脂肪族アミンをDMF溶液として加える。反応をLCMSによって追跡し、反応は、通常、2時間後には完了している。生じたジアミノトリアジン−DNAコンジュゲートをエタノール沈殿によって単離する。
(第二級アミンを含有するDNA−リンカーのアルデヒド基礎単位による還元的アミン化のための一般的手順:)
化合物2をN末端のプロリン残基にカップリングした。得られた化合物をリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(50μL、150mM、pH5.5)に1mMの濃度で溶解した。この溶液に、それぞれ40当量のDMFにおけるアルデヒド基礎単位(8μL、0.25M)およびDMFにおけるシアノホウ水素化ナトリウム(8μL、0.25M)を加え、溶液を80℃で2時間加熱した。アルキル化の後、溶液をエタノール沈殿によって精製した。
アルデヒド基を含有する基礎単位にカップリングされた化合物2をリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(50μL、250mM、pH5.5)に1mMの濃度で溶解した。この溶液に、それぞれ40当量のDMFにおけるアミン基礎単位(8μL、0.25M)およびDMFにおけるシアノホウ水素化ナトリウム(8μL、0.25M)を加え、溶液を80℃で2時間加熱した。アルキル化の後、溶液をエタノール沈殿によって精製した。
(DNA−リンカー上でのペプトイド合成のための一般的手順:)
(一般的手順)
アルキン含有DNAコンジュゲートをpH8.0のリン酸塩緩衝液に約1mMの濃度で溶解する。この混合物に、10当量の有機アジド、ならびに、それぞれ5当量の硫酸銅(II)、アスコルビン酸およびリガンドのトリス−((1−ベンジルトリアゾール−4−イル)メチル)アミンをすべて室温で加える。反応をLCMSによって追跡し、反応は、通常、1時間〜2時間後には完了している。生じるトリアゾール−DNAコンンジュゲートはエタノール沈殿によって単離することができる。
DNAコードライブラリーにおける目的とする分子を、望ましくないライブラリー成分よりも濃縮することができることは、目的とする治療標的に対する規定された性質を有する単一化合物を同定することに優先する。この濃縮能力を明らかにするために、rhAblキナーゼ(GenBank U07563)に対する既知の結合性分子(これはShah他、Science 305、399〜401(2004)に記載される;これは参考として本明細書中に組み込まれる)を合成した。この化合物を、実施例1および実施例2に記載される方法によって作製される分子と類似する分子(オリゴヌクレオチドに連結された機能性部分)を作製するために標準的な化学方法を使用して、前述の実施例において記載されるリンカーを介して二本鎖DNAオリゴヌクレオチドに結合した。実施例2に記載されるように一般に作製されたライブラリー、および、DNAに連結されたAblキナーゼの結合体は、両方の化学種のqPCR分析を可能にする特有のDNA配列を伴って設計された。DNAに連結されたAblキナーゼの結合体をライブラリーと1:1000の比率で混合した。この混合物をrhAbleキナーゼと平衡化させ、酵素を固相表面に捕獲し、結合していないライブラリー成分を除くために洗浄し、結合している分子を溶出した。溶出液におけるライブラリー分子対DNA連結Ablキナーゼ阻害剤の比率は1:1であった。このことは、1000倍過剰なライブラリー分子における、500倍を超えるDNA連結Ablキナーゼ結合体の濃縮を示している。
当業者は、本明細書中に記載される本発明の具体的な実施形態に対する多くの等価物を認識するか、または、そのような等価物を、日常的に過ぎない実験を使用して確認することができる。そのような等価物は、下記の特許請求の範囲によって包含されることが意図される。
Claims (13)
- 少なくとも102個の別個の化合物を含む化合物ライブラリーであって、該化合物が、機能性部分の構造を同定するコードオリゴヌクレオチドそれぞれに対応して連結される、2個以上の基礎単位を含む機能性部分を含む、化合物ライブラリーであって、該化合物が、独立して、式:
Xは、2個以上の基礎単位を含む機能性部分であり;
Zは、その3’末端においてBに結合するオリゴヌクレオチドであり;
Yは、その5’末端においてCに結合するオリゴヌクレオチドであり;
Aは、Xとの共有結合を形成する官能基であり;
Bは、Zの3’末端との結合を形成する官能基であり;
Cは、Yの5’末端との結合を形成する官能基であり;
D、FおよびEは、それぞれ独立して、二官能性の連結基であり;および
Sは、原子または分子骨格であり;
YおよびZは実質的に相補的であり、D、E、およびFは、それぞれ独立して、アルキレン基またはオリゴ(エチレングリコール)基である]
で示される化合物である、化合物ライブラリー。 - 前記ライブラリーが、本質的に多数の式Iの化合物からなる、請求項1記載の化合物ライブラリー。
- YおよびZが、ワトソン・クリック塩基対形成および二重鎖形成を適した条件下で可能にするように前記化合物内で配向される、請求項1記載の化合物ライブラリー。
- YおよびZが同じ長さまたは異なる長さである、請求項1記載の化合物ライブラリー。
- Sが、炭素原子、ホウ素原子、窒素原子、リン原子、または、多原子の骨格である、請求項1記載の化合物ライブラリー。
- Sがリン酸基または環状基である、請求項1記載の化合物ライブラリー。
- Sが、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基、ヘテロシクロアルキル基、ヘテロシクロアルケニル基、アリール基またはヘテロアリール基である、請求項1記載の化合物ライブラリー。
- 少なくとも1個の基礎単位が、アミノ酸である、請求項1記載の化合物ライブラリー。
- Aがアミノ基であり;
Bがリン酸基であり;および
Cがリン酸基である、請求項1記載の化合物ライブラリー。 - n、mおよびpのそれぞれが独立して、2〜8の整数である、請求項8記載の化合物ライブラリー。
- n、mおよびpのそれぞれが独立して、3〜6の整数である、請求項8記載の化合物ライブラリー。
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