JP5643302B2 - 合成スメクタイト鉱物を製造するための高せん断方法 - Google Patents
合成スメクタイト鉱物を製造するための高せん断方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5643302B2 JP5643302B2 JP2012516117A JP2012516117A JP5643302B2 JP 5643302 B2 JP5643302 B2 JP 5643302B2 JP 2012516117 A JP2012516117 A JP 2012516117A JP 2012516117 A JP2012516117 A JP 2012516117A JP 5643302 B2 JP5643302 B2 JP 5643302B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- mercury sorbent
- clay
- sulfide
- sorbent material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 93
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- -1 copper salt anion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical group O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TWKKUWBBCHHMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;sulfide;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[S-2] TWKKUWBBCHHMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical compound [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- DEETYPHYGZQVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCCCC(=O)OCC DEETYPHYGZQVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940108925 copper gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical group [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) perchlorate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- SBTSVTLGWRLWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) triflate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F SBTSVTLGWRLWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diformate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- PWGQHOJABIQOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PWGQHOJABIQOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IKUPISAYGBGQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O IKUPISAYGBGQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQVVSSAWECGTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N BQVVSSAWECGTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Se]=[Cu] IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LTJSXGVQCAVSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K+].[K+].[S-][S-] Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[S-][S-] LTJSXGVQCAVSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium sulfide Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[S-2].[S-2].[S-2] COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UIJGNTRUPZPVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenecarbothioic s-acid Chemical compound SC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UIJGNTRUPZPVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 2
- QENHCSSJTJWZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium sulfide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[S-2] QENHCSSJTJWZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[K+].[K+] DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000276 sauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium disulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-][S-] SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical compound [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 10
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079101 sodium sulfide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- ZGHLCBJZQLNUAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide nonahydrate Chemical group O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[S-2] ZGHLCBJZQLNUAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940048181 sodium sulfide nonahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- WMDLZMCDBSJMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;sulfanide;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[SH-] WMDLZMCDBSJMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 24
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 12
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 4
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CMDXKWPDBAJJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper sulfuric acid pentahydrate Chemical compound [Cu].S(O)(O)(=O)=O.O.O.O.O.O CMDXKWPDBAJJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052955 covellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001144 powder X-ray diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011021 bench scale process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101710138657 Neurotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MYWUSVSJXWMHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-M O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].S(=O)(=O)([O-])O.O.O.O.[S-2].[Na+] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].S(=O)(=O)([O-])O.O.O.O.[S-2].[Na+] MYWUSVSJXWMHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YZCLTMKHOXVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O.[Si+4] Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O.[Si+4] YZCLTMKHOXVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- BXZCTOIDCRWONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound [Cu+2].NCCN BXZCTOIDCRWONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本願は、2009年6月16日に出願された米国特許出願第12/485,561号の優先権を主張し、その開示を全体として本明細書に援用する。
本発明は、ガス流(例えば、天然ガス、工業の煙突等)から水銀(有機水銀、Hg、Hg+及び/又はHg2+)を除去するための組成物、当該組成物の製造方法、及び、当該組成物の使用方法に関する。組成物「水銀除去媒体(mercury removal media)」は、石炭燃焼火力発電所から排出される燃焼ガスから水銀を除去するのに特に有用である。当該Hg除去媒体は、層状のフィロケイ酸塩、硫黄及び銅を含み、結果として銅/硫黄/粘土(clay)物質となる、均一で、好ましくはせん断された組成物を含む。当該銅は、粘土の陽イオンとイオン交換されており、当該硫黄は、イオン交換され、遊離した銅と反応して、機構の組み合わせによりフィロケイ酸塩が結合した硫化銅相を形成する。
KITCHENAID(キッチンエイド)のスタンドミキサー(stand mixer)のボウル(bowl)で、368.5 gのナトリウムベントナイト(325メッシュを85%通過)、16.5 gの塩化ナトリウム(United Salt社、20メッシュ通過)、57.0 gの硫酸銅五水和物(Old Bridge Chemicals社、40メッシュ通過)及び31.0 gの硫化ナトリウム三水和物(Chem One社)を5分間混合した。それから、混合物に74.0 gの脱イオン水を加え、混合物を5分間撹拌した。それから、型板(dieplate)を有する実験室スケールの押出機を用いて、水銀収着媒混合物を3回押し出した。それから、押出物を100℃でオーブン乾燥した。乾燥した押出物をすり砕き、325メッシュの篩いを通過する粒子を収集した。この試料の最終的な含水率は、約2重量%であった。
KITCHENAIDのスタンドミキサーのボウルで、232.0 gのナトリウムベントナイト、26.4 gの塩化ナトリウム、91.2 gの硫酸銅五水和物及び49.6 gの硫化ナトリウム三水和物を5分間混合した。それから、混合物に52.4 gの脱イオン水を加え、混合物を5分間撹拌した。それから、型板を有する実験室スケールの押出機を用いて、水銀収着媒混合物を3回押し出した。それから、押出物を70℃でオーブン乾燥した。乾燥した押出物をすり砕き、325メッシュの篩いを通過する粒子を収集した。この試料の最終的な含水率は、約3.5重量%であった。
2,060 lb(ポンド)のナトリウムベントナイト、92.2 lbの塩化ナトリウム、318.6 lbの硫酸銅五水和物及び173.3 lbの硫化ナトリウム三水和物をパドルミキサー(paddle mixer)のボウルで混合することにより、水銀収着媒混合物を製造した。混合物を20分間化合させ、それから、5インチREADCO連続プロセッサー(Readco Manufacturing社)に供給速度約900 lb/時で供給した。水銀収着媒混合物をプロセッサーに供給したので、水は、(乾燥混合物供給ポートとは分離している)液注入ポートを通じて約0.35ガロン/分でプロセッサーに供給した。押出物を約100℃で乾燥し、粒子サイズになるまですり砕いた。水銀収着媒物質は、約5〜約25μmの平均粒子径で、含水率が10重量%未満であることがわかった。
700 lbのナトリウムベントナイト、31.3 lbの塩化ナトリウム、108.3 lbの硫酸銅五水和物及び59.0 lbの硫化ナトリウム三水和物をパドルミキサーのボウルで混合することにより、水銀収着媒混合物を製造した。混合物を20分間化合させ、それから、16’’のピンミキサー(Mars Mineral)に供給速度約1,100 lb/時で供給した。水銀収着媒混合物をピンミキサーに供給したので、水は、(乾燥混合物供給ポートとは分離している)液注入ポートを通じて約0.35ガロン/分でプロセッサーに供給した。押出物を約100℃で乾燥し、粒子サイズになるまですり砕いた。水銀収着媒物質は、約5〜約25μmの平均粒子径で、含水率が10重量%未満であることがわかった。
Claims (17)
- 乾燥粘土及び乾燥銅源を含有する銅/粘土混合物と、乾燥粘土及び乾燥硫黄源を含有する硫黄/粘土混合物とを混合して、水銀収着媒予備混合物を形成すること、
前記水銀収着媒予備混合物中の銅源と硫黄源の反応を阻害すること、及び、それから、
水の存在下で前記水銀収着媒予備混合物をせん断して、水銀収着媒物質を形成することを含む、水銀収着媒物質の製造方法であって、
前記水銀収着媒物質は、4重量%未満の水を含有するとき、層間隔d(001)が12Å未満であり、
前記水銀収着媒物質の粉末X線回折パターンは、2.73±0.01Åの回折ピークが実質的に存在せず、
前記水銀収着媒物質のζ電位は、乾燥粘土のζ電位よりも大きい
ことを特徴とする、水銀収着媒物質の製造方法。 - 乾燥粘土が、交換性陽イオン及び15重量%の水を含有し、
乾燥硫黄源が、自由水を実質的に全く有していない硫化物塩を含み、
乾燥銅源が、銅の陽イオン及び銅塩の陰イオンを有し、自由水を実質的に全く有しておらず、
粘土の交換性陽イオンと銅塩の陰イオンとのイオン対化が、銅の陽イオンと銅塩の陰イオンとのイオン対化よりもエンタルピー的に好ましく、
せん断することが発熱性であり、
水銀収着媒物質が、ガス流から水銀を除去することができる
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の水銀収着媒物質の製造方法。 - せん断することが、水銀収着媒予備混合物を押出機に通すことを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- せん断することが、水銀収着媒予備混合物をピンミキサーに通すことを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- せん断された水銀収着媒予備混合物が15重量%〜40重量%の水を含むように、せん断する間に水銀収着媒予備混合物に十分な水を加えることをさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 乾燥粘土が、ベントナイト、モンモリロナイト、ヘクトライト、バイデライト、サポナイト、ノントロナイト、ボルコンスコアイト、ソーコナイト、ステベンサイト、フルオロヘクトライト、ラポナイト、レクトナイト、バーミキュライト、イライト、雲母質鉱物、マカタイト、カネマイト、オクトシリケート(イリエライト)、マガディアイト、ケニヤアイト、アタパルジャイト、パリゴルスカイト、セピオライト、及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されるフィロケイ酸塩を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 乾燥粘土が、モンモリロナイトを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 乾燥銅源が、酢酸銅、銅アセチルアセトナート、臭化銅、炭酸銅、塩化銅、クロム酸銅、エチルヘキサン酸銅、蟻酸銅、グルコン酸銅、水酸化銅、ヨウ化銅、モリブデン酸銅、硝酸銅、酸化銅、過塩素酸銅、ピロリン酸銅、セレン化銅、硫酸銅、テルル化銅、テトラフルオロホウ酸銅、チオシアン酸銅、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸銅、銅合金、及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される無水銅化合物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 乾燥銅源が、酢酸銅、銅アセチルアセトナート、臭化銅、炭酸銅、塩化銅、クロム酸銅、エチルヘキサン酸銅、蟻酸銅、グルコン酸銅、水酸化銅、ヨウ化銅、モリブデン酸銅、硝酸銅、酸化銅、過塩素酸銅、ピロリン酸銅、セレン化銅、硫酸銅、テルル化銅、テトラフルオロホウ酸銅、チオシアン酸銅、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸銅、銅合金、及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される銅化合物水和物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 乾燥硫黄源が、硫化ナトリウム、硫化ナトリウム三水和物、硫化ナトリウム九水和物、二硫化ナトリウム、多硫化ナトリウム、硫化アンモニウム、二硫化アンモニウム、多硫化アンモニウム、硫化カリウム、二硫化カリウム、多硫化カリウム、多硫化カルシウム、及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 乾燥硫黄源が、硫化ナトリウム三水和物であることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 乾燥硫黄源が、硫化水素、二硫化水素、硫化アルミニウム、硫化マグネシウム、チオ酢酸、チオ安息香酸、及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 水銀収着媒物質が、粘土、銅及び硫黄を含み、粉末X線回折パターンは2.73±0.01Åの回折ピークを実質的に有さず、粉末X線回折により測定される粘土/銅藍複合体を実質的に有さないことを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の方法で製造された水銀収着媒物質。
- 硫化物イオンに対する銅イオンの比が1未満であることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の水銀収着媒物質。
- 硫化物イオンに対する銅イオンの比が0.5未満であることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の水銀収着媒物質。
- 硫化物イオンに対する銅イオンの比が1よりも大きいことを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の水銀収着媒物質。
- 硫化物イオンに対する銅イオンの比が2よりも大きいことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の水銀収着媒物質。
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US12/485,561 | 2009-06-16 | ||
US12/485,561 US8268744B2 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2009-06-16 | High shear method for manufacturing a synthetic smectite mineral |
PCT/US2010/037580 WO2010147781A1 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-06-07 | High shear method for manufacturing a synthetic smectite mineral |
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JP2012529988A5 JP2012529988A5 (ja) | 2014-04-24 |
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CN (2) | CN104549133B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2010260386B2 (ja) |
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US9682383B2 (en) | 2010-04-08 | 2017-06-20 | Nalco Company | Gas stream treatment process |
GB2547364B8 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2017-11-29 | The Queen's Univ Of Belfast | Process for removing metals from hydrocarbons |
US8876958B2 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2014-11-04 | Clariant Corporation | Composition and process for mercury removal |
CN103301802B (zh) * | 2012-03-12 | 2015-10-28 | 北京师范大学 | 一种镁改性凹凸棒石吸附剂及其制备方法和应用 |
US10166507B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2019-01-01 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for hydrochloric acid mediation |
US8992868B2 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2015-03-31 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Dry processes, apparatus compositions and systems for reducing mercury, sulfur oxides and HCl |
US9802154B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2017-10-31 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process for sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid and mercury mediation |
EP2892631B1 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2018-11-14 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Method for removing mercury from natural gas |
US9289721B2 (en) | 2013-02-27 | 2016-03-22 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Process and apparatus for improving the operation of wet scrubbers |
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US9399597B2 (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2016-07-26 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Ash compositions recovered from coal combustion gases having reduced emissions of HCI and/or mercury |
US9718025B2 (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2017-08-01 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Reducing hydrochloric acid in cement kilns |
WO2014161958A1 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | Clariant International Ltd. | Method for removing mercury compounds from flue gas streams |
JP6076854B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-07 | 2017-02-08 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | 炭化水素油中の水銀の除去方法 |
CN105181617B (zh) * | 2015-09-21 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽师范大学 | 用于汞离子检测的传感器的制备方法和应用 |
US20180304229A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-10-25 | Amcol International Corporation | Improved method of making a mercury sorbent |
CN106426546A (zh) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-22 | 淮阴工学院 | 可连续化生产的黏土解离‑改性‑干燥一体化方法 |
MY197566A (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2023-06-23 | Petroliam Nasional Berhad Petronas | New form of copper sulphide |
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CN109603410A (zh) * | 2019-02-11 | 2019-04-12 | 中南大学 | 一种高效脱除烟气中单质汞的方法 |
CN113600122B (zh) * | 2021-08-25 | 2022-06-14 | 中南大学 | 一种天然硫化矿物改性材料、制备方法及其应用 |
CN113680313A (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-23 | 成都理工大学 | 一种易再生的亚甲基蓝吸附剂的制备方法 |
CN114023519B (zh) * | 2021-09-18 | 2023-04-07 | 盛雷城精密电阻(江西)有限公司 | 一种超高频射频电阻器 |
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US20100317509A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
AU2010260386B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
US8268744B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
HK1210088A1 (en) | 2016-04-15 |
JP2015071163A (ja) | 2015-04-16 |
CN102802763A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
AU2010260386A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
KR20120032004A (ko) | 2012-04-04 |
EP2442889B1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
KR101773985B1 (ko) | 2017-09-01 |
WO2010147781A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
CN104549133A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
CN102802763B (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
CN104549133B (zh) | 2017-10-03 |
JP5997748B2 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
EP2442889A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
PL2442889T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
JP2012529988A (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
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