JP5923526B2 - 煙道ガスのスクラビング - Google Patents
煙道ガスのスクラビング Download PDFInfo
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- JP5923526B2 JP5923526B2 JP2013551958A JP2013551958A JP5923526B2 JP 5923526 B2 JP5923526 B2 JP 5923526B2 JP 2013551958 A JP2013551958 A JP 2013551958A JP 2013551958 A JP2013551958 A JP 2013551958A JP 5923526 B2 JP5923526 B2 JP 5923526B2
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Description
KITCHENAID(キッチンエイド)のスタンドミキサーのボウルで、368.5gのナトリウムベントナイト(85%が325メッシュを通過)、16.5gの塩化ナトリウム(United Salt Corporation、20メッシュを通過)、57.0の硫化銅五水和物(Old Bridge Chemicals,Inc.、40メッシュを通過)および31.0gの硫化ナトリウム三水和物(Chem One Ltd.)を5分間混合した。次に、混合物に74.0gの脱イオン水を加え、混合物を5分間撹拌した。次に、型板を有する実験室スケールの押出機を用いて、水銀収着剤混合物を3回押し出した。次に、押出物を100℃でオーブン乾燥した。乾燥された押出物を微粉砕し、325メッシュの篩いを通過する得られた粒子を捕集した。この試料の最終的な含水率は、約2重量%であった。
KITCHENAIDスタンドミキサーのボウルで、232.0gのナトリウムベントナイト、26.4gの塩化ナトリウム、91.2gの硫化銅五水和物および49.6gの硫化ナトリウム三水和物を5分間混合した。次に、混合物に52.4gの脱イオン水を加え、混合物を5分間撹拌した。次に、型板を有する実験室スケールの押出機を用いて、水銀収着剤混合物を3回押し出した。次に、押出物を70℃でオーブン乾燥した。乾燥された押出物を微粉砕し、325メッシュの篩いを通過する得られた粒子を捕集した。この試料の最終的な含水率は、約3.5重量%であった。
2,060 lbのナトリウムベントナイト、92.2 lbの塩化ナトリウム、318.6 lbの硫化銅五水和物および173.3 lbの硫化ナトリウム三水和物をパドルミキサーのボウルで混合することにより、水銀収着剤混合物を調製した。混合物を20分間化合させ、次に、5インチREADCO連続プロセッサー(ReadcoManufacturing Inc.)に供給速度約900 lb/時で供給した。水銀収着剤混合物がプロセッサーに供給されるとき、水は、(乾燥混合物供給ポートとは分離している)液注入ポートを通じて約0.35ガロン/分でプロセッサーに供給された。押出物を約100℃で乾燥し、微粉砕して粒子径を低減した。水銀収着剤材料は、約5〜約25μmの平均粒子径で、含水率が10重量%未満であることがわかった。
700 lbのナトリウムベントナイト、31.3 lbの塩化ナトリウム、108.3 lbの硫化銅五水和物および59.0 lbの硫化ナトリウム三水和物をパドルミキサーのボウルで混合することにより、水銀収着剤混合物を調製した。混合物を20分間化合させ、次に、16インチのピンミキサー(Mars Mineral)に供給速度約1,100 lb/時で供給した。水銀収着剤混合物がピンミキサーに供給されるとき、水は、(乾燥混合物供給ポートとは分離している)液注入ポートを通じて約0.35ガロン/分でプロセッサーに供給された。押出物を約100℃で乾燥し、微粉砕して粒子径を低減した。水銀収着剤材料は、約5〜約25μmの平均粒子径で、含水率が10重量%未満であることがわかった。
パイロットスケール注入は、石炭火力ボイラー、空気予熱器、織布濾過器(バグハウス)、電気集塵器(ESP)、乾燥収着剤の注入システム、湿式スクラバー、およびガス注入システムを備える5 MWスリップストリームパワーシステムで行われた。設計された煙道ガス流量は50,500 lb/hr(700°Fにおいて23,900 acf/分、300°Fにおいて18,035 acf/分)である。全ての収着剤(水銀吸収材料、石灰)をバグハウスの前に注入した。試験の間、煙道ガス流量は400°Fにおいて17,700 acf/分から19,400 acf/分に変化した。
実験実施例T1〜T5について、水銀吸収材料の注入濃度が変化させられ、石灰は注入されなかった。
水銀吸収材料の注入濃度が変化させられ、100 lb/hrの目標等価率において石灰を注入してSO3を制御した。
石灰の注入率が変化させられ、水銀吸収材料の注入濃度は実験実施例T11〜T15については3.5 lb/MMacfを目標とし、実験実施例T16〜T20については4.0 lb/MMacfを目標とした。
Claims (15)
- 銅塩と硫黄源とを有する、交換性カチオンを含有するスメクタイト粘土を発熱剪断することによって製造され、粉末X線回折により測定される2.73±0.01Åにおける回折ピークを有しない水銀収着剤材料を煙道ガスを運ぶ煙道ダクト内に注入して注入濃度をもたらす工程と、
前記水銀収着剤材料を前記煙道ガス中の水銀と反応させて水銀が収着された材料を形成し、それによって前記煙道ガス中の水銀の濃度を低減する工程と、
前記水銀収着剤材料と石灰とが前記煙道ダクト内で混合するような位置において前記石灰を前記煙道ダクト内に注入する工程と、
前記石灰を前記煙道ガス中のSO2、SO3、および/またはHClと反応させて硫酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択された反応生成物を形成する工程と、
前記水銀が収着された材料と一切の未反応水銀収着剤材料とを含む副生成物混合物を捕集する工程とを含む、水銀を煙道ガスから捕集する方法。 - 銅塩と硫黄源とを有する、交換性カチオンを含有するスメクタイト粘土を発熱剪断する工程によって製造された、粉末X線回折により測定される2.73±0.01Åにおける回折ピークを有しない水銀収着剤材料と石灰とを混合して煙道ガススクラビング組成物を形成する工程と、次いで、
前記煙道ガススクラビング組成物を煙道ガスを含有する煙道ダクト内に注入する工程であって、前記煙道ガススクラビング組成物が前記煙道ガス中の水銀およびSO2、SO3、および/またはHClと反応し、水銀が収着された材料を形成し、それによって前記煙道ガス中の水銀の濃度を低減する工程と、
前記水銀が収着された材料と一切の未反応煙道ガススクラビング組成物とを含有する副生成物混合物を捕集する工程とを含む、水銀を煙道ガスから捕集する方法。 - 前記副生成物混合物が未反応石灰および飛散灰よりなる群のうちの少なくとも1つの要素を含有する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀収着剤材料が16.02〜320.37kg/100万実立方メートル煙道ガスの範囲で注入される、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 石灰が4536.924kg/hr未満で注入される、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記煙道ガスの流量を定量する工程と、
前記煙道ガス中の水銀および硫黄の濃度を定量する工程と、
kg/100万実立方メートル煙道ガス単位で注入するために水銀収着剤材料の量を定める工程と、
kg/hr単位で注入するために石灰の量を定める工程とをさらに含み、
前記煙道ガススクラビング組成物を形成するために前記水銀収着剤材料と前記石灰とを混合することが、前記定められたkg/hr単位での石灰の注入および前記定められたkg/100万実立方メートル煙道ガス単位での前記水銀収着剤材料の注入をもたらすために十分であり、かつ、少なくとも80%の水銀の除去を行うために十分である、前記石灰に対する前記水銀収着剤材料の比で、前記水銀収着剤材料と前記石灰とを混合することを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。 - 水銀収着剤材料を水銀を含有する煙道ガスと反応させることによって製造された、請求項1に記載の方法によって形成された前記水銀が収着された材料を含む副生成物混合物を水と混合して生コンクリートを形成する工程と、
前記生コンクリートを型にキャストする工程とを含む、水銀を閉じ込める方法。 - 前記副生成物混合物をポルトランドセメントと混合する工程をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記副生成物混合物が、水銀収着剤材料、石灰、硫酸カルシウム、および飛散灰からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つの材料をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記副生成物混合物が、前記水銀収着剤材料、前記石灰、前記硫酸カルシウム、および前記飛散灰を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- ケイ酸塩、銅、硫黄を含み、粉末X線回折により測定される2.73±0.01Åにおける回折ピークを有しない水銀収着剤材料と、
酸化カルシウムおよび/または水酸化カルシウムを含む石灰とから本質的になる煙道ガススクラビング組成物。 - 前記煙道ガススクラビング組成物の水銀吸収能が、前記石灰が存在しない場合の前記水銀収着剤材料の水銀吸収能の70%超である、請求項11に記載の煙道ガススクラビング組成物。
- 前記石灰に対する前記水銀収着剤材料の比が、kg/hr単位で注入するために予め決められた石灰の量、およびkg/100万実立方メートル煙道ガス単位で注入するために予め決められた水銀収着剤材料の量をもたらすのに十分である、請求項11に記載の煙道ガススクラビング組成物。
- 前記水銀収着剤材料の含水率が4重量%未満であるとき、前記水銀収着剤材料は、12Å未満の層間d(001)を有する、請求項11に記載の煙道ガススクラビング組成物。
- 水銀収着剤材料のゼータ(ζ)電位の値がケイ酸塩のゼータ(ζ)電位の値よりも高い、請求項11または14に記載の煙道ガススクラビング組成物。
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