JP2014508638A - 煙道ガスのスクラビング - Google Patents
煙道ガスのスクラビング Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2014508638A JP2014508638A JP2013551958A JP2013551958A JP2014508638A JP 2014508638 A JP2014508638 A JP 2014508638A JP 2013551958 A JP2013551958 A JP 2013551958A JP 2013551958 A JP2013551958 A JP 2013551958A JP 2014508638 A JP2014508638 A JP 2014508638A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mercury
- flue gas
- lime
- sorbent material
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- -1 cation ions Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 12
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000005203 dry scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWKKUWBBCHHMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;sulfide;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[S-2] TWKKUWBBCHHMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001144 powder X-ray diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGYIYYJTAFMIMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenecopper pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu]=S OGYIYYJTAFMIMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005200 wet scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011021 bench scale process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SBTSVTLGWRLWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) triflate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F SBTSVTLGWRLWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical compound [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTJSXGVQCAVSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K+].[K+].[S-][S-] Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[S-][S-] LTJSXGVQCAVSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCLTMKHOXVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O.[Si+4] Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O.[Si+4] YZCLTMKHOXVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium sulfide Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[S-2].[S-2].[S-2] COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIJGNTRUPZPVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenecarbothioic s-acid Chemical compound SC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UIJGNTRUPZPVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])=O GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DEETYPHYGZQVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCCCC(=O)OCC DEETYPHYGZQVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940108925 copper gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical group [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) perchlorate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diformate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PWGQHOJABIQOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PWGQHOJABIQOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKUPISAYGBGQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O IKUPISAYGBGQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQVVSSAWECGTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N BQVVSSAWECGTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CGPVLUCOFNAVGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu] CGPVLUCOFNAVGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethioic S-acid Chemical compound CC(S)=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QENHCSSJTJWZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium sulfide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[S-2] QENHCSSJTJWZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-OUBTZVSYSA-N magnesium-25 atom Chemical compound [25Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002887 neurotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940016373 potassium polysulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[K+].[K+] DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Se]=[Cu] IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium disulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-][S-] SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical compound [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009044 synergistic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
KITCHENAID(キッチンエイド)のスタンドミキサーのボウルで、368.5gのナトリウムベントナイト(85%が325メッシュを通過)、16.5gの塩化ナトリウム(United Salt Corporation、20メッシュを通過)、57.0の硫化銅五水和物(Old Bridge Chemicals,Inc.、40メッシュを通過)および31.0gの硫化ナトリウム三水和物(Chem One Ltd.)を5分間混合した。次に、混合物に74.0gの脱イオン水を加え、混合物を5分間撹拌した。次に、型板を有する実験室スケールの押出機を用いて、水銀収着剤混合物を3回押し出した。次に、押出物を100℃でオーブン乾燥した。乾燥された押出物を微粉砕し、325メッシュの篩いを通過する得られた粒子を捕集した。この試料の最終的な含水率は、約2重量%であった。
KITCHENAIDスタンドミキサーのボウルで、232.0gのナトリウムベントナイト、26.4gの塩化ナトリウム、91.2gの硫化銅五水和物および49.6gの硫化ナトリウム三水和物を5分間混合した。次に、混合物に52.4gの脱イオン水を加え、混合物を5分間撹拌した。次に、型板を有する実験室スケールの押出機を用いて、水銀収着剤混合物を3回押し出した。次に、押出物を70℃でオーブン乾燥した。乾燥された押出物を微粉砕し、325メッシュの篩いを通過する得られた粒子を捕集した。この試料の最終的な含水率は、約3.5重量%であった。
2,060 lbのナトリウムベントナイト、92.2 lbの塩化ナトリウム、318.6 lbの硫化銅五水和物および173.3 lbの硫化ナトリウム三水和物をパドルミキサーのボウルで混合することにより、水銀収着剤混合物を調製した。混合物を20分間化合させ、次に、5インチREADCO連続プロセッサー(ReadcoManufacturing Inc.)に供給速度約900 lb/時で供給した。水銀収着剤混合物がプロセッサーに供給されるとき、水は、(乾燥混合物供給ポートとは分離している)液注入ポートを通じて約0.35ガロン/分でプロセッサーに供給された。押出物を約100℃で乾燥し、微粉砕して粒子径を低減した。水銀収着剤材料は、約5〜約25μmの平均粒子径で、含水率が10重量%未満であることがわかった。
700 lbのナトリウムベントナイト、31.3 lbの塩化ナトリウム、108.3 lbの硫化銅五水和物および59.0 lbの硫化ナトリウム三水和物をパドルミキサーのボウルで混合することにより、水銀収着剤混合物を調製した。混合物を20分間化合させ、次に、16インチのピンミキサー(Mars Mineral)に供給速度約1,100 lb/時で供給した。水銀収着剤混合物がピンミキサーに供給されるとき、水は、(乾燥混合物供給ポートとは分離している)液注入ポートを通じて約0.35ガロン/分でプロセッサーに供給された。押出物を約100℃で乾燥し、微粉砕して粒子径を低減した。水銀収着剤材料は、約5〜約25μmの平均粒子径で、含水率が10重量%未満であることがわかった。
パイロットスケール注入は、石炭火力ボイラー、空気予熱器、織布濾過器(バグハウス)、電気集塵器(ESP)、乾燥収着剤の注入システム、湿式スクラバー、およびガス注入システムを備える5 MWスリップストリームパワーシステムで行われた。設計された煙道ガス流量は50,500 lb/hr(700°Fにおいて23,900 acf/分、300°Fにおいて18,035 acf/分)である。全ての収着剤(水銀吸収材料、石灰)をバグハウスの前に注入した。試験の間、煙道ガス流量は400°Fにおいて17,700 acf/分から19,400 acf/分に変化した。
実験実施例T1〜T5について、水銀吸収材料の注入濃度が変化させられ、石灰は注入されなかった。
水銀吸収材料の注入濃度が変化させられ、100 lb/hrの目標等価率において石灰を注入してSO3を制御した。
石灰の注入率が変化させられ、水銀吸収材料の注入濃度は実験実施例T11〜T15については3.5 lb/MMacfを目標とし、実験実施例T16〜T20については4.0 lb/MMacfを目標とした。
Claims (18)
- 銅塩と硫黄源とを有する、交換性カチオンを含有するスメクタイト粘土を発熱剪断することと、粘土の交換性カチオンと前記銅塩とのエンタルピー的に推進されたイオン対化を提供することとによって製造され、2.73±0.01Aにおける回折ピークを実質的に有しない水銀収着剤材料を煙道ガスを運ぶ煙道ダクト内に注入して注入濃度をもたらす工程と、
前記水銀収着剤材料を前記煙道ガス中の水銀と反応させて水銀が収着された材料を形成し、それによって前記煙道ガス中の水銀の濃度を低減する工程と、
前記水銀収着剤材料と石灰とが前記煙道ダクト内で混合するような位置において前記石灰を前記煙道ダクト内に注入する工程と、
前記石灰を前記煙道ガス中のSO2、SO3、および/またはHClと反応させて硫酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択された反応生成物を形成する工程と、
前記水銀が収着された材料と一切の未反応水銀収着剤材料とを含む副生成物混合物を捕集する工程とを含む、水銀を煙道ガスから捕集する方法。 - 前記副生成物混合物が未反応石灰を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記副生成物混合物が飛散灰を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀収着剤材料の前記注入濃度が約1〜約20lb/MMacf煙道ガスの範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 石灰の注入率が約10,000lb/hr未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀収着剤材料と前記石灰とが相乗的である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 銅塩と硫黄源とを有する、交換性カチオンを含有するスメクタイト粘土を発熱剪断する工程と、粘土の交換性カチオンと前記銅塩とのエンタルピー的に推進されたイオン対化を提供する工程とによって製造された、2.73±0.01Aにおける回折ピークを実質的に有しない水銀収着剤材料と石灰とを混合して煙道ガススクラビング組成物を形成する工程と、次いで、
前記煙道ガススクラビング組成物を煙道ガスを含有する煙道ダクト内に注入する工程であって、前記煙道ガススクラビング組成物が前記煙道ガス中の水銀およびSO2、SO3、および/またはHClと反応し、水銀が収着された材料を形成し、それによって前記煙道ガス中の水銀の濃度を低減する工程と、
前記水銀が収着された材料と一切の未反応煙道ガススクラビング組成物とを含有する混合物を捕集する工程とを含む、水銀を煙道ガスから捕集する方法。 - 煙道ガススクラビング組成物の注入率が約10,000lb/hr未満の石灰の注入率および約1〜約20lb/MMacfの範囲の水銀収着剤材料の注入濃度を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 予め決められた煙道ガス流量に基づいた予め決められた石灰の注入率および水銀収着剤材料の注入濃度をもたらすために十分な質量比において前記水銀収着剤材料と前記石灰とが混合される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記煙道ガス流量を定量する工程と、
前記煙道ガス中の水銀および硫黄の濃度を定量する工程と、
水銀収着剤材料の注入濃度を定量する工程と、
石灰の注入率を定量する工程とをさらに含み、
前記石灰の注入率、前記水銀収着剤材料の注入濃度、および少なくとも80%の水銀の除去をもたらすために十分な比において前記水銀収着剤材料と石灰とが混合される、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記水銀収着剤材料と前記石灰とが相乗的である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 水銀収着剤材料を水銀を含有する煙道ガスと反応させることによって製造された、請求項1に記載の方法によって形成された前記水銀が収着された材料を含む副生成物混合物を水と混合して生コンクリートを形成する工程と、
前記生コンクリートを型にキャストする工程とを含む、水銀を閉じ込める方法。 - 前記副生成物混合物をポルトランドセメントと混合する工程をさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記副生成物混合物が、水銀収着剤材料、石灰、硫酸カルシウム、飛散灰、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つの材料を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記副生成物混合物が、前記水銀が収着された材料、前記水銀収着剤材料、石灰、硫酸カルシウム、および飛散灰を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 粉末X線回折によって定量された時に粘土/銅藍複合物を実質的に含有せず、ケイ酸塩、銅イオン源、硫化物イオン源、および水の混合物を剪断することによって製造された水銀収着剤材料と、
酸化カルシウムおよび/または水酸化カルシウムを含む石灰とから本質的になる煙道ガススクラビング組成物。 - 前記煙道ガススクラビング組成物の水銀吸収能が、前記石灰が存在しない場合の前記水銀収着剤材料の水銀吸収能の70%超である、請求項16に記載の煙道ガススクラビング組成物。
- 予め決められた煙道ガス流量に基づいた予め決められた石灰の注入率および水銀収着剤材料の注入濃度をもたらすために十分な前記水銀収着剤材料と石灰との比をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の煙道ガススクラビング組成物。
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PL2870990T3 (pl) | 2017-09-29 |
EP2670510B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
KR101986270B1 (ko) | 2019-06-05 |
US20110123422A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
AU2011357684A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
AU2011357684B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
CN103313770A (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
CN103313770B (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
US8420561B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
CA2820097C (en) | 2018-07-03 |
MX340227B (es) | 2016-07-01 |
CA3000330A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
EP2870990B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
EP2670510A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
MX2013008784A (es) | 2014-02-06 |
KR20130141591A (ko) | 2013-12-26 |
PL2670510T3 (pl) | 2015-07-31 |
WO2012106007A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
EP2870990A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
BR112013013784A2 (pt) | 2016-09-13 |
JP5923526B2 (ja) | 2016-05-24 |
CA2820097A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
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