JP5626473B2 - リチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5626473B2 JP5626473B2 JP2013526256A JP2013526256A JP5626473B2 JP 5626473 B2 JP5626473 B2 JP 5626473B2 JP 2013526256 A JP2013526256 A JP 2013526256A JP 2013526256 A JP2013526256 A JP 2013526256A JP 5626473 B2 JP5626473 B2 JP 5626473B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- less
- positive electrode
- battery
- lithium
- active material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 77
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 76
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 76
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 43
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 238000009782 nail-penetration test Methods 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Description
Y<−0.0062X+1.05(30≦X<100)…(関係式1)
を満たす。また、開裂弁の作動圧を次の範囲とする。上記放電容量Xが30Ah以上40Ah以下であるときは、作動圧が1.0MPa以上5.0MPa以下であり、上記放電容量Xが40Ahを超え、かつ80Ah以下であるときは、作動圧が1.0MPa以上4.0MPa以下であり、上記放電容量Xが80Ahを超え、かつ100Ah未満であるときは、作動圧が1.0MPa以上3.0MPa以下である。
Li(1+δ)MnxNiyCo(1−x−y−z)MzO2…(化1)
(Mは、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Al、Si、Ga、GeおよびSnよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、−0.15<δ<0.15、0.1<x≦0.5、0.6<x+y+z≦1.0、0≦z≦0.1である。)
Li(1+η)Mn(2−λ)M’λO4…(化2)
(M’は、Mg、Ca、Sr、Al、Ga、ZnおよびCuよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、0≦η≦0.2、0≦λ≦0.1である。)
まず、リチウムイオン電池の概要について簡単に説明する。リチウムイオン電池は、電池容器内に、正極、負極、セパレータおよび内圧低減機構としての開裂弁を有している。正極と負極との間にはセパレータが配置されている。正極、負極およびセパレータは、電極捲回群として捲回された状態で、電池容器内に設けられている。また、電池容器内には、電解液が収容されている。
本実施の形態においては、高容量で高入出力のリチウムイオン電池に適用可能な以下に示す正極を有する。本実施の形態の正極(正極板)は、集電体およびその上部に形成された正極合材(合剤)よりなる。正極合材は、集電体の上部に設けられた少なくとも正極活物質を含む層であり、本実施の形態においては、層状型リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト複合酸化物(NMC)とスピネル型リチウム・マンガン酸化物(sp−Mn、複合酸化物)との混合活物質を含む。この正極合材は、例えば、集電体の両面に形成(塗布)される。
Y<−0.0062X+1.05(但し、30≦X<100)…(関係式1)
Li(1+δ)MnxNiyCo(1−x−y−z)MzO2…(化1)
Li(1+η)Mn(2−λ)M’λO4…(化2)
本実施の形態においては、高容量で高入出力のリチウムイオン電池に適用可能な以下に示す負極を有する。本実施の形態の負極(負極板)は、集電体およびその両面に形成された負極合材(合剤)よりなる。負極合材は、電気化学的にリチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出可能な負極活物質を含有する。
(1)ラマン分光スペクトルで測定される1300〜1400cm−1の範囲にあるピーク強度(ID)とラマン分光スペクトルで測定される1580〜1620cm−1の範囲にあるピーク強度(IG)との強度比であるR値(ID/IG)が、0.2以上0.4以下である。
(2)ラマン分光スペクトルで測定される1300〜1400cm−1の範囲にあるピークの半値幅Δ値が、40cm−1以上100cm−1以下である。
(3)X線回折における(110)面のピーク強度(I(110))と(004)面のピーク強度(I(004))との強度比X値(I(110)/I(004))が0.1以上0.45以下である。
本実施の形態の電解液は、リチウム塩(電解質)と、これを溶解する非水系溶媒から構成される。必要に応じて、添加材を加えてもよい。
セパレータは、正極および負極間を電子的には絶縁しつつもイオン透過性を有し、かつ、正極側における酸化性および負極側における還元性に対する耐性を備えるものであれば特に制限はない。このような特性を満たすセパレータの材料(材質)としては、樹脂、無機物、ガラス繊維等が用いられる。
内圧低減機構は、電池容器の内圧の上昇に応じてガスを放出するものである。本実施の形態では、リチウムイオン電池は、内圧低減機構として、電地付属の弁を開放することで電池内部の圧力上昇を抑制する開裂弁を具備している。
リチウムイオン電池のその他の構成部材として、温度上昇に伴い不活性ガス(例えば、二酸化炭素など)を放出する構成部を設けてもよい。このような構成部を設けることで、電池内部の温度が上昇した場合に、不活性ガスの発生により速やかに開裂弁を開けることができ、安全性を向上させることができる。上記構成部に用いられる材料としては、炭酸リチウムやポリアルキレンカーボネート樹脂等が挙げられる。ポリアルキレンカーボネート樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレンカーボネート、ポリプロピレンカーボネート、ポリ(1,2−ジメチルエチレンカーボネート)、ポリブテンカーボネート、ポリイソブテンカーボネート、ポリペンテンカーボネート、ポリヘキセンカーボネート、ポリシクロペンテンカーボネート、ポリシクロヘキセンカーボネート、ポリシクロヘプテンカーボネート、ポリシクロオクテンカーボネート、ポリリモネンカーボネート等が挙げられる。上記構成部に用いられる材料としては、炭酸リチウム、ポリエチレンカーボネート、ポリプロピレンカーボネートが好ましい。
正極板の作製を以下のように行った。正極活物質である層状型リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト複合酸化物(NMC)とスピネル型リチウム・マンガン酸化物(sp−Mn)とを、所定の活物質の重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)で混合した。この正極活物質の混合物に、導電材として鱗片状の黒鉛(平均粒径:20μm)と、結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデンとを順次添加し、混合することにより正極材料の混合物を得た。重量比は、活物質:導電材:結着材=90:5:5とした。さらに上記混合物に対し、分散溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を添加し、混練することによりスラリーを形成した。このスラリーを正極用の集電体である厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に実質的に均等かつ均質に所定量塗布した。アルミニウム箔は、短辺(幅)が350mmの矩形状であり、片側の長辺に沿って50mmの幅の未塗布部を残した。その後、乾燥処理を施し、所定密度までプレスにより圧密化した。次いで、裁断により、幅350mmの正極板を得た。この際、上記未塗布部に切り欠きを入れ、切り欠き残部をリード片とした。リード片の幅は10mm、隣り合うリード片の間隔は20mmとした。
負極板の作製を以下のように行った。負極活物質として非晶質炭素を用いた。具体的には、呉羽化学工業株式会社製の商品名カーボトロンP(粉末)を用いた。この非晶質炭素に結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを添加した。これらの重量比は、活物質:結着材=92:8とした。これに分散溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を添加し、混練することによりスラリーを形成した。このスラリーを負極用の集電体である厚さ10μmの圧延銅箔の両面に実質的に均等かつ均質に所定量塗布した。圧延銅箔は、短辺(幅)が355mmの矩形状であり、片側の長辺に沿って50mmの幅の未塗布部を残した。その後、乾燥処理を施し、所定密度までプレスにより圧密化した。負極合材密度は1.0g/cm3 とした。次いで、裁断により、幅355mmの負極板を得た。この際、上記未塗布部に切り欠きを入れ、切り欠き残部をリード片とした。リード片の幅は10mm、隣り合うリード片の間隔は20mmとした。
図1にリチウムイオン電池の断面図を示す。上記正極板と上記負極板とを、これらが直接接触しないように厚さ30μmのポリエチレン製のセパレータを挟んで捲回する。このとき、正極板のリード片と負極板のリード片とが、それぞれ捲回群の互いに反対側の両端面に位置するようにする。また、正極板、負極板、セパレータの長さを調整し、捲回群径は65±0.1mmもしくは40±0.1mmとした。
このように作製したリチウムイオン電池の電池特性を、以下に示す方法で評価した。
表1〜表3に示すように活物質の重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)、正極合材密度および正極合材塗布量を変化させた正極合材を作製し、捲回群径40mm、外径42mm、内径41mmの電池を作製した。各電流値(0.5Cおよび3C)における放電容量、電流値0.5Cにおける体積エネルギー密度、出力特性(電流値3Cにおける放電容量/電流値0.5Cにおける放電容量)および安全性(釘刺し試験および外部短絡試験)を評価した。安全性(釘刺し試験および外部短絡試験)として、具体的には、電池容器の破損の有無を確認した。電池容器の破損には、亀裂、膨張や発火を含むものとする。
表4および表5に示すように、活物質の重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)、正極合材密度および正極合材塗布量を変化させた正極合材を作製し、捲回群径65mm、外径67mm、内径66mmの電池を作製した。各電流値(0.5Cおよび3C)における放電容量、電流値0.5Cにおける体積エネルギー密度、出力特性(電流値3Cにおける放電容量/電流値0.5Cにおける放電容量)および安全性(釘刺し試験および外部短絡試験)を評価した。結果を表4および表5に示す。
表6に示すように、活物質の重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)、正極合材密度および正極合材塗布量をそれぞれ、10/90、2.3g/cm3、150g/m2とした正極合材を作製し、捲回群径40mm、外径42mm、内径41mmの電池を作製した。各電流値(0.5Cおよび3C)における放電容量、電流値0.5Cにおける体積エネルギー密度、出力特性(電流値3Cにおける放電容量/電流値0.5Cにおける放電容量)および安全性(釘刺し試験および外部短絡試験)を評価した。結果を表6に示す。
表7に示すように、活物質の重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)、正極合材密度および正極合材塗布量を変化させた正極合材を作製し、捲回群径65mm、外径67mm、内径66mmの電池を作製した。各電流値(0.5Cおよび3C)における放電容量、電流値0.5Cにおける体積エネルギー密度、出力特性(電流値3Cにおける放電容量/電流値0.5Cにおける放電容量)および安全性(釘刺し試験および外部短絡試験)を評価した。結果を表7に示す。
Y=−0.0062X+1.05(30≦X<100)…(関係式2)
Y<−0.0062X+1.05(30≦X<100)…(関係式1)
次に、作製したリチウムイオン電池について、正極合材密度、正極合材塗布量、層状型リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト複合酸化物(NMC)とスピネル型リチウム・マンガン酸化物(sp−Mn)との重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)および開裂弁の作動圧を変化させた電池の放電特性および開裂弁の安全性を評価した。
表8〜表12に示すように、開裂弁の作動圧を1MPaとした場合について、活物質の重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)、正極合材密度および正極合材塗布量を変化させた正極合材を作製し、捲回群径40mmまたは65mm、外径42mmまたは67mm、内径41mmまたは66mmの電池を作製した。各電流値(0.5Cおよび3C)における放電容量、電流値0.5Cにおける体積エネルギー密度、出力特性(電流値3Cにおける放電容量/電流値0.5Cにおける放電容量)、初充電での開裂弁の作動(誤作動)の有無および過充電試験での安全性を評価した。過充電試験での安全性として、開裂弁の作動の有無および電池の外観の変化を確認した。電池の外観の変化として、具体的には、電池容器の破損の有無を確認した。電池容器の破損には、亀裂、膨張や発火を含むものとする。
表13〜表28に示すように、開裂弁の作動圧を2MPa、3MPa、4MPaまたは5MPaとした場合について、活物質の重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)、正極合材密度および正極合材塗布量を変化させた正極合材を作製し、捲回群径40mmまたは65mm、外径42mmまたは67mm、内径41mmまたは66mmの電池を作製した。各電流値(0.5Cおよび3C)における放電容量、電流値0.5Cにおける体積エネルギー密度、出力特性(電流値3Cにおける放電容量/電流値0.5Cにおける放電容量)、初充電での開裂弁の作動(誤作動)の有無および過充電試験での安全性を評価した。結果を表13〜表28に示す。
表29〜表43に示すように、開裂弁の作動圧を0.5MPa、4MPa、5MPaまたは6MPaとした場合について、活物質の重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)、正極合材密度および正極合材塗布量を変化させた正極合材を作製し、捲回群径40mmまたは65mm、外径42mmまたは67mm、内径41mmまたは66mmの電池を作製した。各電流値(0.5Cおよび3C)における放電容量、電流値0.5Cにおける体積エネルギー密度、出力特性(電流値3Cにおける放電容量/電流値0.5Cにおける放電容量)、初充電での開裂弁の作動(誤作動)の有無および過充電試験での安全性を評価した。結果を表29〜表43に示す。
1’ 負極外部端子
2 ナット
3 セラミックワッシャ
3’ セラミックワッシャ
4 電池蓋
5 電池容器
6 捲回群
7 鍔部
8 絶縁被覆
9 リード片
10 開裂弁
11 金属ワッシャ
12 Oリング
13 注液口
20 円筒形リチウムイオン電池
Claims (2)
- (a)電池容器内に設けられ、正極、負極およびセパレータを捲回した電極捲回群と、
(b)前記電池容器内に収容された電解液と、
(c)前記電池容器の内圧の上昇に応じてガスを放出する開裂弁と、
を備え、放電容量が、30Ah以上100Ah未満のリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記正極は、集電体と前記集電体の両面に塗布された正極合材とを有し、
前記正極合材は、層状型リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト複合酸化物(NMC)とスピネル型リチウム・マンガン酸化物(sp−Mn)との混合活物質を含み、
前記正極合材の密度は2.4g/cm3以上2.7g/cm3以下であり、かつ前記正極合材の塗布量は175g/m2以上250g/m2以下であり、前記層状型リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト複合酸化物(NMC)と前記スピネル型リチウム・マンガン酸化物(sp−Mn)との重量比(NMC/sp−Mn)が10/90以上60/40以下であり、
前記放電容量が30Ah以上40Ah以下であるときは、前記開裂弁の作動圧が1.0MPa以上5.0MPa以下であり、
前記放電容量が40Ahを超え、かつ80Ah以下であるときは、前記作動圧が1.0MPa以上4.0MPa以下であり、
前記放電容量が80Ahを超え、かつ100Ah未満であるときは、前記作動圧が1.0MPa以上3.0MPa以下であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池。 - 前記混合活物質が、
以下の組成式(化1)で表される層状型リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト複合酸化物と、
Li(1+δ)MnxNiyCo(1−x−y−z)MzO2…(化1)
(Mは、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Al、Si、Ga、GeおよびSnよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、−0.15<δ<0.15、0.1<x≦0.5、0.6<x+y+z≦1.0、0≦z≦0.1である。)
以下の組成式(化2)で表されるスピネル型リチウム・マンガン酸化物と、
Li(1+η)Mn(2−λ)M’λO4…(化2)
(M’は、Mg、Ca、Sr、Al、Ga、Zn、およびCuよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、0≦η≦0.2、0≦λ≦0.1である。)
の混合物よりなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
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KR101576339B1 (ko) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-12-09 | 신코베덴키 가부시키가이샤 | 리튬 이온 전지 |
JP6350150B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-30 | 2018-07-04 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子 |
JP6477152B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-03-06 | 株式会社デンソー | 正極材料,非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
KR102448302B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-28 | 2022-09-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 복합양극활물질, 이를 채용한 양극과 리튬전지 및 그 제조방법 |
CN111200160B (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-04-27 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种电池 |
CN111200132B (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-05-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种电池 |
JP7030738B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-18 | 2022-03-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極、非水電解質電池、電池パック及び車両 |
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- 2012-08-13 EP EP12854544.9A patent/EP2822081A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-08-13 WO PCT/JP2012/070640 patent/WO2013128674A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-08-13 US US13/994,580 patent/US20140363708A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-13 CN CN2012800056805A patent/CN103403947A/zh active Pending
- 2012-08-13 KR KR1020137018872A patent/KR101533173B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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KR20130143626A (ko) | 2013-12-31 |
KR101533173B1 (ko) | 2015-07-01 |
EP2822081A4 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
US20140363708A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
CN103403947A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
EP2822081A1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
WO2013128674A1 (ja) | 2013-09-06 |
JPWO2013128674A1 (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
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