JP5595272B2 - 樹状酸素捕捉ポリマー - Google Patents
樹状酸素捕捉ポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5595272B2 JP5595272B2 JP2010523044A JP2010523044A JP5595272B2 JP 5595272 B2 JP5595272 B2 JP 5595272B2 JP 2010523044 A JP2010523044 A JP 2010523044A JP 2010523044 A JP2010523044 A JP 2010523044A JP 5595272 B2 JP5595272 B2 JP 5595272B2
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- B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
- B65D81/266—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing gases, e.g. oxygen absorbers or desiccants
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Description
本出願は、2007年8月27日に出願された米国特許仮出願第60/968,201号の利益を主張し、その全文を参考として本明細書に組み込む。
本発明は、酸素捕捉物質に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、包装物品で用いるのに好適な酸素捕捉物質に関する。
更に別の態様では、本発明は、酸素捕捉ポリマー及び/若しくは組成物並びに好適な溶媒を含む溶液又は分散液である。溶液又は分散液は、例えば、包装物品用のコーティングとして適用してもよい。
本発明の上記「課題を解決するための手段」は、開示された各実施形態又は本発明の全ての実施を説明しようとするものではない。以下の説明により、例示的な実施形態をより具体的に例示する。明細書全体にわたっていくつかの箇所で、実施例の一覧を通して指針を提供するが、実施例は各種組み合わせにて使用することが可能である。いずれの場合にも、列挙した一覧は、代表的な群としてのみ役立つものであり、排他的な一覧として解釈されるべきではない。
本明細書で使用するとき、用語「有機基」は、脂肪族基、環状基、又は脂肪族基と環状基との組み合わせ(例えば、アルカリル及びアラルキル基)として分類される、炭化水素基(酸素、窒素、硫黄及びケイ素のような、炭素及び水素以外の任意元素を含む)を意味する。用語「脂肪族基」は、飽和若しくは不飽和である直鎖又は分枝鎖炭化水素基を意味する。この用語は、例えば、アルキル、アルケニル及びアルキニル基を包含するのに使用される。用語「アルキル基」は、例えば、メチル、エチル、イソプロピル、t−ブチル、ヘプチル、ドデシル、オクタデシル、アミル、2−エチルヘキシル等を含む、飽和直鎖又は分枝鎖炭化水素基を意味する。用語「アルケニル基」は、ビニル基のような、1つ以上の炭素−炭素二重結合を有する不飽和の、直鎖又は分枝鎖炭化水素基を意味する。用語「アルキニル基」は、1つ以上の炭素−炭素三重結合を有する不飽和の、直鎖又は分枝鎖炭化水素基を表す。用語「環状基」は、脂環式基又は芳香族基として分類される閉環炭化水素基を意味し、両方ともヘテロ原子を含んでよい。用語「脂環式基」は、脂肪族基の特性と類似する特性を有する環状炭化水素基を意味する。用語「Ar」は、二価アリール基(すなわち、アリーレン基)を指し、これは、フェニレン、ナフチレン、ビフェニレン、フルオレニレン及びインデニルのような閉芳香環又は環系、並びにヘテロアリーレン基(すなわち、環内の1つ以上の原子が炭素以外の元素(例えば、窒素、酸素、硫黄等)である閉環炭化水素)を指す。好適なヘテロアリール基としては、フリル、チエニル、ピリジル、キノリニル、イソキノリニル、インドリル、イソインドリル、トリアゾリル、ピロリル、テトラゾリル、イミダゾリル、ピラゾリル、オキサゾリル、チアゾリル、ベンゾフラニル、ベンゾチオフェニル、カルバゾリル、ベンゾオキサゾリル、ピリミジニル、ベンズイミダゾリル、キノキサリニル、ベンゾチアゾリル、ナフチリジニル、イソキサゾリル、イソチアゾリル、プリニル、キナゾリニル、ピラジニル、1−オキシドピリジル、ピリダジニル、トリアジニル、テトラジニル、オキサジアゾリル、チアジアゾリル等が挙げられる。このような基が二価であるとき、それらは典型的には「ヘテロアリーレン」基(例えば、フリレン、ピリジレン等)を指す。
用語「包装物品」は、本明細書で使用するとき、完成市販形の包装物品、並びに任意の中間段階の両方を含む。予成形品は、プラスチック容器及び他の包装物品用にしばしば形成されるものであるが、このような中間段階の一例である。
用語「好ましい」及び「好ましくは」は、特定の状況下で特定の利点をもたらし得る本発明の実施形態を指す。しかしながら、同じ又は他の状況において、他の実施形態が好まれる可能性もある。更に、1つ以上の好ましい実施形態の詳細説明は、他の実施形態が有用でないことを示すものではなく、本発明の範囲内から他の実施形態を排除することを意図するものではない。
本明細書で使用するとき、「1つの(a)」、「1つの(an)」、「その(the)」、「少なくとも1つ」及び「1つ以上」は同義的に使用される。したがって、例えば、「an」アミンを含むコーティング組成物は、コーティング組成物が「1つ以上の」アミンを含むことを意味すると解釈できる。
例えば、樹状ポリマーの固有粘度は、典型的には、類似の分子量を有する直鎖又は分枝状直鎖ポリマー類似体よりも低い。したがって、例えば、コーティングからのポリマーの移行を最低限に抑える若しくはなくす高分子量ポリマーが一般的に望ましい場合、樹状ポリマーは、食品に接触する包装コーティング、又は組成物で特に有用である場合がある。よって、このような用途における樹状ポリマーの使用により、コーティング又は組成物の粘度を不適に上昇させることなく、高分子量及び/又は高固体濃度を達成することが可能になる。
上述のように、いくつかの実施形態では、樹状ポリマーはデンドリマー又はデンドリマーと1種以上の他の種類の樹状ポリマーとの混合物であってもよい。いくつかのデンドリマーは、高度に分枝状である球形ポリマーであり、特定の実施形態では、繰り返し単位の連続放射状層を有する高度に対称的な構造(「ジェネレーション」と呼ばれることが多い)を有してもよい。「真の」デンドリマー(「数学的」デンドリマーとも呼ばれる)は、正確に定義された再現可能な構造を有する(すなわち、全ての分子が同じ分子量及び構造を有する)。真のデンドリマーは、1に等しい分枝の程度を有する。本発明の目的のために、「真のデンドリマー」は、上述の分子、並びに類似する(smilar)(しかし、正確に定義された再現可能な構造ではない)全体構造及び0.7以上の分枝の程度を有する任意の分子を包含する。
1つの実施形態では、樹状ポリマーは、概略式(I)により表される少なくとも1つの構造単位を有する:
−X−Y−Z
概略式(I)では、
Xは、−Y−Z基を樹状ポリマーの別の部分に連結させる二価有機連結基を表し;
Yは、二価酸素捕捉基を表し;
Zは、水素又は一価有機基を表す。
いくつかの実施形態では、1つ以上のOS基は、例えばポリブタジエンジオールのような、ブタジエン又はポリブタジエン化合物により提供されてもよい。
ビシクロ[x.y.z]アルケン
式(I)では、
xは2以上の値を有する整数であり、
y及びzはそれぞれ1以上の値を有する整数であり、
用語アルケンは所与の二環式分子についてのIUPAC命名法名(例えば、ヘキセン、ヘプテン、ヘプタジエン、オクテン等)を指す。
式(I)により表されるいくつかの好適なOS基の例としては、ビシクロ[2.1.1]ヘキセン、ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプテン(すなわち、ノルボルネン)、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクテン、ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタジエン及びビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタジエンが挙げられる。
A及びBは互いに反応できる反応性官能基であり、
mは1以上の整数であり、好ましくは1であり、
nは2以上の整数であり、好ましくは2又は3であり、
LはAとBとの間の任意の好適な連結基である。
A、B、n及びmは上記の通りであり、
R1及びR2は、独立して、上記Lのものを含む、それぞれA及びB反応性官能基間の任意の好適な原子又は基である。
本発明の別の態様は、酸素捕捉樹状ポリマー又は酸素捕捉樹状ポリマー組成物を含む物品である。瓶(王冠、キャップ及び他のふたを含む)、カップ、ボウル、容器、フィルム、包装紙、ライナ、コーティング、トレー、カートン、テトラブリック、パウチ、及び工業用、商業用、又は住居用バッグが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない物品を成形及び生産してもよい。物品は、酸素捕捉樹状ポリマー及び/若しくは組成物を単独で用いることにより、酸素捕捉樹状ポリマー及び/若しくは組成物と1つ以上の他のポリマーとのブレンドを用いることにより、又は酸素捕捉樹状ポリマー及び/若しくは組成物を含む1層以上の層を組み込んだ多層構成体を用いることにより、成形してもよい。更に、酸素捕捉樹状ポリマー及び/又は組成物を、コーティングとして、裏打ちとして、又は缶、瓶若しくは容器のような別の物品のコーティング若しくは裏打ち用のブレンドの一部として用いてもよい。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、酸素捕捉組成物を、金属、プラスチック、繊維板、又は板紙基材のような基材に適用してもよい。
1つの実施形態では、本発明は単層物品を提供する。単層物品は、全体にわたって実質的に同じ組成で形成される物品である。例えば、物品は酸素捕捉組成物のみを用いて生産してもよく、又は組成物と1つ以上の他のポリマーとのブレンドを用いて生産してもよい。一般に、単層物品は好適に、少なくとも約0.1重量パーセント(「重量%」)、より好ましくは少なくとも約0.5重量%、更により好ましくは少なくとも約1.0重量%の酸素捕捉樹状ポリマーを含む。単層物品は、典型的には、約15重量%未満、より好ましくは約10重量%未満、更により好ましくは約6重量%未満の、1つ以上の酸素捕捉樹状ポリマーを含む。このような物品に含まれる酸素捕捉樹状ポリマーの総量は、他の酸素捕捉材料が含まれる場合それに応じて調節してもよい。
用いられる材料の適合性は、時に多層物品で重要な問題である。材料が適合性ではない場合、層が剥離する場合がある、又は材料が濁って見える若しくは曇って見える場合がある。層剥離は、物品の破損、更なる透明度の低下、物品の強度又は弾性の悪化、機能性の変化をもたらす恐れがあり、また酸素捕捉樹状ポリマー組成物の早過ぎる消耗をもたらす恐れがある。物品の一体性を維持するために層間で使用するのに適切な接着剤又は他の材料が必要な場合があり、これはコストの増加、製造上の課題をもたらす場合があり、再利用に影響を与える恐れがある。それ故、多層物品を生産する場合、層は好ましくは適合性である。例えば、粘度及びTgのような類似の物理的特性を有するポリマーを、酸素捕捉樹状ポリマー及び/又は組成物と併せて用いてもよい。
実施例1:樹状ポリマープレブレンドの調製
ボルトーン(BOLTORN)W3000FA変性ポリオール(以後、「ボルトーンW3000」)を提供し、それは実質的に全ての末端ヒドロキシル基はリノール酸によりエステル化されていた。パーストープ(Perstorp)製品データシート(2004年12月1日付)によると、ボルトーンW3000材料は、9000g/モルの分子量、及び10mg KOH/gの最大酸価を有する。材料は室温(すなわち、25℃)で硬蝋であった。0.34キログラム(kg)のボルトーンW3000材料を、使用前に16時間38℃の高温室に保管することにより融解させた。融解したボルトーンW3000材料を、1.93kgのコサ(Kosa)1101 PETペレットと組み合わせ、得られた混合物を密封した1ガロン(3.8リットル)の缶に入れ、20分間混転して、PETペレットをボルトーンW3000材料で全体をコーティングした。次いで、混合物をZSK25mm、二軸、共回転押出機に送り込み、樹脂混合物を融解混合した。樹脂ブレンドを、約260℃の温度で約2.2kg/時間の速度にて押し出した。押出機を出たら、ブレンドを水浴中で冷却し、ペレット化して、小さく均一なペレットを得た。
2.27kgのコサ(Kosa)1101 PETペレットを、0.11kgのTEN−CEMコバルト触媒(OMGインダストリーズ(OMG Industries)と組み合わせた。混合物を密封した1ガロン(3.8リットル)の缶内で、約20分間混転して、ブレンドを均質化した。次いで、混合物をZSK25mm、二軸、共回転押出機に送り込み、混合物を融解混合した。樹脂ブレンドを、約260℃の温度で約2.2kg/時間の速度にて押し出した。押出機を出たら、ブレンドを水浴中で冷却し、ペレット化して、小さく均一なペレットを得た。
7.5部の実施例1の樹状プレブレンドを、2.5部の実施例2の触媒プレブレンド、及び90部のコサ(Kosa)1101 PETペレットと組み合わせることにより、酸素捕捉組成物を調製した。
28グラムの単層予成形品を、実施例3の組成物から射出成形した。射出成形は、約280℃の温度で、ハスキー(Husky)射出成形ユニットで実施した。得られた予成形品を、その後、およそ0.025cmの平均側壁厚を有する591mL(20オンス)の炭酸清涼飲料(CSD)用瓶に吹き込み成形した。試験前、瓶を窒素下に保管した。
予め乾燥剤乾燥機で乾燥させたおよそ9.1キログラム(20ポンド)のPETを、箔で裏張りしたバッグに密閉して、周囲温度に冷却させた。バックを開け、バッグの内容物に0.7w/w%のボルトーンU3000及び500ppmのネオデカン酸コバルトの形のコバルトを添加した。次いで、バッグに窒素をパージし、密封し、内容物を十分に混合した。得られる混合物をハスキー(Husky)射出成形ユニットの供給口に送り込み、28グラムの単層予成形品を生産した。これらの予成形品を、次いで、実施例4に記載のように吹き込み成形した。
酸素透過速度(OTR)試験を、実施例4及び5のCSD瓶、並びに実施例4及び5の瓶と同じ仕様で調製した標準的なPET(100%コサ1101)について実施した。瓶は、モコン(MOCON)酸素分析機を用いて試験した。試験前に、各瓶の内部を水で24時間調湿し、次いで窒素を吹き込んで乾燥させた。いったん乾燥すると、瓶を黄銅板に接着させ、モコン(モダン・オキシジェン・コントロール・コーポレーション(Modern Oxygen Controls Corporation))Ox−Tran2/61酸素分析機を用いて、酸素透過値(すなわち、OTR)値を試験した。いったんOx−Tran2/61酸素分析機の黄銅板上に実装すると、瓶を100%窒素で12時間パージした。12時間後、瓶の内部雰囲気を、全体の酸素含量及び透過率について分析した。実施例4及び5のCSD瓶について得られた結果(3本の瓶の平均)を収集し、100%PETの対照の結果と比較した。結果を以下の表1に示し、OTR値をcc/pkg/日で報告する。表1の結果は、明らかに、実施例4及び5のCSD瓶が、PET対照瓶より著しく低い酸素透過率を呈したことを示す。
Claims (9)
- 1つ以上の酸素捕捉基を有し、少なくとも0.4の分枝の程度である酸素捕捉樹状ポリマーと、
酸化触媒と、
を含む組成物の1層以上の層を備える物品。 - 前記樹状ポリマーが少なくとも0.7の分枝の程度を有する、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記樹状ポリマーが、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポリオレフィン、ビニルポリマー、ポリイミン、ポリシロキサン、ポリウレタン、ポリチオエーテル、ポリアリールアルキレン、ポリシラン、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルホン、ポリイミド、ポリエステルイミド、ポリエステルアミド、これらの混合物、又はこれらのコポリマーを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の物品。
- 前記樹状ポリマーがポリエステルを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記酸素捕捉基が、少なくとも1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を有する有機基、メタキシレンジアミンの反応生成物である有機基、又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記組成物が熱可塑性組成物を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記物品が包装物品を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 複数の酸素捕捉基を有し、少なくとも0.4の分枝の程度である酸素捕捉樹状ポリマーと、
100〜1,000ppmの、遷移金属、遷移金属の錯体、光開始剤、又はこれらの混合物を含む酸化触媒と、
を含む組成物。 - 酸素捕捉基が、少なくとも1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を有する有機基を含み、樹状ポリマーのヨウ素価が10〜200である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
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US8476400B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
JP2010538117A (ja) | 2010-12-09 |
BRPI0815922A2 (pt) | 2015-02-18 |
US20130264516A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
US20110111951A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
US8871352B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
EP2183313A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
CN104710799A (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
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