JP5573519B2 - lathe - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lathe, and more particularly to a technique for processing chips generated by cutting.

  Chips generated by a lathe cutting process are spirally curled, so that they are easily entangled with tools and workpieces, which is a major factor that hinders lathe automation. Conventionally, with respect to workpiece chips made of a material having low ductility, a certain result has been obtained with respect to prevention of entanglement of the tool and workpiece by cutting the chips using a chip breaker. However, since the chip breaker further breaks and divides the chip by further strengthening the curl of the chip, for example, when the cutting amount is small, the chip is highly flexible and easily curled. Difficult to break with a chip breaker. In addition, it is difficult to sever workpiece chips made of highly ductile materials for the same reason. Therefore, a new measure for highly flexible chips is required.

  Therefore, the present applicant is provided with a chip guide in which an inlet is located in the vicinity of the workpiece contact portion of the tool, and a chip guide path is formed in which the outlet is positioned away from the tool and the workpiece, and taken into the guide path from the inlet. There has been proposed a tool with a chip guide for forcibly discharging chips to the outlet side with a forced discharge fluid (Patent Document 1). When this tool with a chip guide is used, the chip is discharged to a position away from the tool or the work through the guide path, so that the chip can be satisfactorily cut without being entangled with the tool or the work.

JP 2010-120156 A JP-A-4-63608

  According to the technique of Patent Document 1, although the entanglement of chips on the tool or workpiece is eliminated, the chips are discharged from the guide path of the chip guide tool without being divided, and thus there is a problem in the subsequent processing. That is, there is a possibility of adverse effects such as entanglement with other components such as the tailstock and the processing means located near or below the exit of the guide path. In addition, since the chips that have been connected for a long time have a large volume, they are difficult to process even after being discharged outside the machine.

An object of the present invention is to provide a lathe capable of preventing continuous chips that are not divided from being entangled with a tool or a workpiece and that can be easily post-processed.
Another object of the present invention is to ensure that chips generated by cutting can be reliably discharged to a position away from the workpiece contact portion of the tool.
Still another object of the present invention is to make it applicable to a turret lathe.

A lathe according to the present invention includes a main shaft that rotatably supports a workpiece, and processing means that moves relative to the rotating workpiece supported by the main shaft to cut the workpiece. The machining means has a moving member provided so as to be movable relative to the spindle and a plurality of tools, and the position of the machining means is changed so that an arbitrary tool of the plurality of tools can be indexed to a predetermined machining position. And a tool-side chip guide means for guiding each of the tools to the moving member in a state in which chips generated during machining are extended to each tool. a moving member side chip guiding means outlet to the inlet of one you matching of the tool-side chip guiding means of the tool located in front Symbol processing position by the member, said tool in the machining position is indexed, Chip cutting means for cutting the chips guided by the moving member side chip guide means is provided.

  According to this configuration, the workpiece supported on the main spindle is cut by the tool supported on the tool post. The tool post provided on the moving member moves relative to the spindle, thereby adjusting the feed of the tool and the cutting depth. Chips generated at the time of cutting are guided to the moving member side in an extended state by the tool-side chip guide means. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the chips from being entangled with the tool or the workpiece. Furthermore, the chip guided by the moving member side chip guide means whose inlet is aligned with the outlet of the tool side chip guide means is cut short by the chip cutting means. Since the chips are in an extended state, the chips are favorably cut by the chip cutting means. By cutting the chips short, the processing of the subsequent chips becomes easy.

  In the present invention, for example, the tool-side chip guide means includes a chip guide path whose inlet is positioned in the vicinity of the workpiece contact portion of the tool and an outlet positioned on the moving member side, and a middle portion of the chip guide path. One end of which is communicated, and a fluid introduction path through which fluid fed from the one end into the chip guide path flows to the outlet side of the chip guide path. A fluid supply path that is aligned with the other end of the fluid introduction path in the tool-side chip guide means of the tool located at a machining position and that communicates with the fluid supply source for forced discharge is provided. Can do.

  With this configuration, when a certain tool is indexed to the machining position, the other end of the fluid introduction path of the tool side chip guide means of the tool communicates with one end of the fluid supply path of the moving member side chip guide means. Is done. Thereby, the forced discharge fluid supplied from the forced discharge fluid supply source is fed into the chip guide path through the fluid supply path and the fluid introduction path, and flows in the chip guide path toward the outlet side. Due to the flow of the forced discharge fluid, chips in the chip guide path are forcibly discharged from the outlet. For this reason, chips can be reliably discharged to a position away from the workpiece contact portion of the tool.

  In the present invention, the moving member can move in a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft and can move in a direction approaching and moving away from the main shaft, and the tool post is parallel to the axis of the main shaft. It may be a turret tool post that can rotate around a pivot axis and has a plurality of the tool mounting portions on the outer periphery.

A lathe according to the present invention includes a main shaft that rotatably supports a workpiece, and a processing unit that moves relative to the rotating workpiece supported by the main shaft to cut the workpiece. A moving member provided to be movable relative to the main shaft and a plurality of tools are mounted, and the moving member is capable of changing its position so that an arbitrary tool of the plurality of tools can be indexed to a predetermined processing position. A tool-side chip guide means for guiding each of the tools to the moving member side in a state in which chips generated during processing are extended, and the moving member is provided with the processing tool. and one moving member side chip guiding means you inlet aligned with the outlet of the tool-side chip guiding means of the tool located in front Symbol machining position by the tool is indexed to position, the moving member side chip Guide Since provided with a chip cutting means for cutting the chips are guided by, chips of a continuous shaped not divided can be prevented that the entangled in the tool and work, and post-processing of the chips is easy.

  The tool side chip guide means has one end communicating with a chip guide path whose inlet is positioned in the vicinity of the workpiece contact portion of the tool and whose outlet is positioned on the side of the moving member, and in the middle of the chip guide path, A fluid introduction path in which fluid fed into the chip guide path from one end flows to the outlet side of the chip guide path, and the moving member side chip guide means has one end positioned at the processing position. Chips generated by cutting when a fluid supply path is provided that is aligned with the other end of the fluid introduction path in the tool side chip guide means of the tool and the other end communicates with a forced discharge fluid supply source. Can be reliably discharged to a position away from the contact portion between the tool and the workpiece.

  The moving member can be moved in a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft, and can be moved in a direction approaching and separating from the main shaft, and the tool post can be rotated around a pivot axis parallel to the axis of the main shaft. The present invention can be applied to a turret lathe if the turret tool post is rotatable and has a plurality of the tool mounting portions on the outer peripheral portion.

It is a partially broken front view of the lathe concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a partially broken side view of the lathe. It is a front view which shows roughly the switch communication type chip guide means and chip cutting means for an upper process means. It is a top view which shows schematically the switching communication type chip guide means and chip cutting means. (A) is a side view schematically showing the switching communication type chip guide means and chip cutting means, and (B) is an enlarged side view of a rotary cutter. It is a perspective view of the tool side chip guide means of the switching communication type chip guide means.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partially broken front view of this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a partially broken side view thereof. In this lathe, a main shaft 2 extending in the left-right direction in a front view is installed on a bed 1 so as to be rotatable through a main shaft base 3, and is supported by a core push table 4 on an extension line of an axis O 1 of the main shaft 2. A rotating center 5 is provided. One end of the work W is gripped by a chuck 2 a provided at the tip of the main shaft 2, and the other end is supported by the rotation center 5. The main shaft 2 is rotationally driven via a transmission mechanism 7 by a main shaft motor 6 made of a servo motor or the like.

  A pair of processing means 10 is provided above and below the support position of the workpiece W by the main shaft 2. Each processing means 10 is configured such that a turret-type tool post 13 is movably installed via a feed base 11 and a lifting base 12 which are moving members. The feed table 11 is installed on a horizontal guide 1 a provided on the bed 1 so as to be able to advance and retreat, and the elevator table 12 is installed on a vertical guide 11 a provided on the feed table 11 so as to be raised and lowered. The feed base 11 and the lift base 12 are driven to advance and retreat horizontally and drive up and down by a drive device (not shown) comprising a servo motor and a feed screw mechanism, respectively. As the feed table 11 advances and retreats, the tool table 13 is fed in the axial direction with respect to the workpiece W. Further, the amount of cutting of the tool 14 provided on the tool post 13 with respect to the workpiece W is adjusted by raising and lowering the lifting platform 12.

  The tool post 13 is a turret tool post having a plurality of tool mounting portions 13a on a polygonal outer peripheral portion, and is installed on the lifting platform 12 so as to be turnable around a turning axis O2 parallel to the axis O1 of the main shaft 2. ing. The tool mounting portion 13 a may be a part of the tool rest 13 or may be a tool holder provided separately from the tool rest 13. A tool 14 is mounted on each tool mounting portion 13a. By rotating the tool post 13 around the pivot axis O2 by an index drive mechanism (not shown), an arbitrary tool 14 among the plurality of tools 14 mounted on each tool mounting portion 13a is set at a predetermined processing position P. Be indexed.

  The lathe is entirely covered with a machine body cover 15, and a space in which the headstock 3 and the tool rest 13 are installed in the machine body cover 15 is a machining area Q. The entire bottom surface of the processing region Q is formed in an inclined hopper-shaped portion 16, and a chip conveyor 17 having one end 17 a located below an opening (not shown) portion of the bottom surface of the hopper-shaped portion 16 is provided as a bed. It extends to the rear of the lathe through a space penetrating the front and rear of the lower surface of 1. The front surface of the machining area Q can be opened and closed by an opening / closing door 18 provided on the machine body cover 15, and a loading / unloading assisting mechanism 19 for assisting loading / unloading of the workpiece W with respect to the spindle 2 is provided on the opening / closing door 18. Yes.

  Each processing means 10 is provided with a switching communication type chip guide means 21 and a chip cutting means 22. The switching communication type chip guide means 21 includes a tool side chip guide means 21 a (FIG. 3) provided for each tool 14, and a moving member side chip guide means 21 b (FIG. 3) provided on the lifting platform 12 which is a moving member. And become. The chip cutting means 22 is provided on the lifting platform 12. FIG. 1 shows only the switching communication type chip guide means 21 and the chip cutting means 22 for the upper processing means 10.

  3, 4, and 5 (A) are respectively a front view, a plan view, and a side view schematically showing the switching communication type chip guide means 21 and the chip cutting means 22 for the upper processing means 10. In each of these drawings, only one tool side chip guide means 21a provided in the tool 14 located at the machining position P among the plurality of tool side chip guide means 21a provided for each tool 14 is shown. ing. The tool 14 shown in the figure is a cutting tool including a shank 14a and a tip 14b attached to the tip of the shank 14a.

  As the tool side chip guide means 21a, a chip guide member 23 is mounted on the same surface as the surface of the shank 14a of the tool 14 on which the tip 14b is mounted. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the chip guide member 23 has a block shape with one end tapered, and is attached with one end of the taper positioned in the vicinity of the work contact portion of the tool 14. In the chip guide member 23, a guide member inner portion 24a of the chip guide path 24 is formed. The guide member inner portion 24 a of the chip guide path 24 continues from the inlet 25 opening at the one end of the taper to a surface opposite to the inlet 25. A portion of the guide member inner portion 24a adjacent to the inlet 25 is a groove portion 24aa that opens to face the rake face of the tip 14b. Further, a guide member outer portion 24b is formed following the guide member inner portion 24a, and the tip thereof is used as the outlet 26 of the chip guide path 24. The outlet 26 is located on the lifting platform 12 side. The guide member outer portion 24 b is formed by an inner diameter hole of the pipe material 27 fixed to the chip guide member 23.

  In addition, one end of a fluid introduction path 28 for introducing a forced discharge fluid into the chip guide path 24 is communicated with a middle portion of the guide member inner portion 24 a of the chip guide path 24. A portion of the fluid introduction path 28 that communicates with the chip guide path 24 is directed in a direction in which the forced discharge fluid is sent to the outlet 26 side of the chip guide path 24. The fluid introduction path 28 has a guide member inner portion 28 a formed inside the chip guide member 23, and an inner diameter hole of a pipe material 29 provided between the outer surface of the chip guide member 23 and the outer peripheral surface of the tool post 13. A portion 28b and a tool post inner portion 28c (FIG. 3) formed in the tool post 13 along the radial direction so as to communicate with the pipe inner portion 28b. The tool post 13 has an inner peripheral surface portion that is in sliding contact with the outer peripheral surface of the tool post insertion portion 12a of the hoisting table 12 inserted in the central portion of the tool post 13 so as to be rotatable in a fitted state. The portion 28c continues from the outer peripheral surface of the tool post 13 to the inner peripheral surface portion. In addition, the said tool post insertion part 12a may be called the turret non-rotating part used as a part of tool post 13. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the moving member side chip guide means 21 b of the switching communication type chip guide means 21 includes a chip guide pipe 31 supported by a support member 30 fixed to the lifting platform 12. One end of the chip guide pipe 31 serving as the inlet of the moving member side chip guide means 21b is aligned with the outlet 26 of the chip guide path 24 of the tool side chip guide means 21a provided in the tool 14 at the processing position P. The other end of the chip guide tube 31 is located above the chip cutting means 22. The chip guide path 24 and the chip guide pipe 31 of the tool 14 at the processing position P need to be connected in a sealed state, and it is desirable to provide a sealing connection means (not shown) for that purpose.

  Moreover, the moving member side chip guide means 21 b includes a fluid supply path 32 that is continuous with the tool post inner portion 28 c of the fluid introduction path 28. The fluid supply path 32 is provided inside the lifting platform 12, and one end is open to the outer peripheral surface of the tool post insertion portion 12a. The circumferential position of the opening end of the fluid supply path 32 is a position that is aligned with the tool post inner portion 28c of the fluid introduction path 28 of the tool 14 at the machining position P. The other end of the fluid supply path 32 is in communication with a forced discharge fluid supply source 33. The forced discharge fluid is, for example, air.

  The chip cutting unit 22 is a unit that is supported by the support member 30 and is provided below the tip of the chip guide tube 31 and cuts the chip guided by the switching communication type chip guide unit 21 short. The chip cutting means 22 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is a blade rotation type, and a pair of cutter shafts 41A and 41B parallel to the frame 40 are rotatably supported in a horizontal posture, and each cutter shaft 41A and 41B is supported. A plurality of rotary cutters 42 are attached with their positions alternately shifted in the axial direction. As shown in FIG. 5B, the rotary cutter 42 has a plurality of blade portions 42b formed on the outer periphery of a disc-shaped portion 42a. One cutter shaft 42A is connected to one end of a rotary shaft (not shown) of a rotary drive source 43 such as a motor, and the cutter shafts 42A and 42B are mutually connected by a pair of gears 44A and 44B attached to the other end side. It is connected so that it can be transmitted.

  When the rotation drive source 43 is driven, the pair of cutter shafts 42A and 42B rotate in directions opposite to each other. When cutting chips, the cutter shafts 42A and 42B are rotated so that the blade portion 42b of the rotary cutter 42 moves downward between the pair of cutter shafts 42A and 42B. Thereby, the chip 45 discharged from the chip guide tube 31 is cut by being engaged and crushed by the rotary cutters 42 of the cutter shafts 42A and 42B.

  The switching communication type chip guide means 21 and the chip cutting means 22 for the lower processing means 10 have the same configuration as described above. The forced discharge fluid supply source 33 of the chip guide means 21 may be shared by the upper processing means 10 and the lower processing means 10.

  This lathe cuts a workpiece W supported rotatably on the spindle 2 with a tool 14 supported on a tool post 13. Chip 45 generated at the time of cutting is sucked into chip guide path 24 from inlet 25 located in the vicinity of the workpiece contact portion of tool 14 and is extended and guided to the side away from the workpiece contact portion. Is done. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the chips 45 from being entangled with the tool 14 or the workpiece W. The forced discharge fluid supplied from the forced discharge fluid supply source 33 is blown into the chip guide path 24 toward the outlet 26, so that the chips 45 are sucked into the chip guide path 24 by the negative pressure.

  The chips 45 sucked into the chip guide path 24 are sent together with the forced discharge fluid and are forcibly discharged from the outlet 26. Further, the chips 45 are discharged above the chip cutting means 22 through the chip guide pipe 31 whose one end is aligned with the outlet 26 of the chip guide path 24, and are cut short by the chip cutting means 22. Since the chip 45 is in an extended state, the cutting of the chip 45 by the chip cutting means 22 is favorably performed.

  The cut chips 45 a fall below the chip cutting means 22. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the chips 45 from being entangled with the core push table 4 or the processing means 10 in the processing region Q. The cut chips 45 a are received by the hopper-like portion 16 formed on the bottom surface of the processing region Q, and are further guided onto one end 17 a of the chip conveyor 17 from the opening on the bottom surface of the hopper-like portion 16. Then, it is discharged out of the machine by this chip conveyor 17. Since the chips 45 are finely cut, subsequent processing is easy.

2 ... Spindle 10 ... Processing means 11 ... Feed base (moving member)
12 ... Elevator (moving member)
13 ... Tool post 13a ... Tool mounting portion 14 ... Tool 21 ... Switching communication type chip guide means 21a ... Tool side chip guide means 21b ... Moving member side chip guide means 22 ... Chip cutting means 24 ... Chip guide path 25 ... Inlet 26 ... Outlet 28 ... Fluid introduction path 32 ... Fluid supply path 33 ... Forced discharge fluid supply source 45 ... Chip O1 ... Spindle axis O2 ... Turning axis P ... Machining position Q ... Machining area W ... Workpiece

Claims (3)

A spindle that rotatably supports the workpiece, and a processing means that moves relative to the workpiece that is supported by the spindle and rotates to cut the workpiece;
This processing means
The moving member provided so as to be movable relative to the spindle and a plurality of tools are mounted, and the position is movable so that an arbitrary tool of the plurality of tools can be indexed to a predetermined processing position. A tool post provided on the member,
Each tool is provided with tool-side chip guide means for guiding chips generated during machining to the moving member side in an extended state, and the tool is indexed at the machining position by the tool. chips for cutting the one moving member side chip guide means inlet to the outlet of the tool-side chip guiding means of the tool located in the serial machining position you matching, the chips are guided by the movable member side chip guide means Cutting means,
lathe.   The tool side chip guide means has one end communicating with a chip guide path whose inlet is positioned in the vicinity of the workpiece contact portion of the tool and whose outlet is positioned on the side of the moving member, and in the middle of the chip guide path, A fluid introduction path in which fluid fed into the chip guide path from one end flows to the outlet side of the chip guide path, and the moving member side chip guide means has one end positioned at the processing position. The lathe according to claim 1, further comprising a fluid supply path that is aligned with the other end of the fluid introduction path in the tool-side chip guide means of the tool, and the other end communicates with a forced discharge fluid supply source.   The moving member can move in a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft and can move in a direction approaching and moving away from the main shaft, and the tool post can rotate around a pivot axis parallel to the axis of the main shaft. The lathe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lathe is a turret tool post that is rotatable around the outer peripheral portion and has a plurality of the tool mounting portions.

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