JP5555227B2 - オレフィン重合用の触媒系 - Google Patents
オレフィン重合用の触媒系 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5555227B2 JP5555227B2 JP2011512945A JP2011512945A JP5555227B2 JP 5555227 B2 JP5555227 B2 JP 5555227B2 JP 2011512945 A JP2011512945 A JP 2011512945A JP 2011512945 A JP2011512945 A JP 2011512945A JP 5555227 B2 JP5555227 B2 JP 5555227B2
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- catalyst
- polymerization
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- ethylene
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 7
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 alkyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- UNFUYWDGSFDHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochlorocyclohexane Chemical class ClC1CCCCC1 UNFUYWDGSFDHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical class [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000037048 polymerization activity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BSPCSKHALVHRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCC(C)Cl BSPCSKHALVHRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- NAMYKGVDVNBCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromopropane Chemical compound CC(C)Br NAMYKGVDVNBCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDTCXABJQNJPCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorocyclopentane Chemical compound ClC1CCCC1 NDTCXABJQNJPCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisobutyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)C MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001862 ultra low molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVISMSJCKCDOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dichlorohexane Chemical compound ClCCCCCCCl OVISMSJCKCDOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLVFKOKELQSXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)CBr HLVFKOKELQSXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromobutane Chemical compound CCCCBr MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopropane Chemical compound CCCBr CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCCCCl VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPSXAPQYNGXVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobutane Chemical compound CCC(C)Br UPSXAPQYNGXVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004708 Very-low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002083 X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007630 basic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQMRIBYCTLBDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M bis(2-methylpropyl)alumanylium;chloride Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](Cl)CC(C)C HQMRIBYCTLBDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;[oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].O=BOB([O-])OB([O-])OB=O PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001198 elastomeric copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013728 elastomeric terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl bromide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Br RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Cl NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/642—Component covered by group C08F4/64 with an organo-aluminium compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/647—Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound
- C08F4/649—Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/647—Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound
- C08F4/649—Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound organic
- C08F4/6493—Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound organic containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Description
好ましくは、成分(A)及び(C)は、2.5より高く、好ましくは3より高く、より好ましくは3.5より高い(C)と(A)中に含まれるTi原子との間のモル比を与えるような量で用いる。気相重合においては、特に好ましい範囲は3〜10、より好ましくは3.5より高く7以下である。
好ましい形態においては、本発明の触媒成分は、好ましくは二塩化マグネシウム、より好ましくは活性形態の二塩化マグネシウムである塩化マグネシウム上に担持されている少なくとも1つのTi−ハロゲン結合を有するTi化合物を含む。本出願の関係においては、塩化マグネシウムという用語は、少なくとも1つの塩化マグネシウム結合を有するマグネシウム化合物を意味する。上述したように、触媒成分にはまた、いずれの場合においてもチタン1モルあたり0.5モルより少なく、好ましくは0.3モルより少ない量のハロゲンとは異なる基を含ませることもできる。
固体成分(A)の粒子は、実質的に球状の形態、及び35〜150μm、好ましくは40〜130μm、より好ましくは50〜130μmの範囲の平均径を有する。実質的に球状の形態を有する粒子とは、より大きい軸とより小さい軸との間の比が1.5以下、好ましくは1.3より低いことを意味する。
上述のエチレンのホモ及びコポリマーに加えて、本発明の触媒は、エチレンと3〜12個の炭素原子を有する1種類以上のα−オレフィンのコポリマーから構成され、80%より高いエチレンから誘導される単位のモル含量を有する極低密度及び超低密度ポリエチレン(VLDPE及びULDPE:0.920g/cm3より低く、0.880g/cm3までの密度を有する);約30〜70%のエチレンから誘導される単位の重量含量を有する、エチレンとプロピレンのエラストマーコポリマー、並びにエチレン及びプロピレン及びより小さな割合のジエンのエラストマーターポリマー;を製造するためにも好適である。
特性は以下の方法にしたがって測定した。
窒素による多孔度及び表面積:
BET法にしたがって測定した(用いた装置はCarlo ErbaによるSORPTOMATIC 1900であった)。
Carlo Erbaによる「多孔度計2000シリーズ」を用いて測定を行った。
多孔度は、加圧下での水銀の吸収によって測定した。この測定のために、水銀貯留槽及び高真空ポンプ(1×10−2mbar)に接続した較正膨張計(直径3mm)CD3(Carlo Erba)を用いた。秤量量の試料を膨張計内に配置した。次に、装置を高真空(<0.1mmHg)下に配置し、これらの条件中に20分間保持した。次に、膨張計を水銀貯留槽に接続し、水銀を、膨張計の10cmの高さに印を付けたレベルに到達するまでゆっくりとその中に流入させた。膨張計を真空ポンプに接続するバルブを閉止し、次に窒素によって水銀圧を徐々に140kg/cm2に上昇させた。圧力の影響下において、水銀が孔に侵入し、材料の多孔度によってレベルが低下した。
MIFフローインデックス:ASTM−D1238、条件F;
MIPフローインデックス:ASTM−D1238、条件P;
嵩密度:DIN−53194。
0.1÷03gの触媒及び3gのメタホウ酸/テトラホウ酸リチウムの1/1混合物を「流動(fluxy)白金ルツボ」内で分析的に秤量することによって試料を調製した。燃焼工程のためにルツボを弱いブンセンバーナーの炎の上に配置し、次に数滴のKI溶液を加えた後に、完全燃焼のための特殊な装置である「Claisse Fluxy」内に挿入した。5%v/vのHNO3溶液を用いて残渣を回収し、次に以下の波長:マグネシウム:279.08nm;チタン:368.52nm;アルミニウム:394.40nm;においてICPによって分析した。
OR基の測定:ガスクロマトグラフィー分析によった。
HDPE重合試験に関する基本手順:
70℃においてN2流下で脱気した1.5Lのステンレススチールオートクレーブ中に、500mLの無水ヘキサン、触媒成分、1.8モルのトリエチルアルミニウム(TEA)、及び報告されている量のハロゲン化炭化水素化合物(C)を導入した。混合物を撹拌し、75℃に加熱し、その後、3barのH2及び7barのエチレンを供給した。重合を2時間継続した。エチレンを供給して圧力を一定に保持した。終了時において、反応器を減圧し、かくして回収されたポリマーを、真空下70℃において乾燥した。
固体成分(A)の製造:
USP 4,399,054の実施例2に記載の方法にしたがい、しかしながら10000RPMに代えて2000RPMで操作して、約3モルのアルコールを含む塩化マグネシウムとアルコールの付加体を調製した。付加体を、窒素流下、50〜150℃の温度範囲にわたって、25%のアルコールの重量含量に達するまで熱処理にかけた。
実施例12〜17、19、参考例18、20、及び比較例2
実施例1に記載のようにして調製した触媒成分(A)を、一般的な重合手順にしたがって行うエチレンの重合において用いた。相違点は、エチレン圧が3barであり、水素圧が9barであった点であった。他の具体的な条件及び結果を表2に報告する。
スターラーを備えた260cm3のガラス反応器中に、351.5cm3のヘキサンを20℃において、及び撹拌しながら実施例1において記載のようにして調製した7gの触媒成分を20℃において導入した。内部温度を一定に保持しながら、ヘキサン中の5.6cm3のトリ−n−オクチルアルミニウム(TNOA)(約370g/L)を反応器中にゆっくりと導入し、温度を10℃にした。10分間撹拌した後、4時間の間に同じ温度において10gのプロピレンを反応器中に注意深く導入した。反応器内のプロピレンの消費を監視し、触媒1gあたり1gのポリマーの理論転化率に達したとみなされたら重合を停止した。次に、全内容物を濾過し、20℃の温度においてヘキサンで3回(50g/L)洗浄した。乾燥した後、得られた予備重合触媒(A)を分析したところ、触媒1gあたり1.1gのポリプロピレン及び2.6重量%のチタン原子を含んでいることが分かった。
ガス循環システム、サイクロン、熱交換器、温度及び圧力制御システム、エチレン、プロパン、及び水素用の供給ラインを備えた200mmの内径を有するステンレススチール流動床反応器を用いた。120℃において窒素で12時間フラッシュすることによって気相反応器を清浄化した。次に、反応器をプロパンで加圧し、75℃まで加熱した。次に、次のガス組成を設定した:13.6barのプロパン;1.9barのエチレン;9.5barの水素。次に、予備重合触媒(1g/時)、表3において触媒あたりで示されている量のTIBA/TEA(モル比2:1の混合物)、及び表3においてTi原子あたりで示されている量のCPCLを、撹拌予備接触容器を介して、希釈剤としてプロパンと共に連続的に反応器に投入した。予備接触容器内での滞留時間は60分であった。反応器内で定常状態に達したら、反応器から5kg/時のポリエチレンを排出した。反応器内の滞留量を15kgに制御し、反応器内で3時間の滞留を与えた。排出されたポリマーを、窒素でフラッシュすることによって連続的に乾燥した。結果を表3に報告する。
Claims (5)
- (A)Ti、Mg、ハロゲンを含み、少なくとも0.3cm3/gの、水銀法によって測定される1μm以下の半径を有する孔による多孔度(PF)を有する固体触媒成分;(B)アルミニウムアルキル化合物;及び(C)ハロゲンが第2級炭素原子に結合しているモノハロゲン化炭化水素;を含む、オレフィンを重合するための気相プロセス用の触媒系。
- 化合物(C)が、塩化i−プロピル、塩化s−ブチル、塩化シクロペンチル、塩化シクロヘキシル、臭化i−プロピル、および臭化s−ブチルからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の触媒系。
- 触媒成分(A)が水銀法によって測定して0.40cm3/gより高い多孔度PFを有する、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒系。
- 化合物(C)を、3より高い(B)/(C)のモル比を有するような量で用いる、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の触媒系。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の触媒系の存在下で行う、エチレンの気相(共)重合方法。
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EP2607386A1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Pre-polymerized catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins |
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EA026852B1 (ru) * | 2014-11-12 | 2017-05-31 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Ника-Петротэк" | Модифицированный титан-магниевый нанокатализатор синтеза (со)полимеров альфа-олефинов со сверхвысокой молекулярной массой и способ его получения |
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IT1098272B (it) * | 1978-08-22 | 1985-09-07 | Montedison Spa | Componenti,di catalizzatori e catalizzatori per la polimerizzazione delle alfa-olefine |
FI80055C (fi) * | 1986-06-09 | 1990-04-10 | Neste Oy | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av katalytkomponenter foer polymerisation av olefiner. |
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