JP5551871B2 - マイクロチャネル技術を用いる触媒反応プロセス - Google Patents
マイクロチャネル技術を用いる触媒反応プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5551871B2 JP5551871B2 JP2008520342A JP2008520342A JP5551871B2 JP 5551871 B2 JP5551871 B2 JP 5551871B2 JP 2008520342 A JP2008520342 A JP 2008520342A JP 2008520342 A JP2008520342 A JP 2008520342A JP 5551871 B2 JP5551871 B2 JP 5551871B2
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Description
Press)、米国、第3版(1996年8月1日)による「対流沸騰および凝縮」である。
CoM1 aM2 bOx
で表される少なくとも1つの組成を含む。式中、M1は、Fe、Ni、Ru、Re、Osまたはそれらの混合物であってよい。一実施態様では、M1は、RuまたはReまたはそれらの混合物であってよい。M2は、Li、B、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Sc、Y、La、Ac、Zr、La、Ac、Ce、Thまたはそれらの2つ以上の混合物であってよい。一実施態様では、M2は、Na、Kまたはそれらの混合物であってよい。aは、ゼロから約0.5、一実施態様ではゼロから約0.2の範囲の数である。bは、ゼロから約0.5、一実施態様ではゼロから約0.1の範囲の数である。xは、存在する元素の原子価要件を満たすために必要な酸素の数である。M1を助触媒と呼んでよく、M2を促進剤と呼んでよい。
Synthesis and Use of Cobalt Based Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts)」、アプライド・カタリシスA 全般(Applied Catalysis A: General)、161巻、59〜78頁、1997年)。
Claims (26)
- 少なくとも1つの液体反応体と少なくとも1つの気体反応体との間、または一つ以上の液体生成物を生成するために反応する複数の気体反応体の間であって、反応体の一つはH2を含む前記反応体の間の化学反応を少なくとも1つの触媒を含むプロセスマイクロチャネルの中で行うためのプロセスであって、前記触媒は、固体粒子の形状の固相触媒を含み、前記プロセスマイクロチャネルは、1つ以上の内部障害物を含むプロセス処理区域と、前記触媒を含む反応区域とを含み、
前記少なくとも1つの液体反応体と前記少なくとも1つの気体反応体とを含むまたは前記複数の気体反応体を含む反応体混合物を形成させる工程、
前記反応体混合物を前記プロセス処理区域の中に流して前記1つ以上の内部障害物と接触させ、前記反応体混合物の局所速度を増加させる工程、
前記反応体混合物を、前記反応区域の中に流し、前記触媒と接触させる工程、および
前記反応体を反応させて、少なくとも1つの生成物であって、1つ以上の炭化水素を含む生成物を生成させる工程、
を含むプロセス。 - 前記1つ以上の内部障害物は、前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの1つ以上の内壁の中に形成されるおよび/または前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの1つ以上の内壁から突き出ている1つ以上の表面構成要素を含む請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記反応区域の中の前記反応体混合物の前記空塔速度は、少なくとも0.01m/sである、請求項1か2のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセス処理区域と前記反応区域との間に1つ以上の分流区域が配置され、各分流区域は、前記反応体混合物の流れを2つ以上のより小さい流れに分流する、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒の上に液膜層があり、前記液膜層は、10nmから100ミクロンの範囲の厚さを有する、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの液体反応体は、0.01から1000センチポイズの範囲の粘度を有し、前記少なくとも1つの気体反応体は、0.001から0.1センチポイズの範囲の粘度を有し、または前記少なくとも1つの生成物は、0.01から1000センチポイズの範囲の粘度を有する、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスマイクロチャネルは、15cmから15mの範囲の長さを有する、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスマイクロチャネルと発熱源および/または吸熱源との間で熱が交換され、前記発熱源および/または吸熱源は、少なくとも1つの熱交換チャネルを含み、前記熱交換チャネルは、マイクロチャネルを含む、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの液体反応体と前記少なくとも1つの気体反応体とは、前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの上流および/または前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの中で混合される、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスマイクロチャネルはマイクロチャネル反応器の中にあり、前記マイクロチャネル反応器は原料流ヘッダを含み、前記少なくとも1つの液体反応体と前記少なくとも1つの気体反応体とは前記原料流ヘッダの中で混合される、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスマイクロチャネルは、少なくとも1つの側壁と、前記側壁の中にある少なくとも1つの開口区間とを有し、前記少なくとも1つの気体反応体は、前記開口区間を通って前記プロセスマイクロチャネルに流入する、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記熱交換チャネルの中に熱交換流体があり、前記熱交換流体は、前記熱交換チャネルの中で相変化する、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記熱交換チャネルの中で吸熱プロセスが実行される、または前記熱交換チャネルの中で発熱プロセスが実行される、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記発熱源および/または吸熱源と前記プロセスマイクロチャネルとの間の熱流束は、前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの表面積の平方センチメートルあたり0.01から500ワットの範囲にある、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記化学反応は、フィッシャー−トロプシュ合成反応、水素化分解反応、水素化反応、水素化処理反応、またはそれらの2つ以上の組み合わせである、請求項1から14のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 少なくとも1つの第1の反応体と少なくとも1つの第2の反応体との間の化学反応を少なくとも1つの触媒を含むプロセスマイクロチャネルの中で実行するためのプロセスであって、前記触媒は、固体粒子の形状の固体触媒を含み、前記触媒は、前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの中の反応区域の中に配置され、前記プロセスマイクロチャネルは、前記反応区域の上流にある第1の開放断面積を有する少なくとも1つの第1のプロセス処理区域と、前記反応区域の中および/または前記反応区域と前記第1のプロセス処理区域との間にある第2の開放断面積を有する少なくとも1つの第2のプロセス処理区域とを含み、前記第2の開放断面積は前記第1の開放断面積より小さく、
前記反応体の少なくとも1つを、前記第1のプロセス処理区域を通して流した後、前記第2のプロセス処理区域を通して前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの中に流す工程であって、前記反応体は、少なくとも1つの液体と少なくとも1つの気体、または少なくとも1つの液体生成物を生成する2つ以上の気体を含み、前記少なくとも1つの反応体の局所速度は、前記少なくとも1つの反応体が前記第1のプロセス処理区域から前記第2のプロセス処理区域へ流れ、これを通って流れるとき増加する工程、
前記少なくとも1つの触媒を、前記少なくとも1つの第1の反応体および少なくとも1つの第2の反応体と接触させる工程、
前記少なくとも1つの触媒の上に液膜層を形成させる工程、
前記少なくとも1つの第1の反応体と前記少なくとも1つの第2の反応体とを反応させて少なくとも1つの生成物を生成させる工程、
を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記少なくとも1つの反応体は、液体を含み、前記第1のプロセス処理区域の中の前記液体の前記局所速度は、0.01から100m/sの範囲にある、または前記少なくとも1つの反応体は、気体を含み、前記第1のプロセス処理区域の中の前記気体の前記局所速度は、0.1から250m/sの範囲にある、または前記少なくとも1つの反応体は、液体を含み、前記第2のプロセス処理区域の中の前記液体の前記局所速度は、0.01から200m/sの範囲にある、または前記少なくとも1つの反応体は、気体を含み、前記第2のプロセス処理区域の中の前記気体の前記局所速度は、0.1から500m/sの範囲にある、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの反応体は、液体を含み、前記第1のプロセス処理区域の中の前記液体の前記局所速度に対する前記第2のプロセス処理区域の中の前記液体の前記局所速度の比は、1.2から100の範囲にある、または前記少なくとも1つの反応体は、気体を含み、前記第1のプロセス処理区域の中の前記気体の前記局所速度に対する前記第2のプロセス処理区域の中の前記気体の前記局所速度の比は、1.2から100の範囲にある、請求項16または17に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2の開放断面積に対する前記第1の開放断面積の比は、1.2から25の範囲にある、請求項16から18のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2のプロセス処理区域は、前記反応区域の上流にある、または前記反応区域は、前記第2のプロセス処理区域を含む、請求項16から19のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスマイクロチャネルは、2つ以上の側壁を含み、前記2つ以上の側壁は、前記第1のプロセス処理区域から前記第2のプロセス処理区域へ向うにつれて互いに接近し、前記第1のプロセス処理区域の中の前記開放断面積より小さな前記第2のプロセス処理区域の中の開放断面積を提供する、請求項16から20のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2のプロセス処理区域は、前記第1のプロセス処理区域の前記開放断面積より小さな開放断面積を前記第2のプロセス処理区域に提供する1つ以上の内部障害物を含み、前記内部障害物は、球状の物体および/または表面構成要素、または前記触媒を含む、請求項16から21のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスマイクロチャネルは、前記反応区域の下流に少なくとも1つの追加の区域をさらに含み、前記少なくとも1つの追加の区域は、前記反応区域の前記断面積より大きな断面積を有する、請求項16から22のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2の反応体は、前記反応区域の中で前記第1の反応体と混合される、または前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの中に混合区域があり、前記混合区域は、前記反応区域の上流にあり、前記第2の反応体は、前記混合区域の中で前記第1の反応体と混合される、または前記混合区域の中で前記第2の反応体の一部が前記第1の反応体と混合され、前記反応区域の中で前記第2の反応体の一部が前記第1の反応体と接触する、請求項16から23のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 少なくとも1つのフィッシャー−トロプシュ合成触媒を含むプロセスマイクロチャネルの中でフィッシャー−トロプシュ合成反応を行うためのプロセスであって、前記触媒は、固体粒子の形状の固相触媒を含み、
H2とCOとを含む反応体をプロセスマイクロチャネルの中に流す工程であって、前記反応体の入り口空塔速度は、少なくとも0.1m/sである工程、
前記フィッシャー−トロプシュ合成触媒を前記反応体と接触させる工程、および
前記反応体を前記触媒の存在下で反応させて少なくとも1つの生成物を生成させる工程、
を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - プロセスマイクロチャネルの中で化学反応を行うためのプロセスであって、前記プロセスマイクロチャネルは、少なくとも1つの触媒を含み、前記触媒は、固体粒子の形状の固相触媒を含み、
反応体を前記プロセスマイクロチャネルの中に流す工程であって、前記反応体は、液体と気体、または、反応して液体生成物を生成する複数の気体反応体を含み、前記気体反応体の前記入り口空塔速度は、少なくとも0.1m/sである工程、
前記少なくとも1つの触媒を前記反応体と接触させる工程、および
前記反応体を前記触媒の存在下で反応させて少なくとも1つの生成物を生成させる工程であって、前記生成物は、2つ以上の炭化水素の混合物を含む工程、
を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
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US7935734B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 |
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