JP5547229B2 - 小型ガス液化装置 - Google Patents
小型ガス液化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5547229B2 JP5547229B2 JP2012107646A JP2012107646A JP5547229B2 JP 5547229 B2 JP5547229 B2 JP 5547229B2 JP 2012107646 A JP2012107646 A JP 2012107646A JP 2012107646 A JP2012107646 A JP 2012107646A JP 5547229 B2 JP5547229 B2 JP 5547229B2
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 97
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 70
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001034 Frostbite Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
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- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
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- F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
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- F25J2270/91—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration using pulse tube refrigeration
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Description
Claims (14)
- ガスの液化のための装置であって、
精製ガスが液化され捕集される断熱領域と、
前記断熱領域の外部にある第1部分及び前記断熱領域の内部にある第2部分を備えると共に、精製ガス流を前記第1部分から前記第2部分のガス供給管に供給するガス供給システムと、
前記断熱領域の外部にある温部分及び前記断熱領域の内部にある冷部分を備えると共に、前記冷部分が前記精製ガス流を冷却するために前記ガス供給システムの前記第2部分と熱交換する極低温冷却器と、
前記断熱領域の内部にある入力端及び前記断熱領域の外部にある出力端を備える取り出し管とを含み、
前記ガス供給システムの前記第1部分は、前記精製ガス流を大気圧以上の高圧にするべく前記ガスを圧縮するための圧縮機を含み、
前記極低温冷却器の前記冷部分は、大気圧下での前記ガスの沸点より高くかつ前記高圧下での前記ガスの沸点より低い最低温度を有し、
前記ガス供給システムの前記第2部分は、前記圧力を前記高圧から大気圧へと低下させ、前記精製ガス流の一部を蒸発させるようにして前記精製ガス流の留分を大気圧下での前記ガスの沸点に冷却する流量制限器、及び前記ガス供給管の低温端に接続した温パージ管を含み、
前記ガス供給システムの前記第1部分は、前記温パージ管に入る温ガスの流れを制御するパージ弁と、前記温ガスが前記ガス供給管を上方へと通過して流れ、排気されることを許可する3方向弁とを含むことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記極低温冷却器は、パルスチューブ極低温冷却器であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記極低温冷却器は、複数成分混合冷媒を用いた閉サイクル、カスケード、絞り膨張冷却サイクル極低温冷却器であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記極低温冷却器の前記冷部分は、第1熱交換器と第2熱交換器とを備えた対向流式熱交換器を含み、
前記ガス供給システムの前記第2部分は、前記対向流式熱交換器と熱交換する熱交換器部分を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記ガス供給システムの前記第1部分は、圧縮ガスが前記断熱領域に流れ込むことを許可する取り出し弁と、前記ガスが前記断熱領域に入る前に前記ガスの圧力を低下させる圧力調整器とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記取り出し弁に接続したキーロックを更に含み、
前記キーロックは、ロックされているときに前記取り出し弁が開くことを防止し、ユーザーキーによってアンロックされているときに前記取り出し弁を開くようにすることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の装置。 - 前記取り出し弁に接続した近接センサを更に含み、
前記近接センサは、取り出しデュワーが検出されていない時に前記取り出し弁が開くことを防止し、取り出しデュワーが検出されている時に前記取り出し弁が開くようにすることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の装置。 - 液化ガスの製造方法であって、
精製ガスを製造するために、ガス供給システムの第1部分でガスを精製し、
凝縮ガスを製造するために、前記ガス供給システムの第2部分で前記精製ガスを冷却し、
断熱領域で前記凝縮ガスを捕集し、
前記凝縮ガスを前記断熱領域から取り出し管を通して取り出し、
前記ガスの冷却は、大気圧下での前記ガスの沸点より高く、かつ高圧下での前記ガスの沸点より低い最低温度を有する極低温冷却器を用いて前記精製ガスの温度を低下させることを含み、
更に、前記方法は、前記精製ガスが大気圧以上の圧力となるように前記ガスを圧縮することをさらに含み、
前記凝縮ガスの一部を蒸発させて前記凝縮ガスの留分を大気圧下での前記ガスの沸点に冷却するために前記凝縮ガスを大気圧まで膨張させ、
更に、前記方法は、
前記精製ガスが温パージ管を通過して流れることを許可するパージ弁を断続的に開放することと、
前記温ガスを前記温パージ管から上方へガス供給管の低温端を通して送ることと、
前記温ガスを前記ガス供給管から外部へと3方向弁を通して排気することとを含むことを特徴とする製造方法。 - 前記極低温冷却器は、パルスチューブ極低温冷却器であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記極低温冷却器は、複数成分混合冷媒を用いた閉サイクル、カスケード、絞り膨張冷却サイクル極低温冷却器であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記極低温冷却器は、対向流式熱交換器であり、前記精製ガスの温度を低下させることは、前記精製ガスを前記対向流式熱交換器と熱交換させることを含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記凝縮ガスの取り出しは、
ガスが断熱領域の内部へと流れることを許可する取り出し弁を開放する過程と、
前記ガスが前記断熱領域に入る前に前記ガスの圧力を低下させる過程とを含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。 - 前記凝縮ガスの取り出しは、
取り出し可能とするためにユーザーキーを要求することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。 - 前記凝縮ガスの取り出しは、
取り出しデュワーの近接を検出する過程と、
取り出しを可能とするために取り出しデュワーの存在の検出を要求する過程とを含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。
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