JP5546291B2 - W/o/w型ピッケリングエマルション及びその調製方法 - Google Patents
W/o/w型ピッケリングエマルション及びその調製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5546291B2 JP5546291B2 JP2010047418A JP2010047418A JP5546291B2 JP 5546291 B2 JP5546291 B2 JP 5546291B2 JP 2010047418 A JP2010047418 A JP 2010047418A JP 2010047418 A JP2010047418 A JP 2010047418A JP 5546291 B2 JP5546291 B2 JP 5546291B2
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 52
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- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical group [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N squalane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZHVBANLECCAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(octadecanoyloxy)propyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IZHVBANLECCAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCCCC LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HBTAOSGHCXUEKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-n,n-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 HBTAOSGHCXUEKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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Description
R1:ケイ素原子に直結した炭素数1〜4の有機基又はフェニル基
R2:ケイ素原子に直結した炭素数1〜4の有機基又はフェニル基
X,Y:炭素数1〜4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1〜4のアルコキシ基を有するアルコキシエトキシ基、炭素数2〜4のアシロキシ基、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を有するN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ハロゲン原子又は水素原子
・合成例1{有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)の合成}
反応容器にイオン交換水700gを仕込み、48%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液0.3gを添加して水溶液とした。この水溶液にメチルトリメトキシシラン81.7g(0.6モル)及びテトラエトキシシラン83.2g(0.4モル)を添加し、温度が30℃を超えないように1時間加水分解反応を行ない、更に界面活性剤として10%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液3gを添加し、同温度で3時間加水分解反応を行った。次いで得られた反応物を10時間縮合反応して、有機シリコーン微粒子を含有する水性懸濁液を得た。この水性懸濁液を遠心分離に供し、白色微粒子を分離して有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)の含水物(固形分約40%)を得た。この有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)の含水物を150℃で5時間、熱風乾燥したところ60.1gであった。この熱風乾燥物について、走査型電子顕微鏡による観察、元素分析、ICP発光分光分析、FT−IRスペクトル分析を行ったところ、この有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)は、縦断面で見て内側小劣弧(11)とこれを覆う外側大劣弧(21)と双方の端部間に渡る稜線(31)とで形成された、全体として中空半球状体様を呈し、内側小劣弧(11)の端部間の幅(W1)の平均値が2.64μm、外側大劣弧(21)の端部間の幅(W2)の平均値が3.02μm、且つ外側大劣弧(21)の高さ(H)の平均値が1.53μmの有機シリコーン微粒子であって、化1のシロキサン単位/化2のシロキサン単位=40/60(モル比)の割合で有するポリシロキサン架橋構造体から成るものであった。
有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)と同様に、有機シリコーン微粒子(T−2)及び(T−3)を合成し、測定及び分析等を行った。
反応容器にイオン交換水3950g及び28%アンモニア水50gを仕込み、室温下で10分間撹拌して均一なアンモニア水溶液とした。このアンモニア水溶液に、メチルトリメトキシシラン600g(4.41モル)をアンモニア水溶液中に混ざらないように加え、上層にメチルトリメトキシシラン層、下層にアンモニア水溶液層の2層状態となるようにした。次いで2層状態を保ちながらゆっくり撹拌し、メチルトリメトキシシランとアンモニア水溶液との界面において加水分解及び縮合反応を進行させた。反応の進行に伴い、反応物が徐々に沈降して下層は白濁し、上層のメチルトリメトキシシラン層は徐々に層が薄くなり、約3時間で消失した。更に温度を50〜60℃に保ち、同条件で3時間撹拌を行なった後、25℃に冷却し、懸濁物を濾別して白色微粒子の含水物(t−1)を得た。この含水物を水洗し、150℃で3時間、熱風乾燥を行なって得た乾燥物について実施例1と同様に測定及び分析を行ったところ、平均粒子径が3.0μm球状の有機シリコーン微粒子であった。以上で合成した各例の有機シリコーン微粒子の内容を表1及び表2にまとめて示した。
A/B:化1で示されるシロキサン単位/化2で示されるシロキサン単位(モル比)
S−1:無水ケイ酸単位
S−2:メチルシロキサン単位
S−3:フェニルシロキサン単位
*1:S−2/S−3=55/5(モル比)
C/D:化3で示されるシラノール基形成性化合物/化4で示されるシラノール基形成性化合物(モル比)
SM−1:テトラエトキシシラン
SM−2:メチルトリメトキシシラン
SM−3:フェニルトリメトキシシラン
*2:SM−2/SM−3=55/5(モル比)
A−1:ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム
A−2:ラウリルスルホン酸ナトリウム
N−1:α−ドデシル−ω−ヒドロキシポリ(オキシエチレン)(オキシエチレン単位の数が12)
濃度:加水分解反応系における界面活性剤の濃度(%)
範囲:最大値−最小値
形状:A;粒子全体が中空半球状、B;粒子全体が球状
次の各例のW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルション等を調製し、エマルションの状態及びその安定性を評価した。結果をまとめて表3に示した。
有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)15.0%、n−ドテカン15.0%及び水70.0%となる割合で用いて次のようにW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションを調製した。先ず、有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)100gと、n−ドデカン100gを混合し、ホモジナイザーを用いて暫く攪拌し、油層Aとした。試験管に油層Aを0.3g入れ、続いて水0.7gを加えて、試験管の開口部をゴム栓で塞いだ後、ボルテックスミキサーで暫く攪拌し、W/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションを得た。図2は、かかる実施例1のW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションを示す100倍光学顕微鏡写真である。
有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)15.0%、n−ドテカン25.0%及び水60.0%となる割合で用いて次のようにW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションを調製した。すなわち、有機シリコーン微粒子(T−1)150gと、n−ドデカン250gと、水600gを混合し、ホモミキサーで暫く攪拌して、W/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションを調製した。
実施例1と同様にして、W/O/W型ピッケリングエマルション等を調製し、結果をまとめて表3に示した。
試験区分2で調製した各例のW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルション等に水性染料を0.1%添加し、水相を着色した後、これらを100倍光学顕微鏡写真及び目視で観察し、下記の方法によりエマルションの状態及びその安定性を評価した。結果を表3にまとめて示した。
前記のように100倍光学顕微鏡写真及び目視で観察し、下記の基準で評価した。
4点:完全なW/O/Wの三相構造が確認された。
3点:W/O/Wの三相構造は確認されるが、最内相が若干分離状態になっている。
2点:実質的にO/Wの2相状態になっている。
1点:全く相分離状態になっている。
前記のエマルションの状態の評価において、W/O/Wの三相構造が確認できたものを5℃、25℃、40℃で3か月間保管した後、再びエマルションの状態を100倍光学顕微鏡写真及び目視で観察して、下記の基準で評価した。
4点:最内相のエマルション粒子に変化が無く、相分離が認められない。
3点:最内相のエマルション粒子に若干の減少が見られるが、相分離は認められない。
2点:実質的にO/Wの2相状態になっている。
1点:全く相分離状態になっている。
U−2:球状シリカ微粒子(平均粒子径1μm、扶桑化学工業社製の商品名クォートロンSP−1B)
U−3:金平糖状有機シリコーン微粒子(平均粒子径5μm、モメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ社製の商品名トスパール150KA)
U−4:お椀状ポリメタクリル酸メチル微粒子(粒子径約10μm、松本油脂製薬社製の商品名マツモトマイクロスフェアーM−310)
U−5:球状ポリメタクリル酸メチル微粒子(粒子径4μm、積水化成品工業社製の商品名MB−4C)
U−6:微粉タルク(平均粒子径2.5μm、日本タルク社製の商品名ミクロエースSG−95)
21 外側大劣弧
31 稜線
W1 内側小劣弧の端部間の幅
W2 外側大劣弧の端部間の幅
H 外側大劣弧の高さ
W 水相部分
O 油相部分
Claims (5)
- 内部に水相の粒子を閉じ込めた油相の粒子が水相中に分散した状態のW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションにおいて、油相とその両側の水相との界面に下記の中空半球状有機シリコーン微粒子を50質量%以上含有する有機シリコーン微粒子が局在しており、且つ水相を40〜80質量%、油相を10〜50質量%及び有機シリコーン微粒子を10〜20質量%(合計100質量%)の割合で含有して成ることを特徴とするW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルション。
中空半球状有機シリコーン微粒子:下記の化1で示されるシロキサン単位/下記の化2で示されるシロキサン単位=30/70〜70/30(モル比)の割合で有するポリシロキサン架橋構造体から成る有機シリコーン微粒子であって、縦断面で見て内側小劣弧(11)とこれを覆う外側大劣弧(21)と双方の端部間に渡る稜線(31)とで形成された、全体としては中空半球状体様を呈し、内側小劣弧(11)の端部間の幅(W1)の平均値が0.01〜9.5μm、外側大劣弧(21)の端部間の幅(W2)の平均値が0.05〜10μm、且つ外側大劣弧(21)の高さ(H)の平均値が0.015〜9μmの範囲内にある有機シリコーン微粒子。
R 1 :ケイ素原子に直結した炭素数1〜4の有機基又はフェニル基) - 下記の中空半球状有機シリコーン微粒子を製造する工程と下記のW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションを調製する工程とを経ることを特徴とするW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションの調製方法。
中空半球状有機シリコーン微粒子を製造する工程:下記の化3で示されるシラノール基形成性ケイ素化合物と下記の化4で示されるシラノール基形成性ケイ素化合物とを、化3で示されるシラノール基形成性ケイ素化合物/化4で示されるシラノール基形成性ケイ素化合物=30/70〜70/30(モル比)の割合で用い、これらを触媒存在下で水と接触させて加水分解することによりシラノール化合物を生成させ、引き続き生成させたシラノール化合物を縮合反応させることによって、請求項1記載の中空半球状有機シリコーン微粒子を製造する工程。
W/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションを調製する工程:前記の工程で製造した中空半球状有機シリコーン微粒子を50質量%以上含有する有機シリコーン微粒子であって全体の10〜20質量%となる量の有機シリコーン微粒子と、全体の10〜50質量%となる量の油相の成分と、全体の40〜80質量%(合計で100質量%)となる量の水相の成分とを用いて、これらを同時に撹拌混合するか、又はこれらのうちで有機シリコーン微粒子と油相の成分とを撹拌混合した後に水相の成分を加えて撹拌混合することによって、W/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションを調製する工程。
R2:ケイ素原子に直結した炭素数1〜4の有機基又はフェニル基
X,Y:炭素数1〜4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1〜4のアルコキシ基を有するアルコキシエトキシ基、炭素数2〜4のアシロキシ基、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を有するN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ハロゲン原子又は水素原子) - 中空半球状有機シリコーン微粒子が、化3で示されるシラノール基形成性ケイ素化合物と化4で示されるシラノール基形成性ケイ素化合物とを、触媒の他に、更にノニオン性界面活性剤及び/又はアニオン性界面活性剤を存在させた条件下で水と接触させて製造されるものである請求項2記載のW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションの調製方法。
- ノニオン性界面活性剤及び/又はアニオン性界面活性剤が、オキシアルキレン基としてオキシエチレン基及び/又はオキシプロピレン基を有するα−アルキル−ω−ヒドロキシ(ポリオキシアルキレン)及び炭素数8〜30の有機スルホン酸塩から選ばれる一つ又は二つ以上である請求項3記載のW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションの調製方法。
- 中空半球状有機シリコーン微粒子が、シラノール化合物を縮合反応させた後、pHを8〜10の範囲に調整した水性懸濁液から得られるものである請求項2〜4のいずれか一つの項記載のW/O/W型ピッケリングエマルションの調製方法。
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