JP5536970B2 - 新生児対象又は胎児対象用鎮痛剤 - Google Patents
新生児対象又は胎児対象用鎮痛剤 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000008104 phosphatidylethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003905 phosphatidylinositols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propofol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1O OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004134 propofol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004129 prosencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004800 psychological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036280 sedation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004799 sedative–hypnotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020341 sensory perception of pain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003885 sodium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003195 sodium channel blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003890 substance P antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003390 teratogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XFYDIVBRZNQMJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tizanidine Chemical compound ClC=1C=CC2=NSN=C2C=1NC1=NCCN1 XFYDIVBRZNQMJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
Anand KJS et al, New Engl J Med, 317:1321-1329, 1987 Fitzgerald M, Br Med Bull, 47:667-75, 1991 Taddio A et al, Lancet, 349:599-603, 1997 Graham YP et al, Dev Psychopath, 11:545-565, 1999 Anand KJS et al, Biol Neonate, 77:69-82, 2000 Ruda MA et al, Science 289:628-630, 2000 Eger EI, Nitrous Oxide/N2O;Elsevier, New York, 1985 Fitzgerald M et al, Brain Res 389:261-70, 1986 van Praag H, Frenk H, Dev Brain Res, 64:71-76, 1991 Fujinaga M et al, Anesth Analg, 91:6-10, 2000 Ohashi et al, Pain, 100:7-18, 2002
一般的手順及び動物
研究プロトコルは、内務省(英国)の認可を受け、動物の苦痛及び使用する動物の数を最小限に抑えることに全力を尽くした。すべての調査にFischerラットを使用した(B & K Universal社製)。ラットに制約なしに餌と水を与え、午前6時と午後6時の間に人工照明を当てた。各動物の年齢は、以前から確立されている成長曲線(Hashimoto et al., 2002)に基づき、体重から決定した(誕生日を0日齢と定めた)。実験は、7日齢、19日齢、28日齢の子ラット、及び成体ラット(11〜12週齢)で実施した。
気体に曝すための再循環系を構築して、キセノン消費を最小限に抑えた(図3)。回路に流速4l/分で気体(空気又はキセノン/酸素/窒素)を流し、所望の気体濃度に達した後、実験期間の残りの間は流速を40ml/分に落とした。二酸化炭素レベル及び湿度は、ソーダ石灰及びシリカゲルを用い、それぞれ0.6%及び50%未満に保った。気体に曝してから15分後にホルマリン又は生理食塩水を投与し、その後、動物をさらに90分間気体混合物に曝した。
ホルマリン注射後直ちに、ビデオカメラ(メガピクセル、デジタルハンディカム、ソニー社製)を、足がよく見え(テレビモニターで見ることができる)、動物の挙動が記録しやすくなるようにチャンバーの床下約50cmに配置して、60分間挙動を記録した。チャンバー及び試験待ちの子ラット用収容区域の温度は、実験の間じゅう室温に保った。
ホルマリンを注射してから90分後、動物をペントバルビタール(100mg/kg、腹腔内)で深く麻酔にかけ、4%のパラホルムアルデヒドで灌流した。脊髄全体を取り出した。腰膨大を横向きに30μm幅に切断し、次いで以前から記載されているとおりに[Ma D et al, Br J Anaesth, 89:739-46, 2002]、c−Fosに対して染色を行った。簡潔に述べると、切片を0.3%のメタノール中H2O2中で30分間インキュベートし、その後、0.1Mのリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中で3回洗浄した。その後、切片を3%のロバ血清及び0.3%のPBS中TritonX(PBT)からなる「ブロッキング溶液」中で1時間インキュベートし、続いて、1%のロバ血清を添加した1:5,000のPBT中ヤギ抗c−Fos抗体(sc-52-G、Santa Cruz Biotechnology 社製)中に入れ4℃で終夜インキュベートした。次いで、切片をPBTで3回すすぎ、1%のロバ血清を添加した1:200のPBT中ロバ抗−ヤギIgG(Vector Laboratories社製)中で1時間インキュベートした。切片を再度PBTで洗浄し、PBT中アビジン−ビオチン−ペルオキシダーゼ複合体(Vector Laboratories社製)中で1時間インキュベートした。切片をPBSで3回洗浄し、過酸化水素を加えた硫酸ニッケルアンモニウム添加3,3’−ジアミノベンジジン(DAB)(DAB Kit, Vector Laboratories社製)で染色した。染色が完了した後、切片をPBS中ですすいだ後、蒸留水ですすぎ、固定し、100%のエタノールで脱水し、100%のキシレンで清掃し、覆いをかけた。
各動物の侵害受容性強度スコアを時間に対してプロットし、各動物の(60分間の区間の)曲線下面積(AUC)を算出した。上述の各領域について3片の代表切片の平均c−Fos陽性ニューロンを、各動物の総得点とした。侵害受容強度又はc−Fos陽性ニューロンの結果は、平均値±SEMとして報告する。統計学的分析は、分散を一方向に分析した後、Newman-Keuls検定にかけて行った。p値<0.05を統計学的に有意であるとみなした。
挙動による侵害受容性応答
各日週齢部門の各集団の侵害受容性応答の時間経過を図4に示す。空気に曝されていた動物は、生理食塩水を注射した後、約2分間にわたり、注射された足に関わる非特異的な侵害受容性挙動を示した(得点1)。空気を浴びせられている各日週齢群ではそれぞれ、ホルマリン注射によって二相性の侵害受容性応答が誘発される。AUCデータを表1に示す。
侵害受容性刺激物質誘発性のc−Fos発現
注射部位と同側の腰部レベル脊髄のホルマリン誘発性c−Fos発現は、すべての日週齢群で増大した。キセノンに曝されていると、c−Fos発現が有意に抑制された。7日齢の子ラットでは、キセノンに曝したことによって、ホルマリンに応答してのc−Fos発現が、薄片A/Bで48%(P<0.001)、薄片Cで50%(P<0.001)、薄片Dで50%(P<0.001)、薄片Eで28%(P<0.01)に低減した。19日齢ラットでは、キセノンに応答して、平均c−Fos発現が薄片I〜IIで55%(P<0.001)、薄片III〜IVで57%(P<0.001)、及び薄片V−VIで62%(P<0.001)に抑制された。28日齢ラットでは、ホルマリンに応答してのc−Fos発現が、薄片I〜IIで34%(P<0.001)、薄片III〜IVで27%(P<0.001)、薄片V〜VIで28%(P<0.001)に低下した。成体ラットでは、キセノンによって、c−Fos発現が、薄片I〜IIで41%(P<0.001)、薄片III〜IVで45%(P<0.001)、薄片V〜VIで34%(P<0.001)に抑制された。生理食塩水の注射も、注射と同側のc−Fos発現を引き起こした。しかし、これは、ホルマリン注射によって引き起こされたものよりはるかに強度が弱かった(図5及び6)。
キセノン自体が(亜酸化窒素での場合がそうであるように)[Hashimoto T et al, Anesthesiology, 95:463-9, 2001]c−Fos発現を引き起こし得るかどうかを試験するため、未処置の動物を、空気又はキセノン混合気体(70%Xe/20%O2/10%N2)に90分間曝した(図7)。これらの群の間には、脊髄のどの領域でもc−Fos陽性細胞数に差がなかった。
この調査では、4段階の各発育段階、すなわち7日目、19日目、28日目、及び成体のFischerラットにおいて、キセノンがホルマリン注射に対して抗侵害受容性応答を発揮することが実証された。これらのデータは、(挙動に関しても免疫組織化学に関しても)23日齢未満の動物での抗侵害受容性作用に注目していない、最近報告されたN2Oでのデータ[Ohashi Y et al, Pain, 100:7-18, 2002]とは質が異なる。
表1:侵害受容性強度得点曲線(図4)から曲線下面積(AUC)(平均±SEM、n=3〜4)を算出した。
対応する日週齢群の空気+ホルマリン群に対して*P<0.01、**P<0.001
Claims (16)
- 新生児対象及び/又は胎児対象に鎮痛をもたらす医薬を調製する際のキセノンの使用。
- 前記新生児対象が生後4週間の哺乳動物である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記新生児対象又は胎児対象がヒトである、請求項1又は2に記載の使用。
- 前記キセノンが、薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤、又は賦形剤と組み合わせて使用される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 前記キセノンを鎮静剤、麻酔剤、又は別の鎮痛剤と組み合わせて投与する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が気体の形態である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が20〜70%v/vのキセノン/空気混合物の形態である、請求項6に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が液体形態である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が脂質乳濁液の形態である、請求項8に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が静脈内送達、脳脊髄幹内送達、又は経皮送達に適する形態である、請求項8又は9に記載の使用。
- キセノンを有効成分として含有する、新生児を対象とした鎮痛剤。
- キセノンを有効成分として含有する、胎児を対象とし、胎児の母親に治療有効量を投与することを特徴とする鎮痛剤。
- 薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤、又は賦形剤と組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする、請求項11又は12に記載の鎮痛剤。
- 20〜70%v/vのキセノン/空気混合物の形態であることを特徴とする、請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の鎮痛剤。
- 脂質懸濁液の形態であることを特徴とする、請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の鎮痛剤。
- 静脈内投与、脳脊髄幹内投与、又は経皮投与されることを特徴とする、請求項11〜13、又は15のいずれかに記載の鎮痛剤。
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GBGB0218153.5A GB0218153D0 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2002-08-05 | An analgesic agent for newborn or retal subjects |
GB0218153.5 | 2002-08-05 | ||
PCT/GB2003/003391 WO2004012749A1 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-05 | An analgesic agent for newborn or fetal subjects |
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JP (1) | JP5536970B2 (ja) |
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AU (1) | AU2003252977B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0313305A (ja) |
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ES (1) | ES2298582T3 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB0218153D0 (ja) |
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JP2012526133A (ja) * | 2009-05-05 | 2012-10-25 | ベイポジェニックス インコーポレイテッド | 炎症を低減させるための新規揮発性麻酔薬製剤およびその使用法 |
FR2948878B1 (fr) * | 2009-08-04 | 2012-08-31 | Air Liquide | Utilisation du xenon pour traiter l'hypersensibilite a la douleur |
CN110464709A (zh) | 2012-08-10 | 2019-11-19 | 德克萨斯州大学系统董事会 | 用于治疗中风的神经保护性脂质体组合物和方法 |
US20160030470A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-02-04 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Liquids rich in noble gas and methods of their preparation and use |
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DE19910986C2 (de) * | 1999-03-11 | 2001-06-07 | Aga Ab | Verwendung von Xenon bei der Behandlung von Neurointoxikationen |
US6653354B2 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2003-11-25 | Protexeon Limited | NMDA antagonist comprising xenon |
GB9917822D0 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 1999-09-29 | Imperial College | Nmda antagonist |
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ES2298582T3 (es) | 2008-05-16 |
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AU2003252977A1 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
DE60318453T2 (de) | 2008-12-24 |
ATE382357T1 (de) | 2008-01-15 |
EP1534304A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
EP1534304B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
US20060233885A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
CA2494569A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
DE60318453D1 (de) | 2008-02-14 |
BR0313305A (pt) | 2005-06-14 |
CA2494569C (en) | 2012-04-03 |
GB0218153D0 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
WO2004012749A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
JP2005539004A (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
AU2003252977B2 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
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