JP5531376B2 - Nondestructive inspection apparatus and nondestructive inspection method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a nondestructive inspection apparatus and a nondestructive inspection method for inspecting a defect of a cylindrical member with a guide wave.

  Pipes through which fluid flows (for example, pipes of plants such as power plants and chemical plants, pipes of pipelines that transport oil, pipes in refineries, water pipes and gas pipes buried underground), liquids, etc. When a long period of time elapses after the facility is installed, a member formed in a cylindrical shape such as a tank in which the water is stored deteriorates due to corrosion or erosion from the inner and outer surfaces. Eventually, the corrosion or erosion reaches the thickness of the cylindrical member. In this case, fluid in the cylindrical member such as liquid and gas leaks to the outside. In order to avoid such a state, the cylindrical member is periodically subjected to nondestructive inspection to evaluate the thickness of the cylindrical member, and measures such as replacement (or repair) of the cylindrical member are taken before leakage of internal fluid occurs. There is a need.

  By the way, there is an ultrasonic thickness meter as a typical nondestructive measuring means for inspecting the thickness of a pipe. An ultrasonic thickness meter is a device for measuring the thickness of a cylindrical member. As a general method of measuring the thickness of a cylindrical member using an ultrasonic thickness gauge, an ultrasonic sensor having a piezoelectric element that mutually converts electricity and sound is installed on the outer surface of the pipe. In some cases, a bulk wave is excited and an elastic wave reflected on the inner surface of a pipe is received using the same or another ultrasonic sensor.

  Since the inspection range of the ultrasonic thickness gauge is narrow, it takes a long time to inspect a long pipe. In addition, in the inspection using an ultrasonic thickness gauge, it is necessary to remove the heat insulating material at each thickness measurement location when the piping surrounding the heat insulating material is targeted, so the heat insulating material removal work before the inspection and after the inspection The time required for attaching the heat insulating material becomes large. Furthermore, it is not easy to inspect concrete and piping buried in the ground.

  One countermeasure to this problem of ultrasonic thickness gauges is to create a guide wave (formed by interference of longitudinal and transverse waves that travel while reflecting or mode-converting in an object having a boundary surface such as a pipe or plate. Non-destructive inspection of piping using an elastic wave) has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). The non-destructive inspection using the guide wave can inspect the long distance section of the piping collectively. By using the guide wave, the place where the heat insulating material is removed is significantly reduced. The nondestructive inspection apparatus described in Patent Document 1 includes a first probe group, a second probe group, and a third probe group in which a plurality of ultrasonic probes are arranged over the entire circumference of a pipe. In order to transmit a guide wave in one direction of the pipe, these probe groups are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the pipe to be inspected.

Japanese National Patent Publication No. 10-507530

  By the way, the above non-destructive inspection apparatus described in Patent Document 1 performs non-destructive inspection using a probe group formed by arranging a plurality of probes over the entire circumference of the pipe. As the aperture of the probe increases, the size of the probe group also increases. Further, if the diameter of the pipe to be inspected changes, it becomes necessary to separately prepare a probe group having a size corresponding to that.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a nondestructive inspection apparatus capable of measuring defects without depending on the diameter of a cylindrical member.

(1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a nondestructive inspection apparatus for inspecting a defect of a cylindrical member with a guide wave, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic probes are provided on a part of the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member . A first ultrasonic probe array formed by being arranged at intervals, and a plurality of ultrasonic probes being arranged at predetermined intervals in a part of the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, A second ultrasonic probe array provided at an interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member from the first ultrasonic probe array; the first ultrasonic probe array; and the second ultrasonic probe. By controlling the timing of applying transmission signals to the plurality of ultrasonic probes included in the transducer array, the transmission is transmitted from the first ultrasound probe array and the second ultrasound probe array. and a guide wave transmitting unit for controlling the propagation angle of the guided wave, the guide wave transmission section, the first ultrasonic probe sequence and before The time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the second ultrasonic probe array propagates the distance between the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. A transmission signal is applied to the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array so as to be shifted by a time required for the operation, and each ultrasonic probe in the first ultrasonic probe array is applied. The center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of the probe and the center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each ultrasonic probe in the second ultrasonic probe array are respectively the cylindrical member. the guide waves propagating in the axial direction of shall be the shortest guide wave wavelength less than the wavelength of the guided wave propagating in the circumferential direction of the different said cylindrical member wavelengths.

(2) In the above (1), preferably, the distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, and the second ultrasonic probe. The center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each adjacent ultrasonic probe in the sub-row is set so as to approach half the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength.

  (3) In the above (1), preferably, both ends in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member among the plurality of ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row The plurality of guide waves transmitted from the at least one ultrasonic probe arranged in the portion is weakened as the intensity of the guide wave transmitted from the probe near the circumferential end of the cylindrical member decreases. And an intensity adjusting unit for adjusting the intensity of the guide wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe.

  (4) In the above (3), preferably, the intensity adjusting unit is configured to move the plurality of ultrasonic probes with respect to the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical member according to the arrangement position of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction. An urging force adjusting mechanism that adjusts the pressing force of the plurality of ultrasonic probes is provided.

  (5) In the above (3), the intensity adjusting unit preferably acts on the plurality of ultrasonic probes according to the arrangement positions of the plurality of ultrasonic probes in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. A load impedance adjustment mechanism for adjusting the load impedance to be used.

(6) In the above (1), the plurality of ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row are fixed to the cylindrical member via a magnet attracting mechanism. Has been.

(7) In the above (1), the plurality of ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row are fixed to the cylindrical member via an air adsorption mechanism. Has been .

  (8) In the above (1), preferably, the plurality of ultrasonic probes of the first ultrasonic probe array or the second ultrasonic probe array are plural in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. The support members are fixed to an array of support members, and the support members adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member are connected to each other through a shaft so as to be swingable.

(9) In the above (1), preferably, a third ultrasonic probe array formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes in a part of a circumferential direction of the cylindrical member with a predetermined interval. A plurality of ultrasonic probes arranged in a part of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction with a predetermined interval, and the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe. And a fourth ultrasonic probe row provided between the third ultrasonic probe row and the axial direction of the cylindrical member by a distance corresponding to the interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member of the row. , A guide wave is transmitted by the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array, and a guide wave is transmitted by the third ultrasonic probe array and the fourth ultrasonic probe array. A center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the third ultrasonic probe row; The center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the four ultrasonic probe rows is the cylinder having a wavelength different from that of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. It is less than the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength among the guide waves propagating in the circumferential direction of the member.

(10) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a first ultrasonic probe formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes at a predetermined interval on a portion of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction. The first ultrasonic probe is formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes at a predetermined interval at a time at which a guide wave is transmitted from the sub-string and a part of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction. The time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the second ultrasonic probe row attached via the interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member from the row is the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. The first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row are deviated by the time required for passing between the ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row. And a guide wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe train and the second ultrasonic probe train. A step of trust, the procedure for generating inspection information by processing the received signal received as noise by the guide wave propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is reduced, in the first ultrasonic probe sequence The distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member and the distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the second ultrasonic probe row in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member And adjusting the frequency to be less than the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength among the guide waves propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member having a wavelength different from that of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. .

(11) In the above (10), preferably, the distance between centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member and the second ultrasonic probe are set. The center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the child row is at least half the wavelength of the shortest guide wave among the guide waves propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. The guide wave propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is less than the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength.

(12) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a nondestructive inspection method for inspecting a defect of a cylindrical member with a guide wave, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic probes are provided on a part of the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. The time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe array formed by arranging the gaps at intervals, and a plurality of ultrasonic probes at predetermined intervals on a part of the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. And a time at which a guide wave is transmitted from a second ultrasonic probe array that is formed from the first ultrasonic probe array and is attached via an interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member from the first ultrasonic probe array. The guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member is shifted by an amount of time required to pass between the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array. A procedure of transmitting a guide wave from the ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array; and the first ultrasonic sound A procedure for receiving a guide wave transmitted from the probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array, a procedure for processing the received signal to generate inspection information, and a propagation in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member The center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row, and the second ultrasonic probe so as to reduce noise caused by the guided wave. The distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the column in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is propagated in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member having a wavelength different from that of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. In order to reduce the noise caused by the guide wave propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, the procedure for adjusting the guide wave to be shorter than the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength among the guided waves, the first ultrasonic probe array and the 2nd ultrasound probe line Transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row so that the intensity of the transmitted guide wave decreases as the intensity of the guide wave arranged at the end in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member decreases. Adjusting the intensity of the guide wave.

(13) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a nondestructive inspection method for inspecting a defect of a cylindrical member with a guide wave. A time at which a guide wave is transmitted at an arbitrary set angle from a first ultrasonic probe array formed by being arranged at intervals, and a plurality of ultrasonic probes at a part in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical member; At a set angle from a second ultrasonic probe array that is formed from the first ultrasonic probe array with an interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. The time at which the guide wave is transmitted is the time required for the guide wave transmitted at the set angle to pass between the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array. A guide wave is transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row so as to be shifted. A procedure for receiving a guide wave transmitted from the first ultrasound probe train and the second ultrasound probe train, a procedure for generating inspection information by processing the received signal, The circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row is such that noise due to the guide wave propagating through the cylindrical member in a direction orthogonal to the set angle is reduced. And the center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the second ultrasonic probe row, the cylindrical member in the direction perpendicular to the set angle. And a procedure for adjusting to less than the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength among the propagating guide waves.

  (14) In any one of the above (10) to (13), preferably, the method further includes a step of changing a location where the guide wave sensor is installed with respect to the cylindrical member along a circumferential direction of the cylindrical member.

  According to the present invention, since the defect can be measured by the probe row installed in a part of the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, a nondestructive inspection independent of the diameter of the cylindrical member can be performed.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1 is a configuration diagram of a nondestructive inspection apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a guide wave sensor 3 in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a diagram of a guide wave transceiver 4 in FIG. It is a block diagram.

  A nondestructive inspection apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a guide wave sensor 3, a guide wave transceiver 4, an analog / digital converter (A / D converter) 5, a computer (electronic computer) 6, and a display device 7. It has.

  The guide wave sensor 3 transmits and receives a guide wave, and includes a first ultrasonic probe array 1 and a second ultrasonic probe array 2.

  A first ultrasonic probe array (hereinafter referred to as a first probe array) 1 is formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes (hereinafter referred to as probes). In the form, for example, four probes 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are formed. The probes 1a to 1d have a guide wave transmission / reception function, and are each composed of two probes. For example, a piezoelectric element can be used as the probe. Each probe can be configured by connecting a plurality of probes in parallel (or connecting a transmission probe and a reception probe in parallel). The second ultrasonic probe array (hereinafter referred to as the second probe array) 2 includes a plurality of probes (in the present embodiment, four sets of probes 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) and arranged at a position from the first probe row 1 in the axial direction of the pipe 9 via a predetermined interval (referred to as “Da”). The first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 are preferably formed of the same number of probes. In the present embodiment, the first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 are Each of them is formed by four sets of probes (1a to 1d, 2a to 2d).

  In the present embodiment, the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d are each composed of two probes, but this is the only configuration of the probe rows 1 and 2 to which the present invention can be applied. The probe rows 1 and 2 only need to be composed of a plurality of probes.

  2A shows the guide wave sensor 3 viewed from the axial direction of the pipe 9, FIG. 2B shows the guide wave sensor 3 viewed from the radial direction of the pipe 9, and FIG. 2C shows FIG. It is an enlarged view of (a).

  In FIG. 2, a plurality of probes 1 a to 1 d and 2 a to 2 d are arranged along a circumferential direction of the pipe 9 in a part of the pipe (cylindrical member) 9 in the circumferential direction. The arrangement interval (referred to as “Dc” (refer to FIG. 2C)) of the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d in the circumferential direction of the pipe 9 is a guide wave (hereinafter referred to as “Dc”). As appropriate, it is set so as to approach a half (half wavelength) of the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength (hereinafter referred to as the shortest wavelength λ1) in the circumferential guide wave 8b). When the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d are arranged in this manner, the reception signal received by the guide wave sensor 3 is reduced from including noise due to the circumferential guide wave 8b, and therefore, a smaller defect. Can be recognized. This is based on the knowledge obtained by the inventors that the effect of reducing the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave 8b can be recognized if the arrangement interval Dc is set to be less than the shortest wavelength λ1.

  The probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d are attached to the support member 12 via the cylinder 11, respectively. The cylinder 12 urges the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d against the outer peripheral surface of the pipe 9, and the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d are attached to the tip of the cylinder 12 rod. Yes. The support member 12 is a fan-shaped member formed in accordance with the curvature of the pipe (cylindrical member) 9, and fixes the plurality of cylinders 11 so as to be sandwiched from the axial direction of the pipe 9. The support member 12 is fixed to the pipe 9 via a support rope 13. The support rope 13 fixes the guide wave sensor 3 (probes 1 a to 1 d) to the outer peripheral surface of the pipe 9, and is hung around the pipe 9. The guide wave sensor 3 is integrally formed by a set of support members 12 so that the first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 are fixed at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the pipe 9. The first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 may be fixed by a pair of support members 12 so that they hold a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the pipe 9. 9 may be attached.

  The guide wave transmitter / receiver 4 applies a transmission waveform (transmission signal) to the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d in order to transmit the guide waves, and the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d The received waveform (received signal) is amplified.

  In FIG. 3, the guide wave transceiver 4 includes a controller 21, a signal generator 22 a for the first probe array 1, a power amplifier 23 a, an element switch 24 a, and a second probe array 2. A signal generator 22b, a power amplifier 23b, and an element switch 24b, an element switch 25 common to the first probe array 1 and the second probe array 2, and a reception amplifier 26 are provided.

  The signal generators 22a and 22b, the power amplifiers 23a and 23b, and the element switchers 24a and 24b are mechanisms for transmitting guide waves from the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d of the probe rows 1 and 2, respectively. It is. The element switch 25 and the reception amplifier 26 are mechanisms for receiving the reflected signals of the guide waves transmitted from the probe rows 1 and 2 by the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d.

  The controller 21 is connected to the signal generators 22a and 22b, the element switchers 24a and 24b, and the element switcher 25. The controller 21 is connected to the computer 6.

  The signal generators 22a and 22b are connected to the element switchers 24a and 24b via the power amplifiers 23a and 23b.

  The element switchers 24a and 24b switch the connection between the power amplifiers 23a and 23b and the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d based on a switching command from the controller 21. The element switchers 24a and 24b are connected to the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d. The element switchers 24a and 24b and the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d are connected via a coaxial cable.

  The element switch 25 switches the connection between the reception amplifier 26 and the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d based on a switching command from the controller 21. The element switch 25 is connected to the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d via the reception amplifier 26. The element switch 25 and the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d are connected via a coaxial cable. The reception amplifier 26 is connected to the A / D converter 5 via a coaxial cable.

  The A / D converter 5 converts the received waveform of the guide wave that is an analog signal into a digital signal (digital waveform). The A / D converter 5 is connected to the signal processing device 6b of the computer 6, converts each received signal (received waveform) input from the receiving amplifier 26 into a digital signal, and converts it to a signal processing device 6b (described later). Output. As the A / D converter 5, for example, a commercially available external A / D converter or a board-type A / D converter built in a computer can be used.

  The computer 6 performs control processing related to the entire inspection apparatus, and mainly functions as a central control unit 6a and a signal processing unit 6b.

  The central control unit 6 a is a part that outputs a control command such as a guide wave transmission command to the controller 21 and outputs inspection information from the signal processing unit 6 b to the display device 7. The central control unit 6a is connected to an input device (not shown) such as a keyboard and a mouse, and accepts an instruction from the operator. The signal processing unit 6b is a part that processes the digital signal (received waveform) from the A / D converter 5 to generate inspection information such as image information. The inspection information generated by the signal processing unit 6b is transmitted to the display device 7 by the central control unit 6a.

  The display device 7 displays inspection information such as image information generated by the signal processing unit 6b, and further displays a digital signal (from the reception amplifier 26) input to the signal processing device 6b via the A / D converter 5. Output signal) is displayed as is. The display device 7 is connected to the computer 6.

  Next, an inspection procedure using the nondestructive inspection apparatus configured as described above will be described.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart of inspection by the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a first excitation signal applied to the probes 1a to 1d, and FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a second excitation signal applied to the probes 2a to 2d. .

  When the pipe 9 is inspected by the nondestructive inspection apparatus configured as described above, first, the ultrasonic sensor 3 is disposed at the inspection location of the pipe 9. At this time, when the pipe 9 is surrounded by a heat insulating material or the like, a part of the heat insulating material is removed in advance. When the installation of the ultrasonic sensor 3 is completed, the operator inputs an inspection start signal from the input device to the central control unit 6a. The central control unit 6a to which the inspection start signal is input outputs a guide wave transmission command (transmission control signal) to the controller 21 (guide wave transmitter / receiver 4).

  The controller 21 to which the guide wave transmission command is input outputs a switching command (switching control signal) to the element switch 24a. Based on this switching command, the element switch 24a connects the probes 1a to 1d to the power amplifier 23a substantially simultaneously. Moreover, the controller 21 to which the guide wave transmission command is input issues a first excitation command (first excitation control signal) for transmitting a guide wave from the first probe array 1 (probes 1a to 1d). It outputs to the signal generator 22a. The signal generator 22a outputs a first excitation signal toward the probes 1a to 1d based on the first excitation command from the controller 21. The first excitation signal output from the signal generator 22a is amplified by the power amplifier 23a to become a first transmission waveform (first transmission signal) (see FIG. 5A), and the element switching that is switched by the controller 21. It is applied substantially simultaneously to the probes 1a to 1d via the device 24a (S101).

  On the other hand, the controller 21 to which the guide wave transmission command is input from the central control unit 6a also outputs the switching command to the element switch 24b. The element switch 24b connects the probes 2a to 2d to the power amplifier 23b substantially simultaneously based on this switching command. Further, the controller 21 to which the guide wave transmission command is input, the first probe row 1 and the second probe row in the axial direction of the pipe 9 from the time when the first excitation command is output to the signal generator 22a. 2 is delayed by a time required for the guide wave to propagate through the distance (Da) (hereinafter referred to as a delay time Td), and the guide wave is sent from the second probe array 2 (probes 2a to 2d). A second excitation command (second excitation control signal) for transmission is output to the signal generator 22b. The signal generator 22b outputs a second excitation signal toward the probes 2a to 2d based on the second excitation command. The second excitation signal output from the signal generator 22b is amplified by the power amplifier 23b to become a second transmission waveform (second transmission signal) (see FIG. 5B), and the element switching is switched by the controller 21. It is applied substantially simultaneously to the probes 2a to 2d via the device 24b (S102).

  As described above, when the time at which the controller 21 outputs the second excitation command is delayed by the delay time Td from the time at which the first excitation signal is output, the first probe row 1 and the second probe. Since the guide waves transmitted in the right direction in FIG. 1 from the column 2 have the same phase, the amplitude of the guide waves transmitted in the right direction can be increased. On the other hand, the guide waves transmitted from the first probe array 1 and the second probe array 2 in the left direction in FIG. 1 have opposite phases to each other, and are transmitted in the left direction. The amplitude of the guide wave can be reduced.

  In the above description, the time for outputting the second excitation command is delayed from the time for outputting the first excitation command. However, in the case shown in FIG. 6, the time for outputting the second excitation command is advanced by the delay time Td. You may do it. FIG. 6A shows a first transmission signal applied to the probes 1a to 1d when the time for outputting the second excitation command is made earlier by the delay time Td than the time for outputting the first excitation command. FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a second transmission signal applied to the probes 2a to 2d at that time. In FIG. 6, the second transmission signals (see FIG. 6B) input to the probes 2a to 2d are the first transmission signals input to the probes 1a to 1d (see FIG. 6A). Have the same absolute value but different signs. When the first and second transmission signals having the waveform shown in FIG. 6 are applied, the effect of increasing the amplitude of the guide wave transmitted toward the right side in FIG. 1 is relative to the method shown in FIG. However, the effect of reducing the amplitude of the guide wave transmitted toward the left side can be relatively increased.

  In either case of applying the first and second transmission signals shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the probes 1a to 1d to which the first transmission signal is applied and the probes to which the second transmission signal is applied. The children 2a to 2d respectively generate guide waves in the pipe 9 by vibrating. Guide waves 8 transmitted from the probes 1 a to 1 d and 2 a to 2 d propagate in the axial direction of the pipe 9. When the guide wave 8 propagated in the axial direction has a pipe end 9a (see FIG. 1) or a defect (such as a thinned portion 9b (see FIG. 1) or a crack) in the pipe 9 ahead, the pipe end 9a Or reflected by a defect to become a reflected wave (reflected signal) and travel in the opposite direction. This reflected wave is received by the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d of the ultrasonic probe rows 1 and 2 (S103).

  The controller 21 outputs a switching command (switching control signal) to the element switch 25 after outputting the first excitation command and the second excitation command. The element switch 25 to which the switching command is input connects the probes 1 a to 1 d and 2 a to 2 d to the reception amplifier 26. The first and second probe rows 1 and 2 that have received the reflected waves as described above are the first received signal (received signal of the first probe row 1) and the received signal (received waveform). 2 reception signals (reception signals of the second probe array 2) are output to the reception amplifier 26 via the element switch 25. The first and second received signals input to the reception amplifier 26 are amplified by the reception amplifier 26 and output to the A / D converter 5.

  Meanwhile, the controller 21 outputs a trigger signal to the A / D converter 5 based on the guide wave transmission command input from the central control unit 6a. Based on this trigger signal, the A / D converter 5 starts processing to convert the first and second received signals, which are analog signals, into digital signals, and receives the first and second received signals input from the receiving amplifier 26. Convert the signal to a digital signal. The A / D converter 5 outputs the digitally converted first and second received signals to the signal processing unit 6 b of the computer 6. The first and second received signals input from the A / D converter 5 are stored in a storage device (not shown) such as a memory in the computer 6.

  Next, the central controller 6a determines whether or not a reception signal is input from both the first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 (S104). The central control unit 6a determines whether both the first reception signal and the second reception signal are input based on the input information of the reception signal stored in the storage device. If this determination result is “YES”, the next processing (S105) is executed, and if the determination result is “NO”, the processing from S101 is executed again. By the processing of S101 to S104, the digital signals of the first and second received signals output from both the first and second wave probe arrays 1 and 2 are input to the signal processing unit 6b. The first and second received signals input in this way are reflected signals from the same reflection source (for example, the tube end portion 9a or the thinning portion 9b of the pipe 9).

  In the present embodiment, since there is only one reception amplifier 26 for the two probe rows 1 and 2, the determination process of S104 is performed. However, when individual receiving amplifiers can be prepared for the two probe rows 1 and 2, S104 can be omitted.

  If it is determined that both the first received signal and the second received signal are input, the signal processing unit 6b performs a synthesis process of the first received signal and the second received signal (S105). Here, an example of the synthesis process of the first received signal and the second received signal will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the waveform data of the reception signals S1 and S2 received by the first and second probes 1 and 2 and the waveform data of the combined signals S0p and S0m.

  7A shows the waveform data of the first reception signal S1 received by the first probe row 1, and FIG. 7B shows the first waveform received by the second probe row 2. FIG. 2 shows waveform data of the received signal S2.

  First, the signal processing unit 6b performs a correction process of delaying the second reception signal S2 by the delay time Td, and obtains waveform data of the second reception signal S2p (see FIG. 7C). Next, the signal processing unit 6b adds the waveform data (FIG. 7A) of the first reception signal S1 and the second reception signal S2p (FIG. 7C) obtained by the correction process, and adds the combined signal S0p. Waveform data (see FIG. 7E). With this reception signal combining process, it is possible to extract a guide wave (reflected wave) traveling from the right side to the left side in FIG.

  This combining process may be performed using the waveform data (see FIG. 7D) of the second received signal S2m obtained by performing the correction process for advancing the second received signal S2 by the delay time Td. . In this case, the signal processing unit 6b subtracts the waveform data (FIG. 7 (a)) of the first reception signal S1 from the second reception signal S2m (FIG. 7 (d)) obtained by the correction process, and combines the combined signal S0m. Waveform data (see FIG. 7F). The synthesized signal S0m obtained in this way is relatively more effective than the synthesized signal S0p in increasing the amplitude of the guide waves traveling from the right side to the left side in FIG. Small. However, the synthesized signal S0m is relatively more effective than the synthesized signal S0p in reducing the amplitude of the guide waves traveling from the left side to the right side in FIG. (Theoretically it can be zero). This is the same phenomenon as the guide wave transmission principle described with reference to FIGS. Therefore, when there is a reflection source such as a tube end on the left side of the probe rows 1 and 2, it is often advantageous from the viewpoint of the S / N ratio to use the synthesized signal S0m.

  By the way, in the series of processes described above, when guide waves are transmitted from the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d (S101, S102), only the axial guide wave 8a propagating in the axial direction of the pipe 9 is used. In addition, a circumferential guide wave 8b (see FIG. 1) propagating in the circumferential direction of the pipe 9 is also generated. Since this circumferential guide wave 8b propagates in the pipe 9 in the circumferential direction and is received every time it returns to the position of the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d, it propagates in the axial direction of the pipe 9. It becomes noise for a signal reflected by a defect (thinning 9b or the like). In other words, if a guide wave sensor is simply attached to a part of the pipe 9 in the circumferential direction, sufficient inspection may not be possible due to the influence of the circumferential guide wave. Therefore, in the present embodiment, means (noise suppression means) for suppressing the circumferential guide wave 8b is taken based on the new knowledge found by the inventors. That is, the inventors have (1) adjustment of the arrangement interval (Dc) of the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d in the circumferential direction of the pipe 9, or (2) ) New knowledge was obtained that the circumferential guide wave 8b can be suppressed by adjusting the amplitude (guide wave intensity) of the guide wave transmitted from each of the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d (see FIG. 8). . Hereinafter, this knowledge will be described.

  First, (1) a method for reducing the circumferential guide wave by adjusting the arrangement interval Dc of the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d will be described.

  In this method, the probes are arranged such that the arrangement interval Dc of the plurality of probes constituting the probe row is less than the shortest wavelength λ1. When the arrangement interval of the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d is set to be less than the shortest wavelength λ1, the guide wave is canceled by reversing the phase between several adjacent probes. Therefore, the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave can be reduced. The inventors have found that the circumferential guide wave can be significantly reduced by setting the arrangement interval Dc so as to approach half of the shortest wavelength λ1. Based on this knowledge, the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d of the present embodiment are set so that the arrangement interval Dc approaches half of the shortest wavelength λ1. Next, the effect when the arrangement interval Dc is set to be less than the shortest wavelength λ1 will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the amplitudes of the axial guide wave and the circumferential guide wave. In each graph of this figure, the amplitude of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction is indicated by the right vertical axis (right axis), and the amplitude of the guide wave propagating in the circumferential direction is indicated by the left vertical axis (left axis). .

  FIG. 8A shows the arrangement interval of the probes in the circumferential direction of Dc = 34 mm, the number of circumferential probes of 24, the frequency of 40 kHz, the velocity of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of 3200 m / s, and the circumference. It is an analysis result when the phase velocity of the guide wave propagating in the direction is 1717 m / s.

  In this case, the wavelength (λ1) of the circumferential guide wave is about 43 mm (1717/40), and the arrangement interval Dc (34 mm) is set smaller than λ1. Thereby, the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave is about 1/20 of the axial guide wave as shown in the figure. If the amplitude ratio between the circumferential guide wave and the axial guide wave is about this level, it is a noise in the premise of detecting a thinning (defect) with a pipe cross-sectional area ratio of 1% (for example, inspection of pipes in a nuclear power plant). Although there is a possibility, it is a range applicable to an inspection that only needs to detect a defect larger than that.

  FIG. 8B shows an analysis result when the arrangement interval of the probes is Dc = 20 mm, the number of circumferential probes is 24, and other conditions are the same as those in FIG. 8A.

  In this case, the arrangement interval Dc (20 mm) is set so as to approach one-half wavelength (approximately 21.5 mm) of λ1 as compared with the case of FIG. At this time, the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave is about 1/40 of that of the axial guide wave, and noise due to the circumferential guide wave is further reduced than in the case of FIG. If the amplitude ratio between the circumferential guide wave and the axial guide wave is about this level, it is possible to detect a thinning of the pipe cross-sectional area ratio of 1%. .

  Next, (2) a method of reducing the circumferential guide wave by adjusting the amplitude (guide wave intensity) of the guide wave transmitted from each of the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d will be described.

  In this method, the intensity of the guide wave transmitted from one or a plurality of probes arranged at both ends in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member (pipe 9) among the probes constituting the probe row is reduced. The intensity of the guide wave transmitted from a plurality of probes is adjusted so that the one transmitted from the probe near the circumferential end of the cylindrical member becomes weaker (for example, the probe). If one probe arranged at both ends in the row 1 is the target of intensity adjustment, the ones that reduce the intensity of the guide wave are the probe 1a and the probe 1d).

  First, a method for adjusting the intensity of the guide wave by changing the applied voltage applied to a plurality of probes will be described with reference to FIG. The horizontal axis in FIG. 9 indicates the arrangement position in the circumferential direction of a plurality of probes (14 in the figure) constituting the probe row, and the vertical axis indicates the voltage applied to each probe. ing.

  FIG. 9A is a diagram in the case where the applied voltage is not weighted, and FIG. 9B is a diagram in the case where the weight is applied to the three at both ends. In FIG. 9B, adjustment (weighting) is performed so that the voltage adjusted according to the arrangement position in the circumferential direction is applied to each of the three probes counted from both ends in the circumferential direction. Yes. That is, the three probes at both ends are configured so that the applied voltage decreases stepwise as the probe is located closer to the end in the circumferential direction. When the intensity of the guide wave transmitted by each probe is adjusted so that the intensity of the guide wave transmitted by the probe located at the end portion in the circumferential direction decreases as described above, several adjacent probes are obtained. Since the guide wave is canceled by reversing the phase, the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave can be reduced.

  As an example of the configuration of the apparatus (intensity adjusting unit) for adjusting the intensity of the guide wave as described above, a load for adjusting the load impedance to be applied to each probe and changing the applied voltage to each probe. There is an impedance adjustment mechanism. For example, a resistor, a capacitor, an inductor, or a combination of these is attached to the path to the probe (piezoelectric element), and the applied voltage changes according to the position of the probe in the circumferential direction. It is comprised as follows. As another example, the guide wave transmitter / receiver 4 may be used to individually change the transmission waveforms (transmission signals) applied to the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d to adjust the intensity of the guide waves. good.

  In the above description, the intensity of the guide wave is adjusted by changing the voltage applied to each probe. However, the force (biasing force) for pressing each probe against the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member is changed. A force adjustment mechanism may be provided to adjust the intensity of the guide wave.

  As the biasing force adjusting mechanism, the cylinder 11 described above can be used. For example, when the cylinder 11 is an air cylinder, the urging force that acts on the probe may be adjusted using the air pressure supplied to the cylinder 12. The cylinder 11 may be a hydraulic cylinder. In addition, a spring mechanism using a spring force or the like may be used.

  Returning now to FIG. FIG. 8 (c) changes the voltage applied to the probe stepwise as shown in FIG. 9 or changes the force pressing the probe against the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member stepwise. It is an analysis result when conditions are made the same as FIG.8 (b). In the present embodiment, 5 probes (total 10) from 24 in the circumferential direction are weighted out of 24, and the other 14 are not weighted.

  According to the inspection apparatus configured as described above, the phase is reversed between several adjacent probes so that the guide wave is canceled and the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave is suppressed. Sometimes noise is further reduced. Thereby, the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave can be reduced until it reaches about 1/1000 of the amplitude of the axial guide wave as shown in the figure.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram comparing the suppression effect of the circumferential guide wave between the case where the number of probes in the circumferential direction is a parameter and the case where weighted transmission / reception is not performed and the case where the weighted transmission / reception is not performed. When weighted transmission / reception is performed, it is possible to achieve a radiation ratio necessary for nondestructive inspection and to detect a thinning of the pipe cross-sectional area ratio of 1%.

  In the above description, the intensity of the guide wave is changed in a plurality of probes arranged at both ends in the circumferential direction, but if the intensity is adjusted with at least one probe at both ends in the circumferential direction, The effect of suppressing the circumferential guide wave 8b as described above is exhibited.

  As described above, based on the knowledge obtained by the present inventors, the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave can be reduced. As a result, an analysis result with less noise can be obtained simply by installing the guide wave sensor 3 on a part of the circumference of the cylindrical member. In addition, since the arrangement | positioning space | interval Dc between the probes which can fully reduce noise, and the applied voltage and urging | biasing force given to a probe differ with test subjects, it is preferable to set for every test | inspection. In addition, these setting processes may be performed in advance to obtain an optimum setting by performing a test or the like, or may be incorporated as one of the inspection processes between S105 and S106 in the figure, for example.

  When extraction of the guide wave reflected from the defect or the like is completed by reducing the amplitude of the circumferential guide wave as described above, the process proceeds to a procedure for calculating the area of the thinned portion based on the waveform (S106). . The reduced thickness portion is a portion that is removed from the inner surface of the pipe toward the outside, and is a recess formed on the inner surface of the pipe. The area of the thinned portion means the area of the hollow portion in the cross section of the pipe (cross section orthogonal to the axis of the pipe). In the waveform of the synthesized signal S0p (or synthesized signal S0m) obtained as described above, the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected signal from the thinned portion 9b to the amplitude of the reflected signal from the tube end 9a is reduced with respect to the cross-sectional area of the pipe 9. It is almost proportional to the ratio of the area of the meat part (reflection source) 9b. Therefore, the area of the thinned portion 9b existing in the pipe 9 can be calculated by accumulating a predetermined coefficient regarding the ratio to the amplitude value of the waveform of the combined signal S0p (or the combined signal S0m).

  Here, the above coefficients will be specifically described. The cross-sectional area of the pipe 9 is s0, the amplitude of the combined signal S0p of the reflected signal from the pipe end of the pipe 9 is a0, the area of the thinned portion 9b is s, and the amplitude of the combined signal S0p of the reflected signal from the thinned portion 9b is When a, there is a relationship of “s / a≈s0 / a0”. Therefore, the coefficient for calculating the area s of the thinned portion 9b from the amplitude a of the reflected signal from the thinned portion 9b is “s0 / a0”, and the area s of the thinned portion 9b is “s = a × (s0 / A0) ".

  In the inspection of the pipe 9, when the reflected signal of the guide wave from the pipe end 9 a of the pipe 9 can be measured, the coefficient (s 0 / a 0) is applied to the pipe 9 in the guide wave sensor 3 (probe). It is preferable to calculate each time 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d) are attached. That is, each time the guide wave sensor 3 is attached to the pipe 9, a coefficient (s0 / a0) is obtained, and this coefficient is stored in advance in a storage device in the computer 6 and used for calculating the area s. As described above, when the coefficient (s0 / a0) is calculated every time the probe is attached to the pipe, the accuracy of the calculated area s can be improved. This is because the coefficient (s0 / a0) is influenced by the contact state between the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d and the pipe 9 and the degree of attenuation of the guide wave, and therefore tends to change for each inspection. is there. By the way, when the pipe end 9a of the pipe 9 does not exist, for example, the area s may be obtained using a coefficient (s0 / a0) calculated in advance using test data.

  Next, an example of the measurement result according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the specifications of the pipe test body 41 (nominal outer diameter 508 mm, thickness 9.5 mm) used in the effect confirmation test of the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 11, a polyethylene lining 41a having a thickness of 1 mm or more is applied to the inner surface of the pipe test body 41. As defects of the pipe test body 41, simulated peeling 41b, simulated thinning 41c, A simulated thinning 41d is provided.

  The simulated peeling 41b is obtained by locally removing the polyethylene lining 41a, and is provided so as to be positioned between 0 and 90 ° in the cross-sectional view in FIG. The simulated thinning portion 41c is a thinning portion whose area ratio to the cross-sectional area of the pipe test body 41 is 3%, and is provided at a position near 180 ° in the cross-sectional view. The simulated thinned portion 41d is a thinned portion having an area ratio of 5% with respect to the cross-sectional area of the pipe test body 41, and is provided at a position near 270 ° in the cross-sectional view (in each thinned portion 41c and 41d, polyethylene is used). The lining has also been removed).

  With respect to such a pipe test body 41, first, the guide wave sensor 3 is installed at a position of 30 ° in the cross-sectional view of the pipe 41, and the result of transmitting the guide wave 8 is shown in FIG. In this case, as shown in FIG. 12, it can be seen that peeling 41b and thinning 41d can be detected. Next, the result of transmitting the guide wave 8 by installing the guide wave sensor 3 at a position of 120 ° in the cross-sectional view of the pipe 41 is shown in FIG. In this case, the signal level is low because there is no thinning or peeling on the front surface of the guide wave sensor 3. Next, the result of transmitting the guide wave 8 by installing the guide wave sensor 3 at a position of 210 ° in the cross-sectional view of the pipe 41 is shown in FIG. In this case, it can be seen that peeling 41b, thinning 41c, and thinning 41d can be detected. Finally, the guide wave sensor 3 is installed at a position of 300 ° in the cross-sectional view of the pipe 41, and the result of transmitting the guide wave 8 is shown in FIG. In this case, it can be seen that the thinning 41d can be detected.

  As described above, according to the nondestructive inspection apparatus of the present embodiment, the position of the guide wave sensor 3 is changed along the circumferential direction of the pipe 41, thereby performing defect positions on the entire circumference of the pipe 41. Can be confirmed. Moreover, according to this Embodiment, since the circumferential guide wave 8b can be suppressed, the SN ratio of each signal is sufficient for the detection of a defect, and a fine defect can also be detected.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 to 15, the circumferential length of the guide wave sensor 3 of the present embodiment extends over a quarter of the circumference of the pipe 41 and is 90 ° as described above. When the installation location is changed one by one, an overlapping portion with the previously installed location is created. If the attachment location is selected so that an overlapping portion is formed in this way, it is possible to prevent an inspection omission that tends to occur at both ends of the guide wave sensor 3.

  Next, the effect of the nondestructive inspection apparatus of this embodiment will be described with reference to a comparative example.

  As a comparative example of the nondestructive inspection apparatus of the present embodiment, a first probe group, a second probe group, and a third probe group in which a plurality of ultrasonic probes are arranged over the entire circumference of a pipe are used. There is a non-destructive inspection apparatus in which these probe groups are arranged in the axial direction of the pipe to be inspected in order to transmit a guide wave in one direction of the pipe (see Patent Document 1). However, since this inspection apparatus performs inspection using a probe group formed by arranging a plurality of probes over the entire circumference of the pipe, the probe increases as the diameter of the pipe to be inspected increases. The size of the group will also increase. Further, if the diameter of the pipe to be inspected changes, it may be necessary to separately prepare a probe group having a size corresponding to that.

  On the other hand, the nondestructive inspection apparatus of the present embodiment pipes a plurality of probes 1a to 1d with an arrangement interval Dc that is less than the wavelength (λ1) of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength among the circumferential guide waves 8b. 9 is formed by arranging the first probe row 1 and the plurality of probes 2a to 2d arranged in a part in the circumferential direction of the pipe 9 at a part in the circumferential direction of the pipe 9 at the arrangement interval Dc. The guide wave sensor 3 having the second probe row 2 provided from the first probe row 1 in the axial direction of the pipe 9 via the arrangement interval Da, the first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2. The time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the probe row 2 is shifted by the time required for the axial guide wave 8a to propagate the distance corresponding to the arrangement interval Da (Td). A guide wave transceiver 4 for applying a transmission signal to the second probe array 2 is provided.

  According to the nondestructive inspection apparatus configured as described above, the time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the first probe array 1 and the time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the second probe array 2 are shifted by Td. Therefore, the amplitude of the reflected wave of the guide wave can be amplified, and the circumferential distance Dc between the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d is less than the wavelength of the circumferential guide wave 8b. Noise due to the direction guide wave 8b can be reduced. Thereby, since a reflected wave with little noise can be received, even when the guide wave sensor 3 is provided in a part in the circumferential direction, a sufficient nondestructive inspection can be performed. As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the defect can be measured with the probe array installed in a part of the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, a nondestructive inspection independent of the diameter of the cylindrical member can be performed. . Also, according to the present embodiment, the guide wave sensor can be made smaller than before, so that it can be inspected more easily than before.

  In the above configuration, if the circumferential arrangement distance Dc of the probes 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d is set so as to approach half of the shortest wavelength λ1, the circumferential guide as shown in FIG. Since the wave 8b can be further suppressed, smaller defects can also be detected.

  Furthermore, if an intensity adjusting unit that adjusts the intensity of the guide wave transmitted from the guide wave sensor 3 is added to the above configuration, the guide wave transmitted from the probe near the circumferential end of the pipe 9 is added. By reducing the strength as much as possible, the influence of the circumferential guide wave 8b can be further reduced as shown in FIG. 8C, so that even smaller defects can be detected.

  In the above description, the configuration in which the guide wave is transmitted and received by the first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 has been described. However, the first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 are described. May be dedicated to transmission, and a probe wave sensor may be configured by providing other probe rows exclusively for reception (third probe row, fourth probe row). Specifically, the circumferential arrangement interval Dc and the axial arrangement interval Da in the first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 are applied in the same manner, and transmitted from the first probe row 1. It is preferable to provide a third probe row for receiving a guide wave and a fourth probe row for receiving a guide wave transmitted from the second probe row 2. When receiving and transmitting guide waves with separate probe trains in this way, the effect of reverberation of the guide waves is reduced, so compared to the case where guide wave transmission and reception is performed with the same probe train, A defect close to the guide wave sensor can be detected.

  Next, another configuration of the guide wave sensor will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17. The guide wave sensor 3 </ b> A described below is different from the guide wave sensor 3 fixed by the support rope 13 in the fixing method to the cylindrical member.

  16A is a top view of a modified example of the guide wave sensor, FIG. 16B is an elevation view of the modified example of the guide wave sensor, and FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the guide wave sensor shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state.

  The guide wave sensor 3A shown in these drawings includes an air cylinder 52, probe support members 53a and 53b, a bracket 54, and a suction pad 51.

  A probe is attached to the tip of the rod of the air cylinder 52. Each probe is biased by the air cylinder 52 so as to be pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member.

  The probe support members 53a and 53b support and fix the air cylinder 52 and support the probe. Each of the probe support members 53a and 53b supports two air cylinders 52 arranged in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. The two air cylinders 52 include the first probe row 1 and the second probe cylinders 1 and 2. Probes constituting the probe row 2 are respectively attached. The probe support member 53a and the probe support member 53b are members arranged adjacent to each other along the probe arrangement direction (circumferential direction of the cylindrical member), and the arrangement of the probe rows. The pins (shafts) 55 inserted from the direction (axial direction of the cylindrical member) are slidably connected to each other. Suction pads 51 are attached via brackets 54 to both side surfaces of the cylinder support member 53a in the arrangement direction of the probe rows. The suction pad 51 fixes the guide wave sensor 3A in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the guide wave sensor 3 </ b> A configured as described above is an inspection target (cylindrical member) by an air suction mechanism including probe support materials 53 a and 53 b, a pin 55, a suction pad 51, and the like. ) Fix each probe in a posture suitable for the caliber. According to the guide wave sensor 3A configured in this way, the guide wave sensor 3A can be attached to a cylindrical member having an arbitrary diameter, so that the inspection can be further facilitated.

  In the above case, the case where the suction pad 51 is used as the probe support member 53 fixed to the cylindrical member has been described. However, when the inspection target is a magnetic body, the suction pad 41 is replaced. A magnet attracting mechanism in which a magnet (not shown) is attached may be used.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is an example in which the guide wave sensor 3 is used for a flaw detection inspection of a tank.

  FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a nondestructive inspection method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  In this figure, the guide wave sensor 3 is attached to a cylindrical tank 61, and the tank 61 has an upper end portion 61a and a thinned portion (defect) 61b. When the inspection is performed on a structure having a huge outer periphery with respect to the guide wave sensor 3 such as the tank 61, the installation location of the guide wave sensor 3 as described in the first embodiment is a cylinder. It takes time and effort to carry out the procedure of changing along the circumferential direction of the member. Therefore, when inspecting the tank 61, it is preferable to carry out the following procedure.

  That is, in the present embodiment, the inspection is performed by transmitting a guide wave at an angle with respect to the axial direction of the cylindrical member, such as the guide wave 8c and the guide wave 8d in the drawing. Thus, in order to transmit a guide wave at an angle arbitrarily set with respect to the axial direction of the cylindrical member (hereinafter referred to as a set angle), one side of each probe row in the circumferential direction is transmitted by the guide wave transmitter / receiver 4. A transmission signal may be applied at a predetermined interval from the probe at the end toward the probe at the other end. For example, in order to transmit a guide wave propagating in the left direction in the figure like the guide wave 8c from the first probe row 1, first, a guide wave is transmitted from the probe 1d located at the right end in the figure. After that, a guide wave is transmitted from the probe 1c on the left side with a predetermined interval. Thereafter, guide waves are transmitted in the order of the probe 1b and the probe 1a at the same interval as when transmission signals are applied to the probe 1d and the probe 1c. Further, in order to transmit a guide wave propagating in the right direction in the figure like the guide wave 8d, a guide wave is transmitted from the probe 1a located at the left end in the figure toward the probe 1d at the right end. Just do it. The angle at which the guide wave propagates is determined by the interval at which the transmission signal is applied to each probe. The same applies to the second probe row 2.

  In the actual inspection, it is unclear in which direction the defect (thinning, etc.) exists with respect to the guide wave sensor 3, so each probe 1 a to 1 d, 2 a to The interval at which the transmission signal is applied to 2d is controlled, and the angle at which the guide wave propagates is switched at a pitch of several degrees to obtain the reception signal. The received signal thus obtained is displayed on the display device 7 as a video signal. On the display screen of the display device 7 in the figure, the upper end portion 61a is displayed as an image 62a, and the thinned portion 61b is displayed as an image 62b.

  More specifically, the time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the first probe row 1 at an arbitrary set angle θ and the interval (Da) from the first probe row 1 to the tank 61 in the axial direction. The time at which the guide wave is transmitted at the set angle θ from the attached second probe array 2 and the guide wave transmitted at the set angle θ are the first probe array 1 and the second probe array 2. A guide wave is transmitted from the first probe row 1 and the second probe row 2 so as to be shifted by a time (delay time) required for passing between them. Then, as described in the first embodiment, in order to reduce the noise of the received signal, the arrangement interval in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical members of the plurality of probes is changed, or the number of both end portions in the circumferential direction is changed. A process for reducing the guide wave propagating in the direction orthogonal to the set angle θ may be performed by adjusting the intensity of the guide wave transmitted by the probe.

  As described above, according to the nondestructive inspection apparatus of the present embodiment, the nondestructive inspection can be performed even on a large structure such as a tank using the guide wave sensor 3, so that a large cylinder Costs and labor required for inspection of structures can be greatly reduced.

The block diagram of the nondestructive inspection apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a guide wave sensor 3 in FIG. 1. The block diagram of the guide wave transmitter / receiver 4 in FIG. The flowchart of the test | inspection by the nondestructive inspection apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the transmission signal applied to the probes 1a-1d and 2a-2d. The figure which shows the transmission signal applied to the probes 1a-1d and 2a-2d. The figure of the waveform data of the received signal received by the probe rows 1 and 2, and the waveform data which corrected and synthesize | combined it. The figure which shows the amplitude of an axial direction guide wave and a circumferential direction guide wave. The figure which shows the voltage applied to the probe of a probe row | line | column. The comparison figure of the inhibitory effect of the circumferential direction guide wave when not carrying out weighting transmission / reception with the number of probes in the circumferential direction as a parameter. Explanatory drawing of the piping test body used for the confirmation test of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the 1st test result of the piping test body shown in FIG. The figure which shows the 2nd test result of the piping test body shown in FIG. The figure which shows the 3rd test result of the piping test body shown in FIG. The figure which shows the 4th test result of the piping test body shown in FIG. The block diagram of the other guide wave sensor used for the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the installation state of the guide wave sensor shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing of the nondestructive inspection method which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st ultrasonic probe row | line | column 1a-1d Ultrasonic probe 2 2nd ultrasonic probe row | line | column 2a-2d Ultrasonic probe 3 Guide wave sensor 4 Guide wave transmitter / receiver 5 A / D converter 6a Central control unit 6b Signal processing unit 7 Display device 8 Guide wave 8b Circumferential guide wave 9 Pipe 9a Pipe end 9b Defect 11 Cylinder 12 Support member Dc Circumferential arrangement interval Da Axial arrangement interval Td Delay time λ1 Shortest circumferential guide wave Wavelength 52 Air cylinder 53 Cylinder support 54 Bracket 55 Suction pad 61 Tank 61a Tank upper end 62b Thinning part

Claims (14)

In non-destructive inspection equipment that inspects defects of cylindrical members with guide waves,
A first ultrasonic probe array formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes in a part of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction at a predetermined interval;
A plurality of ultrasonic probes are formed on a part of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction with a predetermined interval, and are arranged from the first ultrasonic probe row via the interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. A second ultrasonic probe array provided,
By controlling the timing of applying transmission signals to the plurality of ultrasonic probes included in the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array, the first ultrasonic probe is controlled. And a guide wave transmitting unit that controls a propagation angle of a guide wave transmitted from the second ultrasonic probe array,
The guide wave transmitting unit includes a first ultrasonic probe in which the time at which a guide wave is transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array is in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. A transmission signal is sent to the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row so that the distance between the row and the second ultrasonic probe row is shifted by the time required for the guide wave to propagate. Apply
The distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, and the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the second ultrasonic probe row. The center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is a guide wave having the shortest wavelength among the guide waves propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member having a wavelength different from that of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. A non-destructive inspection apparatus characterized by having a wavelength of less than. The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
The distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, and the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the second ultrasonic probe row. The center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is set to approach half the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength, respectively. In the nondestructive inspection device according to claim 1 or 2,
Among the plurality of ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row, at least one ultrasonic probe arranged at both ends in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. Guide waves transmitted from the plurality of ultrasonic probes so that the intensity of the guide waves transmitted from the child becomes weaker as the intensity of the guide waves transmitted from the probe near the end in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member decreases. A nondestructive inspection apparatus, further comprising a strength adjusting unit that adjusts the strength of the test piece. In the nondestructive inspection device according to claim 3,
The intensity adjusting unit adjusts the force for pressing the plurality of ultrasonic probes against the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical member according to the arrangement position of the plurality of ultrasonic probes in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. A nondestructive inspection device characterized by being an urging force adjusting mechanism. In the nondestructive inspection device according to claim 3,
The intensity adjusting unit is a load impedance adjusting mechanism that adjusts a load impedance acting on the plurality of ultrasonic probes in accordance with an arrangement position of the plurality of ultrasonic probes in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. A nondestructive inspection device characterized by that. The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
The plurality of ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array are fixed to the cylindrical member through a magnet attracting mechanism. Destructive inspection equipment. The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
The plurality of ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row are fixed to the cylindrical member via an air adsorption mechanism. Destructive inspection equipment. The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
The plurality of ultrasonic probes of the first ultrasonic probe array or the second ultrasonic probe array are fixed to a plurality of support members arranged in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member,
The support member is a non-destructive inspection apparatus in which support portions adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member are connected to each other through a shaft so as to be swingable. The nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
A third ultrasonic probe array formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes in a part of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction at a predetermined interval;
A plurality of ultrasonic probes are arranged in a part of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction with a predetermined interval, and the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row are arranged. A fourth ultrasonic probe row provided at an interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member from the third ultrasonic probe row by an amount corresponding to the interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member;
A guide wave is transmitted by the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array, and a guide wave is received by the third ultrasonic probe array and the fourth ultrasonic probe array. And
The distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the third ultrasonic probe row in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member and the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the fourth ultrasonic probe row. The center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is a guide wave having the shortest wavelength among the guide waves propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member having a wavelength different from that of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. A non-destructive inspection apparatus characterized by having a wavelength of less than. In the non-destructive inspection method for inspecting defects of cylindrical members with guide waves,
A time at which a guide wave is transmitted from a first ultrasonic probe array formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes at a predetermined interval on a portion of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction; and the cylinder A plurality of ultrasonic probes are arranged on a part of the circumferential direction of the member with a predetermined interval, and are attached from the first ultrasonic probe row with an interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. The time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the second ultrasonic probe array and the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member is the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe. A procedure of transmitting a guide wave from the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row so as to be shifted by a time required for passing between the child rows;
Receiving a guide wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array;
A procedure for processing the received signal to generate inspection information;
The distance between the centers in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row so that noise due to the guide wave propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is reduced, The distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the second ultrasonic probe array in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is different from that of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. A non-destructive inspection method comprising adjusting the guide wave to be less than the shortest wavelength among the guide waves propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. In the nondestructive inspection method according to claim 10,
The distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, and the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the second ultrasonic probe row. The center-to-center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is equal to or more than half the wavelength of the shortest guide wave among the guide waves propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, and the guide propagates in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. A nondestructive inspection method characterized by being shorter than the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength among the waves. In the non-destructive inspection method for inspecting defects of cylindrical members with guide waves,
A time at which a guide wave is transmitted from a first ultrasonic probe array formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes at a predetermined interval on a portion of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction; and the cylinder A plurality of ultrasonic probes are arranged on a part of the circumferential direction of the member with a predetermined interval, and are attached from the first ultrasonic probe row with an interval in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. The time at which the guide wave is transmitted from the second ultrasonic probe array and the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member is the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe. A procedure of transmitting a guide wave from the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row so as to be shifted by a time required for passing between the child rows;
Receiving a guide wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array;
A procedure for processing the received signal to generate inspection information;
The distance between the centers in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row so that noise due to the guide wave propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is reduced, The distance between the centers of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the second ultrasonic probe array in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member is different from that of the guide wave propagating in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. A procedure for adjusting the guide wave propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member to less than the wavelength of the shortest guide wave,
In order to reduce noise due to the guide wave propagating in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, the intensity of the guide wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row is determined by the cylindrical member. Adjusting the intensity of the guide wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row so as to decrease as it is arranged at the end in the circumferential direction of A non-destructive inspection method comprising: In the non-destructive inspection method for inspecting defects of cylindrical members with guide waves,
A guide wave is transmitted at an arbitrary set angle from a first ultrasonic probe array formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes on a part of the cylindrical member in the circumferential direction at a predetermined interval. A plurality of ultrasonic probes are arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member at a time, and are formed from the first ultrasonic probe row in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. A time at which a guide wave is transmitted at the set angle from a second ultrasound probe array attached via an interval, and a time at which the guide wave transmitted at the set angle is transmitted from the first ultrasound probe array. Procedure for transmitting a guide wave from the first ultrasonic probe row and the second ultrasonic probe row so as to be shifted by the time required for passing between the second ultrasonic probe rows. When,
Receiving a guide wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic probe array and the second ultrasonic probe array;
A procedure for processing the received signal to generate inspection information;
The adjacent ultrasonic probes in the first ultrasonic probe row in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member are reduced so that the noise due to the guide wave propagating through the cylindrical member in the direction orthogonal to the set angle is reduced. The center distance and the center distance in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member of each of the adjacent ultrasonic probes in the second ultrasonic probe row are propagated through the cylindrical member in a direction orthogonal to the set angle. A non-destructive inspection method comprising: adjusting the guide wave to be shorter than the wavelength of the guide wave having the shortest wavelength. The nondestructive inspection method according to any one of claims 10 to 13,
The nondestructive inspection method characterized by further comprising the procedure which changes the location which installs the said guide wave sensor with respect to the said cylindrical member along the circumferential direction of the said cylindrical member.

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