JP5528716B2 - Plant growth control method using mannose - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to plant growth regulation using mannose, and more particularly to a plant growth regulator comprising mannose as an active ingredient, and a plant growth regulation method using mannose for induction of a plant growth regulator.

Various nutrients are necessary for plants to grow. For example, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash are known as the three major elements of fertilizer. Furthermore, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl, Si, Na, etc. are required as minerals. These nutrients and minerals such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are fertilized in the form of original fertilizer and top fertilizer, or are diluted with liquid fertilizer and given by soil irrigation or foliar application. In plant tissue culture such as production of meliclon seedling, it is added as a medium component. These components are indispensable for the growth of plants, but even if they are applied in a certain concentration or higher, they cannot contribute further to the growth and yield of plants.
However, promoting the growth of crops, increasing the yield per unit area, and increasing the yield and shortening the cultivation period are important issues in agricultural production, and various plant growth regulators necessary for this have been developed. It's being used. Plant growth regulators typified by gibberellins and auxins are used to control germination, rooting, elongation, flowering, fruit growth, and morphogenic reactions. And complex and has limited applications. In order to solve such problems, foliar sprays using oligosaccharides and liquid fertilizers containing sugar, minerals, amino acids, seaweed extracts and microbial fermentation extracts are foliar sprayed or solution fertilizers are applied. However, it is not practically sufficient in terms of effect.
In addition, as described in the background art of Patent Document 1, conventional plant growth regulators emphasize the effect of promoting plant growth, and aim at the effect of suppressing plant growth except for herbicides and the like. Not a thing. However, there is a need for a technique for appropriately suppressing plant growth in fields such as seedling storage before planting and extending the life of ornamental plants.

International Publication No. 2005/112638 International Publication No. 2003/97827. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-125776 Japanese Patent No. 4009720

Then, an object of this invention is to provide the plant growth regulator which uses mannose as an active ingredient.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating plant growth using mannose. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating plant growth in which mannose is applied to a plant root, stem, foliage or fruit in a solution or solid state by foliar application or soil irrigation. And

  On March 15, 2008, the first Super Sugar High School (SSH) Consortium's “Latest Bio World through Rare Sugar” workshop was held in the latter program of the “First Rare Sugar Koshien”. Based on deliverables at the time of holding. As a result of observing differences in growth rate, shape of grown plant, and taste by changing the type or concentration of sugar added to the culture medium of the same species, we discovered for the first time that mannose inhibits plant growth. The present invention has been completed based on the findings.

That is, this invention provides the plant growth regulator as described in the following (1).
(1) A plant growth regulator comprising D-mannose as an active ingredient for inducing a plant growth regulator comprising inhibition of broccoli germination.

Moreover, this invention provides the growth control method of the plant as described in the following (2).
(2) A method for regulating plant growth, comprising using D-mannose to induce a plant growth regulator comprising suppression of broccoli germination.

According to the present invention, a plant growth regulator comprising mannose as an active ingredient can be provided.
Further, according to the present invention, by using mannose, it is possible to induce plant growth regulators such as growth control of silkworm radish and broccoli sprout, inhibition of pollen tube elongation, and promotion of flowering. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a plant in which mannose is applied and applied to the roots, stems, leaves, or fruits of the plant in a solution state or in a solid state by foliar application, immersed in a pruning base solution, or soil irrigation. A growth control method can be provided.

It is the photograph replaced with drawing explaining the difference in the germination by the sugar of the experiment conducted in Example 1 for the 2nd time. 6 is a photograph replacing a drawing for explaining a difference in germination due to sugar in the third experiment of Example 2. FIG. It is a microscope picture instead of drawing explaining the mode of germination of the camellia pollen (glucose) of Example 2.

In the present invention, a “plant” that can be treated with a plant growth regulator can be recognized from the term plant itself, vegetables, fruits, fruit trees, cereals, seeds, bulbs, flowers, herbs, taxonomic plants. Etc.
An explanation will be given by taking the golden radish used in the embodiment as an example. A product of radish seedlings grown in the dark in the form of bean sprouts and then greening the leaves in a bright place is called Kaiware, which is produced as a condiment food. Kaiware contains 4-methylthio-3-butenyl-isothiocyanate as a pungent component, but it is thought to be halved when left at room temperature for 60 minutes, and it decomposes quickly. It is expected that For this reason, development of silkworms that retain pungent components is desired. It has been reported that the sensory test of the taste of harvested silkworms is conducted on items of sweetness, acidity, bitterness, salty taste, umami taste, astringency, pungent taste, gummy taste, richness, sharpness, and crunchiness. In the present invention, a sensory test of the taste was performed on the “pungency” of kaiware.

Mannose used in the present invention will be described. There are seven kinds of monosaccharides present in large quantities in nature: D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-ribose, D-xylose and L-arabinose, and mannose is included in these seven kinds . Other monosaccharides can be classified as rare sugars with a small abundance in nature (Patent Document 2). Sugar alcohol can be produced by reducing monosaccharides, but D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are relatively large in nature, but the others are quantitatively small, and these are also rare sugars according to the present invention. Defined. These rare sugars have been difficult to obtain until now, but methods for producing rare sugars from monosaccharides present in large quantities in nature are being developed and can be produced using this technology.
The most famous xylitol can be easily produced by reducing D-xylose that can be produced from wood of unused resources. Among rare sugars, mass production is now possible.

The rare sugar to which psicose belongs will be explained. A “rare sugar” can be defined as a monosaccharide that exists only in trace amounts in nature. There are seven types of monosaccharides that exist in large quantities in nature: D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-ribose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose. Can be classified into rare sugars.
Among the rare sugars, a rare sugar called D-psicose that is currently mass-produced will be described. Psicose is one of the hexoses having a ketone group among monosaccharides. This psicose is known to have D-form and L-form as optical isomers. Here, D-psicose is a known substance but rarely exists in nature. Therefore, it is defined as “rare sugar” according to the definition of the International Society of Rare Sugars. D-psicose is a D-form of psicose classified as ketose and is a hexose (C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ ). Such D-psicose may be obtained by any means including those extracted from the natural world, those synthesized by chemical or biosynthesis methods, and the like. It may be relatively easily prepared, for example, by a technique using epimerase (see, for example, Patent Document 3). The obtained D-psicose solution can be purified by a method such as deproteinization, decolorization, desalting, etc., if necessary, and concentrated to collect a syrup-like D-psicose product. A fraction with a purity of 99% or more can be easily obtained by fractionation and purification. Such D-psicose can be used as a monosaccharide as it is, and is also expected to be used as various derivatives as required.

  The form of the plant growth regulator comprising mannose of the present invention as an active ingredient may be any of liquid, paste, wettable powder, granule, powder, tablet and the like. As a method for supplying the plant growth regulator of the present invention to plants, various means can be used. For example, spraying powders and granules, spraying diluted aqueous solution directly to plants such as foliage, stems, fruits, etc., injecting into the soil, hydroponics and rock wool, etc. The method of diluting and supplying to the hydroponic liquid and supply water which are being supplied is mentioned. For example, when diluting and supplying hydroponic liquid or supply water, mannose of various concentrations (0.005 to 0.5 M) is dissolved in liquid fertilizer and treated, and the seedlings are grown in hydroponics to determine the optimum concentration. be able to. The supply of mannose to plants can be appropriately determined with reference to the above concentration range even when the supply method is changed.

  An example of the manufacturing process of radish radish according to this embodiment will be described. First, tap water, groundwater, etc. are prepared as raw water, and water for use is prepared from this water. The tap water refers to water suitable for drinking that conforms to the water quality standards of the Water Supply Law, and in this embodiment, tap water filtered with a strainer is used.

  On the other hand, a liquid fertilizer is prepared by a dissolution process using powder fertilizer, and diluted liquid fertilizer is prepared by adding use water and groundwater as necessary to this liquid fertilizer stock solution. The cultivation container is pretreated by the washing and sterilization process using the water used or the groundwater. In addition, we prepare urethane for sowing and pot and film for packing.

  As the diluted liquid fertilizer, for example, diluted liquid fertilizer in a ratio of 1 volume of water and 3 volumes of liquid fertilizer stock is used. As an example of preparing diluted liquid fertilizer, when using water, 30 grams of hydroponics fertilizer No. 1 and 20 grams of hydroponics fertilizer No. 2 are mixed with 20 liters of water as a guideline for adjustment. Favorable results are obtained. In addition, when the amount of water supplied is small and according to the amount of groundwater, the groundwater may be appropriately added.

  In order to cultivate radish radish according to the present invention, first, seeds are prepared, and the seeds are immersed in the use water for about 6 to 8 hours in order to improve germination. As a specific example, 0.8 liters of seeds are soaked in 8 liters of working water for 7 hours. The seeds are lifted from the water used, washed with water, drained, and allowed to sleep overnight in the germination room.

  Next, on the second day, seeds germinated using the urethane and water used are sown, and they are cultivated in a place that is not exposed to sunlight while sprinkling the water used and a suitable amount of diluted fertilizer. Greening is done by sprinkling water and diluting liquid fertilizer while controlling room temperature in a good room. Harvest 2 to 3 days later.

  An aqueous solution of mannose can be used as water for immersing the seed. When adding an aqueous mannose solution to the above cultivation water and liquid fertilizer, mannose aqueous solutions of various concentrations (0.005-0.5 M) are prepared and added to them, and the seedlings are raised by hydroponics.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples. Examples 1 and 2 are reference examples.

Relationship between radish and sugar
[Experiment contents]
Sugar is an energy source for animals. Plants produce sugar by photosynthesis, but we observe the relationship between whether sugar affects germination and growth at the stage where photosynthesis is not performed.
[experimental method]
(1) Sugar used (concentration: 0.2 mol / L)
The following 8 types of sugars and starch (Starch) were used.
D-Glucose Sigma Commercial Reagent
D-fructose Sigma commercial reagent
D-Mannose Sigma Commercial Reagent
D-psicose Produced from D-fructose Xylitol Sigma commercial reagent Trehalose Hayashibara product Sucrose Sigma commercial reagent Starch
Wako Pure Chemical Reagents

(2) Experiment conducted Raising and observing radishes using sugar 1st time Soaking in pure water and giving an aqueous solution of sugar at the time of sowing 2nd Soaking in an aqueous solution of sugar and giving an aqueous solution of sugar at the time of seeding 3rd time Immerse in pure water and aqueous sugar solution to give an aqueous solution of sugar at the time of sowing

[Results and discussion]
As for the growth of radish, there was a clear difference depending on the sugar to be given, and the number of germinated mannose and psicose was small, and even after germination, there was not much growth.
Even in the second experiment, mannose and psicose did not germinate, and xylitol, fructose, glucose and trehalose did not grow much compared to water. The difference in germination due to sugar in the experiment conducted the second time is shown in FIG. Table 1 shows the difference in germination and growth by sugar in the experiments conducted in the first and second rounds.

  What can be understood by observation is that mannose and psicose clearly inhibited germination and growth. From this result, even if it is the monosaccharide of the same molecular weight, the influence which it has on a plant is completely different.

Comparing the structural formulas of D-mannose and D-glucose, as shown in Chemical Formula 1, the position of OH bonded to carbon 2 is only on the opposite side. The molecular weight and the number of elements are exactly the same. This slight difference in binding shows that it appears as a completely different response to organisms.

When comparing D-psicose and D-fructose, they have the same molecular weight and the same number of atoms as in the case of D-mannose and D-glucose, but show completely different actions. However, the difference between these two structures is that the bonding direction of the third OH of carbon is different as shown in Chemical formula 2.

  That is, by comparing these two sugars bonded to carbon, it can be learned that plants react sensitively by distinguishing between the position of OH in carbon 2 and the position of OH in carbon 3.

Then, I was told that I had grown up and tried radish. It can be seen that there is a distinct taste difference and that xylitol is very hot. Xylitol is widely used as a sweetener that is sweet to humans and good for caries. You can understand how plants react to it. There is little effect on germination and growth. However, the spicy taste means that the effect of xylitol on radish sprouts acts as a substance that increases the hotness.
That is, xylitol is used for cultivation of radish radish and acts as a spicy component increase agent for radish radish that increases the amount of pungent component produced in the body of radish radish.

[Elongation of pollen tube by sugar difference]
[the purpose]
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sugar on plant growth. The seeds of plants are equipped with nutrients for germination, and it was considered difficult to examine the effects of growth. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to investigate the difference in pollen tube elongation by cultivating pollen on agar medium supplemented with sugar using pollen, which is thought to have little nutrients for growth.
[experimental method]
(1) Sugar used Six types of sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylitol, mannose and psicose were used.
Sucrose Sigma Commercial Reagent
D-Glucose Sigma Commercial Reagent
D-fructose Sigma commercial reagent Xylitol Sigma commercial reagent
D-Mannose Sigma Commercial Reagent
D-psicose produced from D-fructose

(2) Pollen tube culture Camellia, Japanese cedar, Kodemari, lily and gerbera were used for the pollen ^* . Each pollen was dried in a desiccator for 1 day. The agar medium adjusted so that the concentration of each sugar was 8% was sprayed on the surface so that each pollen became uniform. Thereafter, each medium was allowed to stand for a certain period of time. (The room temperature is about 15 ° C)
* Kodemari, Yuri, and Gerbera were purchased from a florist.
(3) Examination method of pollen tube elongation A part of each medium was taken out at regular intervals, and the germination rate and pollen tube elongation were observed with a microscope.

[Results and discussion]
Camellia and Kodemari sprouted within 24 hours. In particular, some camellia were germinated within 3 hours after pollen application. Sucrose, glucose and fructose depended on germination rate and pollen tube elongation, but mannose and psicose hardly germinated. FIG. 3 shows a photomicrograph illustrating the appearance of camellia pollen (glucose) germination.
The expansion of pollen tubes in Camellia and Codemari is thought to be due to the fact that pollen tube elongation is susceptible to temperature and coincides with the flowering time of these flowers.

  The results are summarized in Table 2. This result shows that D-mannose and D-psicose have an inhibitory effect as in the case of radish. This can be understood that plants recognize the subtle structural differences of monosaccharides, as described above.

[Effects of various sugars on broccoli sprout growth]
[the purpose]
Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various sugars in the process of germinating broccoli seeds and growing sprout.
[experimental method]
1) Seed growing method Broccoli seeds were immersed in water for 8 hours and then used for experiments. An experiment was conducted using a plate having 24 cylindrical holes each having a diameter of 1.5 cm and a depth of 1.5 cm. The experiment was started by putting absorbent cotton in half the volume of the hole and placing 10 broccoli seeds immersed in water on the absorbent cotton. The temperature was 25 ° C. in the dark. Absorbent cotton used was water alone or various sugars dissolved therein.
2) Method for confirming the effect on growth Periodic observation of the germination status of seeds inoculated in each hole was confirmed by comparing the seeds without sugar and those with sugar. .
3) Added sugar The concentration of the aqueous solution of saccharide was 10% and dissolved in tap water. The sugars used were sucrose, xylitol, trehalose, D-mannose, D-psicose, D-fructose, and D-glucose. 1 ml was added to one hole.
Sucrose Sigma Commercial Reagents Xylitol Sigma Commercial Reagents Trehalose Hayashibara Products
D-Mannose Sigma Commercial Reagent
D-psicose Produced from D-fructose
D-fructose Sigma commercial reagent
D-glucose Sigma commercial reagent The results were compared by observing the appearance of petals.

[Results and discussion]
Compared with water, the rate of germination and growth was slower for those added with sugar. Clearly, D-mannose and D-psicose clearly inhibited the rate of germination and growth, and germination was not observed even after one week.
As a qualitative result, D-mannose and D-psicose clearly strongly inhibited broccoli germination. In particular, regarding the suppression of D-psicose, the suppression effect on many plants has been recognized, but the suppression by D-mannose was completely unexpected.

As can be seen from the fact that D-psicose, which is a rare sugar, is recognized as a foreign substance and causes reactions such as elicitor for plants, the inhibitory effect of D-psicose on various plants has already been achieved (Patent Document 4). .
However, it was completely unexpected that the inhibitory effect of D-mannose and D-psicose was found.
D-mannose is a main component such as konjac mannan, and is a monosaccharide that exists in many other natural worlds among many sugar chains in living bodies. Therefore, it was generally expected that there would be no effect on plants as with D-glucose. This inhibitory effect of D-mannose is an inhibitory effect on plants by monosaccharides other than rare sugars. This means that an effect as a completely new inhibitor can be expected, and D-mannose can be produced by using isomerase from D-fructose at a very low cost.
In other words, industrially inexpensive and safe considering the fact that it can be easily produced at low cost from waste in the konjac industry and that it can be produced from isomerase from D-fructose in large quantities. It can be expected that it can be used as a plant growth inhibitor.

Claims (2)

A plant growth regulator comprising D-mannose as an active ingredient for inducing a plant growth regulator comprising inhibition of broccoli germination. A method for regulating plant growth, comprising using D-mannose for the induction of a plant growth regulator comprising inhibition of broccoli germination.