JP5522798B2 - Ballast water purification method - Google Patents

Description

  The ballast water discharge standard adopted by the IMF (International Maritime Organization) is to reduce the ballast water floating organisms, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and bacteria (cholera, Escherichia coli, enterococci) of the ship to discharge below the standard. And achieve the standard, and sterilize biological communities (floating organisms, seaweeds, shellfish) adhering to the hull to prevent adhesion, prevent marine environmental pollution, save energy, and reduce CO2 emissions. Concerning prevention.

  At the time of unloading, the ships leaving the port load ballast water as ballast at the port of departure, load the seawater of the port into the ballast tank, and discharge the ballast water to the outside of the ship when loading at the port where the ship stops, microorganisms contained in the ballast water Has adversely affected the ecosystem as an alien species, causing pollution of the marine environment.

  Seawater or water stored in a ballast tank is initially sterilized by applying a chlorinated disinfectant, a power supply, or heating by a heat exchanger, but if left as it is, germs and The sea or river causes pollution of the marine environment as mold grows and discharges out of the ship.

  Living organisms adhering to the hull, etc. will increase the safety of the ship, and the speed will decrease because the resistance of the whole ship will increase, so a large amount of fuel will be consumed to maintain a constant speed, and the marine environment will be contaminated by the introduction of exotic marine organisms I am letting.

  In the ballast tank of the ship, nitrogen gas is supplied so that the oxygen concentration in the gas phase is 2% or less to reduce the oxygen concentration in the balance, thereby preventing corrosion in the ballast tank, Patent Document 1 describes the prevention of marine pollution caused by ballast water by killing micro-organisms.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-234487

  Incorporating electrode pairs in the ship's ballast water intake and drainage passages, applying voltage and current from 1,2 volts 0.7 amperes to 6 volts 2 amperes to the electrode pairs to generate an electric field without generating by-products Patent Document 2 describes a method of instantaneously killing red tide plankton in a balancer water by applying an electric shock to a mixed organism and destroying a cell membrane.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-334563

  Ballast water sterilization method uses a chlorine-based disinfectant or hydrogen peroxide in the ship's ballast water to kill harmful algae cysts contained in the ballast water and prevent pollution of the harbor by draining the ballast water Patent Document 3 describes a method that can perform this.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-322788

  However, the technique of Patent Document 1 requires a large-scale apparatus such as a liquid nitrogen production apparatus, a liquid nitrogen tank, and an evaporator, requires oxygen concentration analysis management, and operation of the apparatus requires energy.

  Furthermore, in the technique of Patent Document 2, a plurality of electrode pairs, an electrode pair container, a heating device, and a power supply device are necessary, and the power supply device is necessary for always flowing current.

  Furthermore, in the technique of Patent Document 3, a chlorine-based disinfectant and hydrogen peroxide are used for sterilizing ballast water, so a device for detoxifying residual chlorine in water by generating toxic gas is necessary. Cause.

  The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and exhibits a sterilization effect without requiring a liquid nitrogen production apparatus, a power supply apparatus, a chlorine-based disinfectant or a hydrogen peroxide generator. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode purifier that can be used.

  In the electrode purifier of the present invention, at least two kinds of metals having different electromotive force levels in the electrochemical potential train are arranged on the side surface of the hull, separated in the presence of water vapor (in the air), in water ( When immersed in seawater, water, hot water), the electrode potential difference is the driving force for the electrochemical reaction, and continues to exert antibacterial or antifungal effects, as well as the generator function and fuel cell function that continue to generate electricity as long as there is water and water vapor. It is characterized by having.

  In general, it is known that silver ions and copper ions have an antibacterial action. However, a certain level of concentration is necessary for silver ions and copper ions to exhibit a sufficient antibacterial effect. According to the Journal of the Japanese Society for Antimicrobial Prevention and Control (Vol. 22, No. 9 (1994)), the minimum concentrations of MICs whose growth was inhibited after culturing Escherichia coli and mold are as shown in the following table. In order to generate such high ions, sufficient conditions are required.

  On the other hand, the electrode purification apparatus of the present invention has at least two or more types of metal electrodes having electromotive forces with different electrochemical potential rows arranged apart from iron, aluminum, and resin on the side of the hull, and the presence of water vapor. It was discovered that the antibacterial and antifungal effects were exhibited by contact with (in the air) or immersion in seawater or water (including hot water). Metals with electromotive force levels in different types of metals in the electrochemical potential series are positive materials (positive side from above the electrochemical potential series) and negative materials (negative side from below the electrochemical potential series). ) Electrode potential difference is a driving force that causes an electrochemical reaction (electrochemical corrosion reaction), and static electricity flows from the negative (cathode) electrode to the positive (cathode) electrode. Is generated, an electric field is formed, metal ions at the cathode, and microorganisms are attracted to the electrode surface, and sterilized by crevice corrosion and electrical sterilization of discharge phenomenon, and electrochemical sterilization.

  Different types of metals with different electrochemical potential sequences are listed in Table 1, but when metals with different electromotive force levels are contacted or immersed in water in the presence of water vapor, these One direction becomes an anode and the other becomes a cathode (anode, cathode), and a potential difference is generated between the two, and this electrochemical reaction (electrochemical corrosion reaction) exhibits an antibacterial or anti-galling effect even when the metal ion concentration is low. It is. As the difference in electromotive force level increases, an electrochemical reaction caused by antibacterial or anti-gahi action is applied.

  The metal is magnesium, magnesium alloy, titanium oxide, sulfur, aluminum, aluminum / manganese alloy, cadmium plated steel, 80 tin / 20 tin plated steel, galvanized iron / steel, tin, zinc, zinc alloy, chromium, iron, Soft iron or steel, soft iron or steel tin (tin), brass, duralumin, lead, chrome plated steel, soft solder, nickel base chrome plated steel, tin plated steel, high chromium stainless steel, 12% chromium stainless steel, copper, copper alloy Silver, solder, copper alloy, nickel-plated steel, silver, rhodium-plated copper, silver / gold alloy, charcoal, activated carbon, platinum, and gold are preferred.

  The following experiment was carried out by rearranging the above metals for 3 years, rearranging different types of metals, fixing at least two different types of metals on the surface of cloth, resin or charcoal cloth, and fixing them in parallel. Separate a different kind of metal, insert a cloth, resin or charcoal cloth between the metals, stack the metal on the laminate, adhere to a larger cloth, resin or charcoal cloth, and immerse in water to make a water battery. As long as there is water, it has a power generation function that repeats discharging and charging, and continues to generate static electricity, confirming that it is an electric field formation, generator, and fuel cell.

  The voltage, current, and resistance generated in the above experiment always change. When the metal has a small electrode potential difference between at least two different metals, the generated voltage and current are small, and when the electrode potential difference is large, the voltage is large. It is confirmed that the current value is generated and the static electricity is generated at the same time, and is used for microbial control of microbial growth inhibition, sterilization, and growth and proliferation.

  The area of one of the metals having a low electromotive force with a different electrochemical potential sequence is preferably larger than the other area of the metal.

  One of the metals is preferably disposed on one surface of a cloth, resin or charcoal cloth, and the other of the metals is preferably disposed on the other surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth.

  It is preferable that at least one of the metals is formed in a lattice shape, a net shape, or a spiral shape on the surface of the cloth, resin, or charcoal cloth.

  It is preferable that one side of the metal is arranged so as to be surrounded by the other side of the metal on one side of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth.

  On one side of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth, one of the metals is preferably arranged side by side on the other side of the metal.

  It is preferable that the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth on which the metal is formed are laminated or parallel.

  The cloth, resin or charcoal cloth on which the metal is formed is preferably formed in a cylindrical shape.

    The metal may be formed on both surfaces of paint, silicon resin, resin or ceramic.

  Here, “cloth, resin” is a concept that widely includes a plate-like body made of cloth, paper, synthetic fiber, non-woven fabric, rubber, silicone resin, resin, synthetic resin, etc., and has an insulating function in a dry state. It is preferable that when cloth, paper, nonwoven fabric, rubber, resin, or synthetic resin is in contact with water vapor, the cloth, resin, paper, nonwoven fabric, rubber, or electrolyte solution (water, seawater, hot water) A material having electrical resistance between the ends of the cloth is used in a state where the material of the resin or the synthetic resin is wet.

  “Charcoal cloth” is a charcoal cloth with both sides of the charcoal sandwiched between cloth and resin. The charcoal is made by sandwiching and fixing sushi (Japanese paper) charcoal, bamboo charcoal, charcoal, activated carbon, fine activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotube from both sides. When cloth is in contact in the presence of water vapor, or when wet with electrolyte (water, seawater, hot water), Japanese (washi) charcoal, bamboo charcoal, charcoal, activated carbon, fine activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotube material Wet materials are used that cause electrical resistance between the edges of the material.

  Charcoal cloth with one side of charcoal fixed to cloth or resin is charcoal cloth with sardine (Japanese paper) charcoal, bamboo charcoal, charcoal, activated carbon, fine activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotubes on one side of the cloth. Material that has electric resistance between the edges of the material when it is in contact or when wet with electrolyte solution, wet (Japanese paper) charcoal, bamboo charcoal, activated carbon, fine particle activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotube material Is used.

  For the use of charcoal and activated carbon, a metal (electrode) with a different electrochemical potential sequence is combined with an electrode having an electromotive force level, and the electrochemical reaction (oxidation reduction reaction, Electrochemical energy generated by the electrochemical corrosion reaction, both positive and negative ions of the electrolyte are absorbed by the electrode surface by charging, paired with positive and negative charges in the electrode, store electricity, and the electric double layer disappears By using the electric double capacitor to charge and discharge the electric energy, we use sardine (Japanese paper) charcoal, bamboo charcoal, charcoal, activated carbon, fine particle activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotube charcoal.

  The present invention is an electric sterilization for sterilizing organisms and microorganisms (bacteria, mold, yeast, virus). Electrochemical sterilization is a metal (electrode) of a different kind of electrochemical potential sequence, and an electrode having an electromotive force level. Are separated and combined, and an electrode potential difference (electromotive force) is applied to adhere to the cloth or charcoal cloth. In the system where the electrode and the electrolyte are connected, the wet electrode, cloth, resin or charcoal cloth comes into contact with the electrons in the electrode. The reactivity of the electrochemical system reaction (electrochemical corrosion reaction) of the electric double layer in which electrons are exchanged at the interface of the electrolytic solution is a driving force for causing an electrochemical reaction due to an electrode potential difference.

  A large number of electrodes with an electrode potential difference are separated and assembled, and fixed to cloth, resin (cloth, non-woven fabric, rubber, silicon resin, resin, synthetic resin), or charcoal cloth (Japanese paper charcoal, activated carbon fixed to cloth), electrode Is in contact with the presence of water vapor, and when in contact with the presence of electrolyte, there is electrical resistance between the electrode and electrode, electrode and cloth, resin and electrode, and electrode and charcoal cloth. The electric corrosion action and electrolytic corrosion action that occurs when the current flows from one metal to another metal, so there is an electrical resistance between the electrodes, and the electrodes are also fixed to a conductive cloth, resin or charcoal cloth. It is characterized by that.

  Metal ions adhere to the surface of microbial cytoplasmic membranes and cell walls, and are affected by the cytoplasmic electron transport system and ion conduction. In the electrochemical reaction of the electric double layer at the interface of the liquid, the reaction energy that causes electrolysis of water by discharge, battery reaction, and electroplating is converted into electric energy, which is characterized by the generation of metal ions.

  Ion production by electrochemical reaction is because the substance with unpaired electrons becomes free radicals, steals electrons from other molecules, and the fat layer of the microbial membrane causes cell membrane destruction and kills cells and tissues by reducing their functions In the electrode and the electrolyte, the electrolyte repeats the descending order (reduction) in which the redox potential (ORP) decreases to negative, and the increasing order (oxidation) in which the redox potential (ORP) decreases to the minus by the electron emission and exchange of electrons in the electrochemical reaction. It is characterized by oxidation, reduction and free radical action.

  Microbial cell membranes and cell walls cause electric field formation, generation of static electricity, discharge current destruction, voltage destruction, corona discharge destruction and sterilization reactivity. A resin or charcoal cloth is inserted and fixed in parallel to form a parallel capacitor.Electrons are exchanged at the interface between the conductive electrode in contact with the electrolyte and the electrolyte. The charcoal cloth activated carbon electrode has a storage battery function of storing electrical energy, and the battery is characterized by a battery in which positive and negative ions of the electrode and the solution are repeatedly charged and discharged by physical adsorption and desorption on the negative electrode and the positive electrode, respectively.

  At least two types of electrode plates with different conductive properties have a large area. The electrode plates are spaced apart, and a cloth, charcoal, or activated carbon dielectric is inserted between the spaced electrode plates, and the electrode plates are placed in parallel. Electric double layer capacitor that can be fixed on cloth, resin or charcoal cloth, electrodes become parallel plates, electric charges are concentrated inside the metal plate and a strong electric field is created, and an electrochemical reaction occurs due to electrode potential difference to charge and discharge electric energy. A parallel capacitor with the power storage function.

  The reactivity of the electrochemical reaction reduces the area of the anode material electrode (on the positive side of the electrochemical potential sequence) and increases the amount of electrons supplied to the anode due to corrosion (electrochemical potential sequence) Increase the area of the negative side from the bottom), separate the anode material and cathode material (asode, cathode), fix the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth, and provide the space, and also the working electrode, reference electrode, and auxiliary An electrode having a large electrode potential difference by separating and combining a large number of electrodes from 1 is characterized in that a large number of electrodes are separated and incorporated.

  The electrode shape is flat, round, spiral, linear, grid, mesh, hexagon, chevron, corrugated, metal solid and activated carbon are processed into fine particles, and carbon black and nanotubes are used to charge static electricity. Highly electrostatic discharge, ion generation, corona discharge, and sterilization by electrochemical reaction of free radical action. Electrostatically charged electrodes increase total surface area, metal solids are processed into fine particles, and electrodes are laminated. Or arranged in parallel.

  Sterilization of living organisms and microorganisms increases the sterilization effect by adding fine particles of titanium oxide, sulfur, or fine particles to electrodes having electromotive force levels made of different types of metals having different electrochemical potential sequences.

It is a graph which shows the number of general bacteria in a comparative example, and the daily change of bathing. It is a perspective image of the zinc electrode of the three laminated electrodes which inserted the charcoal cloth between zinc (tongue board), copper, and silver, and was fixed to the big charcoal cloth. It is a structure | tissue image of the zinc electrode expanded 150 times. It is a structure | tissue image of the zinc electrode expanded 150 times. It is a graph which shows the number of general bacteria in an Example, and the daily change of bathing. It is a graph which shows the secular change in the koji, yeast number, and bathing in an Example. It is a figure which shows that a purification | cleaning body is killed rather than growth inhibition in the culture experiment of coliform bacteria. It is a figure which shows growth and proliferation by the culture | cultivation experiment of coliform bacteria. It is a figure which shows the silver electrode of the 3 laminated electrode which inserted the charcoal cloth between silver, zinc (totone), and copper, and was fixed to the big charcoal cloth. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of ORP of a test liquid. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of ORP of a test liquid. In the experiment, a cross-sectional view in which the electrode purifier a18 is fixed to the side wall of the bathtub 3, the bottom, the cloth, the resin, or the charcoal cloth 4 on the surface of the bathtub 3, and different types of metal electrodes A5 (silver) The electrode shape is grid, net, wire, or wire, electrode B6 (copper material) is separated on the back, fixed in parallel, and floats on the water surface of bathtub 3 Microorganisms, bacteria, and mold 2 are diagrams showing an electrode purification body a18 that undergoes an electrochemical reaction due to an electrode potential difference and is sterilized by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization. In the experiment, metal electrodes A5 (silver materials) of different types with different electrochemical potential rows were spaced apart and fixed to the surface of cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and the electrode shape was grid-like, mesh-like, wire-like, using wire, on the back Electrode B6 (copper material) is spaced apart and fixed in parallel. Floating dirt, microorganisms, bacteria, and mold 2 on the water surface of bathtub 3 are the driving forces that cause an electrochemical reaction due to the electrode potential difference. It is a figure which shows the electrode purification body a18 sterilized by sterilization. A system configuration diagram of a ballast tank for sterilizing organisms 2 of the ballast water 12 of the ship, organisms 2 attached to the microorganisms 2 and the hull 13, and a metal electrode purifier b19 having a different electrochemical potential row as a countermeasure. , Metal electrode 6, metal electrode 7, metal electrode 8, metal electrode 9 etc. are separated, cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted and fixed between the electrodes, and fixed to hull 13, electrode shape is grid or net When the electrode purifying body b19 is immersed in the ballast water 12, an electrochemical reaction is caused by the electrode potential difference to sterilize organisms and microorganisms 2 contained in the ballast water 12, and further, the electrode purifying body c20 and electrodes on the side and bottom of the hull 13 When the purifying body d21, the electrode purifying body e22, the electrode purifying body f23, the electrode purifying body g24, etc. are separated and fixed, and the electrode purifying body is immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs, and the ballast water 1 Sterilization of microorganisms 2 and microorganisms 2 by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization, and at the same time, the hull 13 in contact with the ocean and river is sterilized by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization of adhering organisms. (Seawater intake port) 14 pumps up seawater with a pump 17, passes through a seawater filter-16, is sterilized by discharge of an electrochemical reaction in an electrode purifier b19, and is further fixed to the ballast tank 11; d21, electrode purifier e22, electrode purifier f23, electrode purifier g24, etc. always sterilize organisms and microorganisms by the generation of static electricity, electric field formation, and discharge when immersed in seawater and water. At the time of sterilization and loading, the sterilized ballast water 12 is further sterilized through the electrode purifier b19, discharged by the pump 17, and discharged outside the ship. Electrodes with different electrochemical potential columns are metal electrode A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, metal electrode D8, metal electrode E9, metal electrode A5, etc., separated and arranged in parallel. The resin or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted and fixed, and the electrode purifier b19 has a grid shape or a net shape to form an electric double layer capacitor. When immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs, and the electrode and cloth, resin Moreover, it is a figure which shows the electrode purification body b19 which forms the capacitor | condenser of an electric double layer between the charcoal cloths 4, stores, discharges, and sterilizes. A metal electrode A5, a metal electrode B6, a metal electrode C7, a metal electrode D8, a metal electrode E9, etc. of different types having different electrochemical potential rows are fixed to the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 on the surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 The shape is parallel, grid-like, or net-like, and the electrodes are stacked or paralleled to form an electric double layer capacitor, showing the electrode purifier c20. When immersed in seawater or water 1, the front side electrode and the back side electrode Electrochemical reaction is caused by the electrode potential difference between the electrode and the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 to form an electric double layer capacitor, organisms are stored by storage and discharge, microorganisms 2 are sterilized electrically, and sterilized by electrochemical sterilization. Moreover, it is a figure which shows the electrode purification body c20 utilized for a battery. Plate metal cloth A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, metal electrode D8, metal electrode E9, etc. having different electrochemical potential columns are separated from each other on the surface of a plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and are parallel and laminated. It is placed on the fabric, fixed to the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and an electric double layer capacitor is formed between the electrode and the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and it is the cathode material that supplies electrons due to the corrosive action at the anode. Therefore, a large area of the cathode material is arranged, the electrodes are arranged horizontally, and when immersed in seawater or water, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference, and the organism and microorganisms 2 are sterilized by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization. It is a figure which shows the electrode purification body d21 utilized. An electric double layer capacitor having a metal cloth A5, a metal electrode B6, a metal electrode C7, a metal electrode D8, a metal electrode E9, etc. of different types having different electrochemical potential rows is fixed on the surface of a plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 The electrode is a grid material, mesh, or cathode material that supplies electrons due to the corrosive action of the anode, so the cathode area is increased, and when the electrode is immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference. It is a figure which shows the electrode purification body e22 which raise | generates and sterilizes the organism and the microorganisms 2 by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization, and is utilized for a battery. A plate-shaped cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 has a plate-like metal electrode A5, a metal electrode B6, a metal electrode C7, or a metal electrode 8, a metal electrode 9 or the like having different electrochemical potential columns spaced apart and placed horizontally. When the electrode is immersed in seawater or water 1, the electrode undergoes an electrochemical reaction when it is immersed in seawater or water 1. The electrode purifier f23 is used as a battery for sterilizing organisms and microorganisms 2 or for storing electrical energy. is there. On the surface of the plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, plate-like metal electrode A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, metal electrode D8, metal electrode E9, etc. of different types having different electrochemical potential rows are arranged vertically apart. The electrode purifier g24 that is placed and fixed, immersed in seawater, water 1 causes an electrochemical reaction due to an electrode potential difference, sterilizes organisms and microorganisms 2 by electrical sterilization, electrochemical sterilization, and is used as a battery. is there. The metal electrode A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, and metal electrode 8 of different types having different electrochemical potential rows are fixed to the surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 in a cylindrical shape, and a spacer is interposed between the electrodes. Cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted and the separated electrodes form parallel capacitors and electric double layer capacitors. Electric energy is accumulated. When immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference, and organisms and microorganisms 2 are It is a figure which shows the electrode purifier h25 sterilized by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization, and used as a battery. Metal electrodes A5, B6, C7, and D8 of different types of electrochemical potential rows are formed on the surface of cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 in a cylindrical shape, spaced apart in parallel and fixed, and spacers are interposed between the electrodes. Cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted and separated, the electrode is a parallel capacitor, and an electric double layer capacitor is formed, electric energy is accumulated, and when immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction is caused by the electrode potential difference and electric energy is stored. It is a figure which shows the right side surface of the electrode purification body h25 which sterilizes a battery, organism, and microorganisms 2. FIG. Metal electrode A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, and metal electrode D8 of different kinds of electrochemical potential rows on the surface of cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 are coiled, spaced apart and fixed in parallel, to form a parallel capacitor, A double layer capacitor is formed, cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted as a spacer between the electrodes, and the electrode is a coil-shaped parallel capacitor. When electrical energy is stored in seawater, water 1, water, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference. It is a figure which shows the electrode purification body i26 utilized for the battery which sterilizes living organisms and microorganisms 2 by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization, and also stores static electricity. Metal electrode A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, and metal electrode D8 of different types of electrochemical potential columns having an area on the surface of cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 are coiled, separated and fixed in parallel, separated Spacer cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted and fixed between the electrodes, and the electrode plate is used as a parallel capacitor to store electrical energy. When immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference, and organisms and microorganisms are sterilized. Moreover, it is a figure which shows the right side surface of the electrode purification body i26 utilized for the battery which makes an electrical energy electrical storage. The fine particle electrode A31 and the fine particle electrode B32 having different electrochemical potential columns are fixed to the surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and both surfaces of the fine particle electrode are covered with the paint 10, or the fine particle electrode A31, the fine particle electrode B32, or the fine particle The electrode C33, the fine particle electrode D34, the fine particle electrode E35, etc. are laminated or arranged in parallel, and the hull 13 is painted, and the fine particle electrode j27 is used as a parallel capacitor to form an electric double layer capacitor, thereby improving the flow of metal ions. When the capacitor is formed and the hull 13 is immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction is caused by the electrode potential difference, electric energy is stored and used as a battery, and organisms and microorganisms are used for sterilization by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization. It is a figure which shows the electrode purification body j27. A fine particle electrode A31 and a fine particle electrode B32 of different kinds of electrochemical potential columns are laminated or fixed in parallel on the surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and the upper surface is covered with the paint 10, and further the fine particle electrode C33 is fixed and the surface is coated. The particle electrode A31, the particle electrode B32, and the particle electrode C33 are laminated or arranged in parallel, the particle electrode is a parallel capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor is formed, the flow of metal ions is improved, and the hull 13 purifies the particle electrode Painted with paint 10 containing body k28, immersed in seawater, water 1 causes an electrochemical reaction due to electrode potential difference, stores electrical energy and uses it as a battery, and sterilizes organisms and microorganisms by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization. It is also a diagram showing a particulate electrode purification body k28 used in a battery that stores electrical energy. The surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 is coated with the paint 10 between the fine particle electrode A31, the fine particle electrode B32, the fine particle electrode C33, the fine particle electrode D34, etc. having different electrochemical potential columns, and fixed. B32, the fine particle electrode C33, and the fine particle electrode D34 are laminated or arranged in parallel, the fine particle electrode is used as a parallel capacitor to form an electric double layer capacitor, the flow of metal ions is improved, and the hull 13 is a paint containing the fine particle electrode purifier L29. When painted in 10 and immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the potential difference of the electrode, and electric energy is stored and used as a battery. Biological organisms and microorganisms 2 are sterilized by electrical sterilization and sterilization by electrochemical sterilization. It is a figure which shows the fine particle electrode purification body L29 utilized for the battery to make. Particulate electrodes A31, particulate electrode B32, particulate electrode C33 are laminated or coated in parallel with paint 10, and the upper and lower surfaces are covered with cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, or paint 10, and different types of electrochemical potential columns The fine particle electrode A31, the fine particle electrode B32, and the fine particle electrode C33 are separated from each other, and are laminated or coated in parallel with the paint 10 so that the electrodes are parallel capacitors, and an electric double layer capacitor is formed. It is a figure which shows microparticle electrode purification body m30 which raise | generates and uses as a battery which collects electrical energy mainly and stores it, and also sterilizes living organisms and microorganisms by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization. It is the photograph which image | photographed the discharge phenomenon of the electrode purification body of the experimental result which this inventor performed. It is a figure which shows the electrode purification body of the shape of the three laminated electrodes of zinc (tongue board), a copper plate, and a silver plate (T10004). It is a figure which shows the shape of 4 laminated electrodes of a zinc material, stainless steel, aluminum, and a silver plate (T10005). It is an electrolysis figure of water. (Supervised by Kunihiko Watanabe and Shoji Kubota, “New Water Science and Utilization Technology”, published by Scien Forum, Inc.) November 10, 1992, P303,

  The following experiment was carried out after recombination of the above metals for 3 years. At least two kinds of different metals were fixed on the surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth, and at least two kinds of metals were fixed in parallel. Separate the above different metals, insert cloth or charcoal cloth between the metals, stack the metal on the laminate and fix it on a large cloth or charcoal cloth, soak in water to become a water battery, discharge and charge as long as there is water Confirm that the fuel cell has a power generation function and continues to generate static electricity.

  When the contamination of the bath was examined in the experiment, new hot water was not contaminated with microorganisms, but after bathing, general bacteria detected 18333-31188 CFU / mL, and hot water was contaminated every time the bath was taken. Microorganisms grow each time they are heated using the additional hot water function. The optimum temperature reaches 20-45 ° C., the microorganisms propagate and the hot water is contaminated. As shown in Table 3 and FIG. 1, bacteria increase with the passage of time and water contamination proceeds.

The basis of the above experimental results is shown in Tables 4-1 to 13 below. Tables 4-1 to 6 are inspection reports of the subject: presence confirmation and identification of mold fungi in the specimen (Caretis Co., Ltd., representative director Kazuhiko Sakata). Tables 4-7 to 13 are test reports on subject: microbiological test in specimen (Caretis Co., Ltd., representative director Kazuhiko Sakata).

  The present inventor inserted charcoal cloth between the electrodes of different kinds of metals, tin materials, copper materials, silver materials, and (T-7101) in the electrochemical potential sequence in order to confirm the voltage, current, and resistance through experiments. The laminate was fixed on a large charcoal cloth, and three laminated electrodes and a solution (50 ml of hot water remaining in the bath) were placed in a plastic container, and the voltage, current, and resistance were measured for three days. A voltage, current, and resistance value are generated between different electrodes, and the voltage and current gradually increase and then decrease again. As long as water is present, the water battery is repeated over a long period. The measured values are shown in Table 5. The electrode shape is as shown in FIG.

  Furthermore, a cloth is inserted between the electrodes of the tin plate, the copper plate, and the silver plate to form a three-layer electrode (T-7102). When measured for 3 days, it becomes a water battery and the discharge and charge are continuously repeated. It is.

The details of the above experimental results are shown in Table 7. Table 7 is a test report (No. 21-0353, (1) Measurement of current, voltage and resistance) issued by Niigata Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Institute.

  Analysis of the electrolyte solution tested revealed C, O, Si, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn. The zinc on the tin plate elutes in the form of threads, turns black when oxidized, and undergoes an electrochemical reaction of water electrolysis (see Tables 7 and 8).

Tables 9-1 and 2-2 are test results issued by Niigata Industrial Technology Research Institute (No. 21-0367, (1) X-ray microanalyzer analysis (qualitative analysis)). Table 9-3 is a test report issued by Niigata Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Institute (No. 21-0367-2, (1) Quantitative Analysis).

  On the surface of the above zinc electrode (tin plate), zinc is eluted in a thread form in an amount of 100 μm × 11 mm by an electrochemical reaction (redox reaction). (See FIGS. 3 and 4),

  In the above-mentioned metal ion measurement experiment, the hexagonal zinc plate (tin plate), the copper plate, and the silver plate, which are the electrodes T-7102, were separated, the cloth was inserted, and the three laminated electrodes were fixed to the large cloth, and the electrode and the electrolyte 50 ml ( The remaining hot water of the bath was placed in a plastic container, and the ions after 10 days were measured. Zinc ions were greatly increased to 3.99 ppm, copper ions were significantly increased to 0.11 ppm, and silver ions were confirmed to increase slightly, and an electrochemical reaction occurred (see Table 10).

  Furthermore, a silver wire is fixed to the front side of the charcoal cloth, and a copper wire is fixed to the back side (hereinafter referred to as “purified body”). The bath is immersed in a bathtub to boil, and then the purified body is removed and the bath is used. Table 10 shows the results of measuring the metal ions of the remaining hot water and comparing the measured values.

  50ml of the above electrode, zinc material (tin plate), copper material, silver material and 50ml of electrolyte (residual hot water in a bath) are placed in a plastic container and the electrostatic capacity is measured. Charge high static electricity of -0.5 kv (measurement over 12 hours). The measuring device is a static locator, model: Z-201, manufactured by Hozan Co., Ltd.

  In the experiment, a purification body incorporating electrode A5 (silver material) and electrode B6 (copper material) was fixed to the tub and bottom of the bath, and the bath was exchanged for 7 days without exchanging water. And cocoon were detected. The remaining residue of the cleaning pot is detached from the pot and contaminated with microorganisms in the bathtub, and floating in the center of the bathtub, but general bacteria, koji, and yeast adhere to the purifier of the koji by hot water convection, and the growth of microorganisms It was found that there was a sterilization effect (see Table 11, FIGS. 5 and 6).

  A single-layer electrode in which one zinc material (tin plate) is fixed to a charcoal cloth and a three-layer electrode in which silver, zinc (copper plate) and copper are separated and a charcoal cloth is inserted are fixed to a large charcoal cloth, and each electrode is Compared with the amount of metal ions generated in the electrolyte solution, metal ions are eluted more in the three-layer electrode than in the one-layer electrode, and the electrode potential difference at different electromotive force levels is different for the three-layer electrode. Ions are strong and accelerate the reactivity of electrochemical reactions.

  When the metal electrode solid is divided and processed into fine powders and fine particles, the total surface area increases dramatically, and a large amount of static electricity is charged on the surface and many metal ions are generated.

  Furthermore, in the experiment, an aluminum wire 1.0 mm and a silver wire 0.3 mm are placed apart from each other on a charcoal cloth, a culture solution (100 ml) is put in to produce a purified body, and general bacteria (E. coli) are put in and observed. Bacteria are attracted to the silver side by the reaction, and a single battery, 1.5V is connected, current flows and an electrochemical reaction (redox action) sterilizes E. coli 12 hours after energization, shortening the sterilization time of microorganisms, The sterilization effect is improved.

  Furthermore, in the experiment, the above-mentioned electrode purification device was fixed to the bathtub tub and the bottom of the bathtub to prevent sterilization measures by preventing the contamination of the water in the bathtub and the growth of microorganisms. The remaining hot water usage period was extended from 1 day to 5 days, It was found that water resources can be saved and carbon dioxide can be reduced.

  The solution does not penetrate the cloth or charcoal cloth immediately, but the electrode A (silver material) and the electrode D (aluminum material) are fixed to the cloth or charcoal cloth. The solution permeates in a short time by ionic action.

  Furthermore, it was confirmed by experiments that the silver, zinc, copper (T-8001) and silver, aluminum, copper (T-8003) electrodes have excellent antibacterial effects.

  The sterilization experiment of E. coli is made of three kinds of metals with different electrochemical potential sequences. Three layers of metal, silver material, zinc material (tin plate), copper material (T-8001) with electromotive force level and charcoal cloth inserted. The electrode is fixed to a large charcoal cloth, 100 ml of culture solution is added, E. coli is cultured, incubated at 35 ° C., the E. coli specimen is doubled to 1,000 cells / ml in 24 hours, and biological contamination is measured by 3M Petri film, Chisso It was confirmed by Sani-ta-kun made by Co., Ltd. Bacterial death could be confirmed, colonies of coliform bacteria did not change from blue to light green, no bacteria were detected, and the antibacterial effect could be completely verified. The death of the coliform group after the test is shown in FIG.

  As a control, Escherichia coli was placed in a 100 ml culture solution of ionic water from which the metal purifier was removed, incubated at 35 ° C. and cultured for 24 hours, and the Escherichia coli was diluted 1000 times / ml for specimens. Sani thickened and confirmed. The bacteria did not die, and colonies of the coliform group developed from blue to green, confirming the detection of the bacteria. The growth and proliferation of the coliform group after the test is shown in FIG.

  As a sterilization experiment for Escherichia coli, the metal electrodes with different electromotive potential lines have three electromotive force levels, and three stacked electrodes with silver, aluminum, and copper (T-8003) spaced apart and charcoal cloth inserted (Fig. 9) was fixed to a large charcoal cloth, and 100 ml of the culture solution was put in, and E. coli was cultured, and kept at 35 ° C., and at 72 hours, the E. coli was confirmed with Petri film for biofouling measurement, Sani thick from Chisso Corporation. The bacteria were killed and the colonies of the coliform group did not turn from blue to light green, indicating that the antibacterial effect was excellent. FIG. 7 shows the death of the coliform group after the test.

  As a sterilization experiment of Escherichia coli, the metal electrodes with different electromotive potential sequences have electromotive force levels of silver, zinc (tongue), copper (T-8001) and silver, aluminum, copper Insert the charcoal cloth into the space of (T-8003), place the three laminated electrodes on the large charcoal cloth, and the redox potential of the test solution containing 100 ml of the culture solution and the control (ion water 390 mV) is 3, 6, 24, 72 hours After 72 hours from the measurement, it was found that the test solution T-8001 was 275 mV, the T-8003 was 283 mV, and the redox potential was negative and the reduction in descending order and the ascending order of oxidation were repeated (see FIG. 10). It is thought that unpaired electrons are generated between the electrode and the test solution and become free radicals. Table 12 shows the experimental results.

  A pack test was conducted to examine the generation of metal ions in the test solution 72 hours after the start of the experiment. Measured by Kyoritsu Riken Co., Ltd., zinc ion 5 mg / L (ppm) at T-8001, copper ion 0.5 mg / L (ppm), copper ion 1.0 mg / L (ppm) at T-8003, It was confirmed that trace amounts of aluminum ions 0.5 mg Al / L (ppm) and silver ions ≈ 0 were generated. An electrochemical reaction (redox reaction) occurs, and metal ions having the same tendency as in Table 10 are generated.

  Inserting a charcoal cloth between the silver material, aluminum material and copper material on the electrode, fixing the three-layered electrode to the charcoal cloth, and putting it in the electrolyte (ionic water), after 24 to 72 hours, the aluminum ion is 0.5 mg Al / L (ppm) elute (see Table 13)

  The control of the anti-fungal evaluation experiment was to fix a three-layered electrode with a charcoal cloth (wax charcoal), silver material, zinc material (tin metal plate) and copper material apart and inserted a charcoal cloth to a large charcoal cloth, Three-layer electrode with charcoal cloth inserted between copper materials is fixed to a large charcoal cloth, and seven sets of silver material-charcoal cloth, copper-charcoal cloth, zinc material (tonned plate) -charcoal cloth, aluminum material-charcoal cloth An evaluation test piece was prepared, and two types of mold were used: black mold and red mold. (See Table 15)

  The anti-fungal experiment involves three evaluations of anti-mold A, anti-bibee B (anti-bibee Bα, anti-bibee Bβ), and anti-mold C (see Table 15). The experimental results are shown in Table 16.

  When antifungal is evaluated, the fungus growth inhibitory action is confirmed in Table 16 by the antifungal Bβ method.

  The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value in the anti-fungal C evaluation repeats reduction in descending order and oxidation in ascending order. The transition is as shown in FIG.

  Three laminated electrodes with electromotive force levels of different kinds of metals in the electrochemical potential row were confirmed to have antibacterial and antifungal effects (see Tables 16 and 17).

  Inorganic antibacterial agents, particularly those containing silver and copper as the main antibacterial effect, are used in various fields, and the antibacterial properties of copper ions and silver ions have been proven. (For example, Masahiko Takayama, et al., “Anti-bacterial and anti-bacterial”, Journal of the Japanese Anti-bacterial and Anti-bacterial Society, published on September 10, 1994, 1994 VOL. 22, NO. 9, P. 13) However, a single metal ion However, sufficient antibacterial action cannot be exhibited unless the concentration is high.

  The antifungal A culture experiment was carried out by spraying a mold spore suspension on an agar medium according to a method according to JISZ2911, but the colloidal gel in the agar solidified state was electrostatic discharge generated from the test piece, corona discharge, metal ion, Free radical action weakens the antifungal effect by gel electrophoresis and Brownian motion action.

  The details of the above experiment are shown in Table 18.

In an experiment conducted by the present inventor, a camera was installed with the shooting place completely dark, a charcoal cloth was inserted between three laminated electrodes of a zinc plate, a copper plate, and a silver plate, and the three laminated electrodes were fixed to a slightly larger charcoal cloth. Laminated electrodes are placed in a glass container (7 l) with tap water (3.5 l) and placed on a transparent circle of 30 x 50 mm. When the electrodes are immersed, electric field formation, static electricity, voltage and current are generated, and the voltage and current are FIG. 29 is a photo of the light emission phenomenon where electric energy is stored in the double layer capacitor and discharge occurs when the allowable voltage is exceeded, and the shape of the electrode is as shown in FIG. The camera is Canon EOS1, the lens is Canon Macro 100mm, F2.8, with bulb (long exposure) function, the film is FUJIFILM Natural 1600, and the sensitivity at the time of development is 3200. The results of the above photography are shown in FIG.
In this experiment, a charcoal cloth is inserted between the electrodes of different types of metals, zinc materials, silver materials, copper materials, and (T-10011) electrodes having different electrochemical potential sequences, and is fixed to a large charcoal cloth in three layers. The laminated electrode and the electrolytic solution (pure water 50 ml) were placed in a plastic container, and the voltage, current, and resistance were measured for 3 days. Voltage, current, and resistance values are generated between different electrodes, and the voltage and current gradually increase and then decrease again. “Charge, discharge” becomes a zinc battery that repeats over a long period as long as pure water is present. The electrode shape is as shown in FIG.
Furthermore, a cloth is inserted between the electrodes of the zinc plate, silver plate, and copper plate to form a three-layer electrode (T-1202). When measured for 3 days, a zinc battery is formed, and discharging and charging are repeated, and the measured values are as shown in Table 20. It is.
Tables 21-1 to 3-3 show test results issued by Niigata Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Institute (Test Result No. 22-0016, (1) Measurement of current, voltage, resistance, and (2) Measurement of far-infrared radiation. ). Furthermore, in the experiment, a charcoal cloth was inserted between the electrodes of different kinds of metals, zinc materials, silver materials, copper materials, and (T-10003) of electrochemical potential trains, and three layers were stacked and fixed to a large charcoal cloth. Infrared was measured, the measurement wavelength was 1.3 μm to 14.5 μm, the effective wavelength was 3.0 μm to 14.5 μm, and the far infrared rays were confirmed to be emitted from the zinc plate. The measured values are as shown in Table 21-1 to 3 The electrode shape is as shown in FIG. The details of the above experimental results are shown in Tables 21-1 to 21-3 .

In the experiment, zinc plates, stainless steel, aluminum plates, and silver plates were made into 4 layers, and a cloth or charcoal cloth was inserted between them, and the 4 layers electrode fixed to a slightly larger cloth or charcoal cloth had an electric field in the presence of water vapor (in the air). Formation, generation of static electricity, voltage, current, and the application of sunlight to the electrode surface as acceleration of electrochemical corrosion reaction from the outside, the temperature rises and the electrochemical reaction is accelerated, and the electrolytic solution, hot water under high temperature conditions , seawater, low temperature When immersed in seawater with floating ice conditions or confined in frozen ice conditions, the electrochemical reaction (electrochemical corrosion reaction) becomes more active, forming an electric field, and increasing the static electricity, voltage, and current values. The electrode shape is as shown in FIG. The details of the above experimental results are shown in Table 22.

  In the experiment, when a purifier consisting of two or more sets of metal electrodes with different electromotive forces is immersed in an electrolytic solution, an electrochemical reaction (electrochemical corrosion) occurs using the electrode potential difference as the driving force, and the generated voltage and current are changed between the cloth and charcoal cloth. Accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor, the voltage causing electrolysis of water reaches a voltage of around 1.4V, causing electrolysis of water by discharge, generating hydrogen gas bubbles on the metal surface of the cathode, and oxygen gas generating on the metal surface of the anode Confirm that it oxidizes.

  In the experiment, the silver wire and the aluminum wire of the metal electrodes with different electromotive forces were separated and fixed to the charcoal cloth, and when immersed in the electrolytic solution, an electrochemical reaction occurred due to a potential difference, static electricity was generated, electric field formation, and E. coli dispersed in the electrolytic solution The group collects bacteria on the silver wire of the cathode, and when applied to the silver wire and aluminum wire with a single battery (1.5V), the bacteria collect on the surface of the silver wire electrode and the E. coli group that has passed for 12 hours accumulates and dies and is sterilized by inspection. Is not detected.

The electrical effect which acts on the morphology and proliferation of a cell when applying a -0.2V- + 1.2V constant potential about the HeLa cell cultured on the electrode is shown. Since the surface of the cell membrane is negatively charged, cells are observed to change in shape from an original spindle shape to a spherical shape depending on the potential at −0.2 V to +0.4 V, but do not die. At + 0.7V, gradually die and at + 1.2V all cells die within 1 hour.
(Non-Patent Document) The Electrochemical Society of Japan, “Electrochemical Handbook” published by Maruzen Co., Ltd., published on June 30, 2000, Cell Control Technology, P339

“Electrolysis of water produced at a voltage lower than the electrolysis pressure” Even when no electric field is applied, water molecules are in an equilibrium state represented by H ₂ O → H ⁺ + OH ⁻ , and even when no electric field is applied to water , Each ion moves toward the opposite electrode surface, and a current flows between the electrodes. The electrolysis in this case corresponds to the left portion of D in FIG. 31 (voltage below the electrolysis pressure), and even if hydrogen gas is generated on the negative electrode surface, oxygen gas is not generated on the positive electrode surface. Hydrogen ions H ⁺ and hydroxide ions OH ⁻ are hydrated with water molecules, respectively, to become H ₃ O ⁺ (hydronium ions) and H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ (hydroxyl ions). The movement of these ions in water is due to the so-called “hopping model”, in which only H ⁺ or OH ⁻ is passed to the adjacent water molecules, resulting in the movement of the ions. And the fast about twice as compared with the moving speed of the H ⁺ ions, low discharge potential of H ⁺ ions, become gases will readily discharge electrode surface in H ₂ lost from the water, one of OH ^- Since ions have a higher discharge potential on the electrode surface, they are diffused into the water stream as charged ions.
Water electrolysis H ₂ O → ← H ⁺ + OH ⁻
Water Hydrogen ion Hydroxide ion H ⁺ + H ₂ O → H ₃ O ⁺ [Part of the hydrogen ion becomes H ₂ gas (hydrogen gas)]
Hydrogen ion Water Hydronium ion OH ⁻ + H ₂ O → H ₃ O ₂ ⁺
Hydroxyl ion Water Hydroxyl ion (Non-patent literature) Kunihiko Watabuchi, supervised by Shoji Kubota, “New water science and utilization technology”, published by Scien Forum Co., Ltd., November 10, 1992, P304

In the case of “electrolysis of water and active oxygen (free radicals)” or water electrolyzed at an electrolytic pressure or higher, oxygen is generated from the anode (anode) together with the generation of hydrogen from the cathode (cathode). Oxygen generated from the electrode surface is not only stable and mildly active like oxygen in the air, but also atomic oxygen (O) called generator oxygen, and recently called active oxygen in medicine and biochemistry Extremely active molecular oxygen and oxygen compounds, which are a major problem, are produced. This active oxygen has been shown to corrode metals and attack and destroy biological cell tissues, causing human aging and many diseases.
(Non-patent literature) Kunihiko Watanabe, supervised by Shoji Kubota, “New Water Science and Utilization Technology”, published by Scien Forum, Inc., November 10, 1992, P307

Corrosion is a phenomenon in which a metal is deteriorated and damaged by a chemical or electrochemical reaction, and is a reaction that elutes metal ions and forms a reaction film (corrosion product) on the surface. Corrosion also occurs in the human body, causing toxicity and destruction of the metal material.
September 28, 2007, P53

Crevice corrosion occurs in the process where material movement is hindered as shown in FIG. 33 and the solution side is locally in an acidic high chloride concentration. At this time, the passive film becomes unstable and dissolves electrochemically. When the destruction and regeneration of the coating are repeated in the vicinity of the fixed portion between the bone plate and the screw plate, or between the bone plate and the bone, the H ⁺ concentration locally increases and crevice corrosion can occur. In addition, the metal surface to which the cells adhere can also be a site of crevice corrosion.
September 28, 2007, P120

The cell membrane has a resistance that is 1,000 times higher than that of the solution inside and outside the cell (10 ⁹ Ω · cm ⁻¹ ), and can be regarded as a capacitor. When a cell is placed in a solution, placed between parallel electrodes, and a pulse potential that exceeds the critical value of the mechanical resistance of the cell membrane is applied, a part of the membrane is reversibly destroyed during discharge, and the cell is instantaneously perforated. Since it opens, it is used for electroboration, cell fusion and sterilization.
(Non-Patent Document) The Electrochemical Society of Japan, “Electrochemical Handbook” published by Maruzen Co., Ltd., published on June 30, 2000, Biological control by electrodes, P337

  In the experiment, the silver wire and the aluminum wire of the metal electrodes with different electromotive forces were separated and fixed to the charcoal cloth, and when immersed in the electrolytic solution, an electrochemical reaction occurred due to a potential difference, static electricity was generated, electric field formation, and E. coli dispersed in the electrolytic solution The group collects bacteria on the silver wire of the cathode, and when applied to the silver wire and aluminum wire with a single battery (1.5V), the bacteria collect on the surface of the silver wire electrode and the E. coli group that has passed for 12 hours accumulates and dies and is sterilized by inspection. Is not detected.

The electrical effect which acts on the morphology and proliferation of a cell when applying a -0.2V- + 1.2V constant potential about the HeLa cell cultured on the electrode is shown. Since the surface of the cell membrane is negatively charged, cells are observed to change in shape from an original spindle shape to a spherical shape depending on the potential at −0.2 V to +0.4 V, but do not die. At + 0.7V, gradually die and at + 1.2V all cells die within 1 hour.
(Non-Patent Document) The Electrochemical Society of Japan, “Electrochemical Handbook” published by Maruzen Co., Ltd., published on June 30, 2000, Cell Control Technology, P339

  Hereinafter, the suitable state of the electrode purification body of this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings. FIG. 12 shows that a metal electrode A5 (silver material) of a different type of electrochemical potential row is fixed to the surface of the bathtub 3 on the surface of a cylindrical or plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 while being spaced apart and fixed to the surface. The electrode purification body a which fixed the electrode B6 (copper material) to is attached.

  In addition, a metal electrode A5 (silver material) of a different type of electrochemical potential row is fixed to the surface of the bathtub 3 on the side and bottom of the net, plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 and spaced on the surface. The electrode purification body a which fixed electrode B6 (copper material) is attached.

  According to the electrode purification body of the present embodiment, an electrochemical reaction (electrochemical corrosion reaction) is caused by an electrode potential difference, and the antibacterial and antifungal effects are achieved against the hot water near the center, tub, and bottom of the bathtub 3. Can demonstrate. Even if an electrode purifier is installed in barite water, seawater, water, hot water, water storage tanks, pools, cooling towers, water in water pipes, water supply pipes, hot water supply pipes, cooling water intake pipes for nuclear power generation, etc. good.

  Electrochemical reaction is caused by the electrode potential difference of the electrode purifier in the flow of seawater, voltage and current are generated, voltage discharge is caused by discharge, and it is applied to the control of biological communities and giant starfish by current destruction.

  FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an electrode purification body a18 that is fixed to the electrode purification body a that is fixed to the side and bottom of the bathtub 3. The metal electrodes A (silver material) and the metal electrode B (copper material) of different types of electrochemical potential rows are in a wire shape and are linearly arranged on the surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4.

  FIG. 14 is a system cross-sectional view in which an electrode purifier is fixed to the hull 13 in order to sterilize the organisms of the ballast water 12 and the microorganisms 2 and the biological communities attached to the hull 13 in the ballast tank 11 of the ship 13. The structure of the purifying body b19 is that the metal electrodes A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, metal electrode D8, and metal electrode E9 of different types having different electrochemical potential rows are separated from each other, and cloth, resin, or charcoal cloth is separated between the separations. 4 is inserted and fixed, and when injecting ballast water for unloading, when seawater and water 1 are pumped from the sea chest 14 by the pump 17, the seawater filter 16 is passed through, and the seawater and water 1 pass through the electrode purifier b19. Electrochemical reaction occurs and sterilization is performed, and further, ballast water 12 is stored in the ballast tank 11, and the electrode purification body c20, the electrode purification body d21, the electrode purification body e22, and the electrode purification body f23. The electrode purifying body g24 and the like are fixed to the side and bottom of the hull to form an electric double layer capacitor. When the electrode is immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference, and there is always a sterilization effect. The water is pumped up by the pump 17, and the seawater and water pass through the electrode purifier b19, and an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference of the electrode purifier b19, resulting in sterilization, discharge to the sea, rivers, organisms, and microbial oceans Contamination is prevented and, at the same time, the biological community attached to the hull 13 is sterilized by an electrochemical reaction.

  FIG. 15 shows metal electrode A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, metal electrode D8, and metal electrode E9 of different types having different electrochemical potential rows, and cloth, resin, and charcoal cloth 4 are inserted between the electrodes. Adhesion, formation of electric double layer capacitor, electrode shape is net-like, lattice-like, electrode purifier b19, and when immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to electrode potential difference, and electric field formation, electrostatic generation, and discharge phenomenon occur. Sterilizes living organisms and microorganisms.

  FIG. 16 shows a plate-like cloth, resin, and charcoal cloth 4 with a metal electrode A5, a metal electrode B6, a metal electrode C7, a metal electrode D8, a metal electrode E9, and the like arranged apart from each other. The cloth, resin, and charcoal cloth 4 are inserted and fixed, the electrodes are arranged in parallel, the electric double layer capacitor is formed, and the electrode purifier c20, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference, sterilization occurs, seawater, water When immersed in 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to an electrode potential difference, and an electric field formation, electrostatic generation, and discharge phenomenon occur, and organisms and microorganisms are sterilized.

  FIG. 17 shows a state in which a plate-like metal electrode A5, a metal electrode B6, a metal electrode C7, a metal electrode D8, a metal electrode E9, etc. are spaced apart from each other on the surface of a plate-like cloth, resin, and charcoal cloth 4. A plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted and fixed, electrodes are arranged in parallel, an electric double layer capacitor is formed, an electrode purifier d21, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to an electrode potential difference, and a sterilization effect occurs. When immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to an electrode potential difference, and electric field formation, electrostatic generation, and discharge phenomenon occur, and the organism and microorganism 2 are sterilized.

  FIG. 18 shows a plate-like cloth, resin, charcoal cloth 4 on the surface of the metal electrode A5, metal electrode B6, metal electrode C7, metal electrode D8, or metal electrode E9, or the like, or spaced apart from each other. A plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted and fixed while being spaced apart, electrodes are arranged in parallel, an electric double layer capacitor is formed, and an electrode purifier e22, which undergoes an electrochemical reaction due to an electrode potential difference, and is sterilizing When it is immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to an electrode potential difference, and an electric field formation, electrostatic generation, and discharge phenomenon occur, and organisms and microorganisms are sterilized.

  FIG. 19 shows a modification of the metal electrode A5, the metal electrode B6, the metal electrode C7, the metal electrode D8, the metal electrode E9, etc., which are fixed to the surface of the plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and in this case, a belt-like shape This is an electrode purification body f23 that can be arranged side by side and fixed to form a parallel capacitor.

  FIG. 20 shows a modification of the metal electrode A5, the metal electrode B6, the metal electrode C7, the metal electrode D8, the metal electrode E9, etc., which are fixed to the surface of the plate-like cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and in this case, a belt-like shape This is an electrode purifier g24 that can be arranged in parallel and fixed to form a parallel capacitor.

  FIG. 21 shows a cross section of a modified example that is a purification body of a cylindrical three-layer electrode in which cylindrical electrodes are coaxially stacked, and FIG. 22 is a view of the modified example viewed from the axial direction. A cloth or charcoal cloth 4 is inserted as a spacer between a plurality of cylinders 14, and cylindrical electrodes A5, B6, C7 and D8 are spaced apart and arranged in parallel to form an electrode purifier h25 that can constitute a parallel capacitor. It is.

  FIG. 23 shows a cross section of a modified example that is a purifier of a coiled three-layered electrode in which coiled electrodes are coaxially stacked, and FIG. 24 is a view of the modified example viewed from the axial direction. Electrode purification capable of forming a parallel capacitor by inserting cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4 as a spacer between a plurality of coil shapes, and arranging coiled electrodes A5, B6, C7 and D8 spaced apart in parallel. It is the body i26.

  In FIG. 25, the fine particle electrode A31 and the fine particle electrode B32 having different electrochemical potential columns are fixed to the surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, and the fine particle electrode A31 and the fine particle electrode B32 are covered with the paint 10 on both surfaces. The fine particle electrode C33, the fine particle electrode D34, and the fine particle electrode E35 are laminated and painted, forming a parallel capacitor, forming an electric double layer capacitor, thereby improving the flow of metal ions, and the hull 13 is a paint containing a fine particle electrode. When painted in 10 and the hull 13 is immersed in seawater or water 1, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to the electrode potential difference, and the electrical energy is stored and used as a battery, and the organism, microorganisms, and community 2 are sterilized by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization. It is a figure which shows the fine particle electrode purification body j27 utilized for.

  In FIG. 26, the fine particle electrode A31 and the fine particle electrode B32 having different electrochemical potential columns are fixed to the surface of the cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, the upper surface is covered with the paint 10, and the fine particle electrode C33 is fixed and the surface is coated with the paint. The fine particle electrode A31, the fine particle electrode B32, and the fine particle electrode C33 that are covered are arranged in parallel, stacked and painted, and an electric double layer capacitor is formed as a parallel capacitor of the fine particle electrode, and the flow of metal ions is improved. When coated with paint 10 containing water, immersed in seawater or water 1, it causes an electrochemical reaction due to the electrode potential difference, stores electrical energy and uses it as a battery, and sterilizes organisms, microorganisms, and communities 2 and sterilizes them. It is a figure which shows the fine particle electrode purification body k28 utilized for the battery which sterilizes and uses electrical energy as an electrical storage.

  FIG. 27 shows the surface of the cloth, resin, or charcoal cloth 4 coated with the paint 10 between the fine particle electrode A31, the fine particle electrode B32, the fine particle electrode C33, and the fine particle electrode D34 having different electrochemical potential columns. The fine particle electrode B32, the fine particle electrode C33, and the fine particle electrode D34 are arranged in parallel, stacked and painted, and the fine particle electrode is used as a parallel capacitor to form an electric double layer capacitor, improving the flow of metal ions, and the hull 13 includes the fine particle electrode. Painted with paint 10 and immersed in seawater or water 1 causes an electrochemical reaction due to the electrode potential difference, stores electrical energy and uses it as a battery, and sterilizes organisms, microorganisms, and communities by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization. It is a figure which shows the fine particle electrode purification body L29 utilized for the battery which makes an electrical energy electrical storage.

  In FIG. 28, between the fine particle electrode A31, the fine particle electrode B32, and the fine particle electricity C33 are coated with the paint 10, and both surfaces are covered with cloth, resin or charcoal cloth 4, or the paint 10, and the different kinds of fine particle electrodes A31 having different electrochemical potential rows. Then, the fine particle electrode B32 and the fine particle electrode C33 are stacked, coated, and separated to form a parallel capacitor to form an electric double layer capacitor. When the hull 13 is immersed, an electrochemical reaction occurs due to an electrode potential difference, and electric energy is stored as a battery. It is a figure which shows the microparticles | fine-particles electrode purification body m30 which sterilizes utilization, a living organism, microorganisms, a biological community etc. by electrical sterilization and electrochemical sterilization.

  FIG. 29 is a photograph of the discharge phenomenon of the electrode purifier as a result of the experiment by immersing the three-layered electrode performed by the present inventors in water.

  FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the shape of a three-layered electrode of zinc (tin plate), copper plate, and silver plate (T10004).

  31 is a diagram showing the shape of four laminated electrodes of zinc material, stainless steel, aluminum, silver plate (T10005).

  FIG. 32 is an electrolysis diagram of water. (Supervised by Kunihiko Watanabe and Shoji Kubota, “New Water Science and Utilization Technology”, published by Scien Forum, Inc.) November 10, 1992, P303

Le, Corona), September 28, 2007, P120

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Seawater, water, hot water 2 dirt, organism community, organism, microbe, bacteria, mold 3 bathtub 4 cloth, resin, charcoal cloth 5 metal electrode A (gold, platinum, rhodium base plating copper, silver / gold alloy, silver, charcoal Activated carbon)
6 Metal electrode B (nickel plated steel, silver solder, copper alloy, copper, high chromium stainless steel, 12% chromium stainless steel)
7 Metal electrode C (nickel base chrome-plated steel, chrome-plated steel, soft solder, lead, duralumin, brass, tin)
8 Metal electrode D (Iron, soft iron or steel, chromium, zinc, zinc alloy, 80 tin / 20 tin plated steel, galvanized iron / steel (totan), cadmium plated steel, aluminum / manganese alloy, aluminum)
9 Metal electrode E (titanium oxide, sulfur, magnesium, magnesium alloy)
10 Paint (paint, silicone resin)
11 Ballast tank 12 Ballast water 13 Hull 14 Sea chest 15 Ballast discharge 16 Seawater filter
17 Pump 18 Electrode purification body a
19 Electrode purification body b
20 Electrode purifier c
21 Electrode purification body d
22 Electrode purifier e
23 Electrode purification body f
24 Electrode Purifier g
25 Electrode purifier h
26 Electrode Purifier i
27 Fine Particle Electrode Purifier j
28 Fine Particle Electrode Purifier k
29 Fine Particle Electrode Purifier L
30 Fine particle electrode purifier m
31 Fine-particle electrode A (gold, platinum, rhodium-plated copper, silver / gold alloy, silver, charcoal, activated carbon)
32 Fine particle electrode B (nickel plated steel, silver solder, copper alloy, copper, high chromium stainless steel, 12% chromium stainless steel)
33 Fine particle electrode C (nickel-undercoated chrome-plated steel, chrome-plated steel, soft solder, lead, duralumin, brass, tin)
34 Fine particle electrode D (iron, soft iron or steel, chrome, zinc, zinc alloy, 80 tin / 20 tinned steel, galvanized iron / steel (totan), cadmium plated steel, aluminum / manganese alloy, aluminum)
35 Fine particle electrode E (titanium oxide, sulfur, magnesium, magnesium alloy)

Claims (7)

In the ballast water purification method for removing microorganisms contained in the ballast water,
A second electrode purification body (b19) in which zinc, copper, and silver are spaced apart in a rectangular mesh, and cloth, resin, or charcoal cloth disposed along two opposing sides of the rectangular shape is interposed between the metals. ) is seawater was filtered through a draw on up off Iruta pump, water is passed through, and when the ballast water in the ballast tank is drained to the outside through the second electrode purifier (b19), the voltage Kill and aspirate microorganisms in the ballast water without applying,
In addition, the first electrode purifier (c20, d21, e22, f23, g24) interspersed with cloth, resin, or charcoal cloth with zinc, copper, and silver spaced apart is immersed in the ballast tank, A method for purifying ballast water, wherein microorganisms in the ballast water are killed and sucked without applying a voltage . One of the metal adjacent cloth, is disposed on one surface of the resin or charcoal cloth, the other of said metals, claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged on the other surface of the fabric or carbon cloth The method for purifying ballast water according to 1. The ballast water purification method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein at least one of the metals is formed in a lattice shape, a net shape, or a spiral shape on the surface of the cloth, resin, or charcoal cloth. The ballast according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein one of the adjacent metals is arranged so as to be surrounded by the other of the metals on one surface of a cloth, a resin or a charcoal cloth. Water purification method. Fabric, on one surface of the resin or charcoal cloth, one of the metal adjacent, ballast water purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is arranged on the other of the metal . Wherein the fabric, ballast water purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the said metal having a resin or charcoal cloth laminated or parallel. Wherein the fabric, ballast water purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the formation of the metal in which a resin or charcoal cloth into a tubular shape.