1327558 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是種水處理綠，制相於缝反應與電容去離子反 應結合的流過式系統。 【先前技術】 水中污染物可麟許料_存在，電荷是區分離子性污染物與 中性污染物的最主要特徵。而水處理的目標是降低以下幾個指標指數：總 溶解固體量（TDS)、化學需氧量_)、生物需氧量（_以及細菌 與病毒的聚落群體指數（CFU>TDS是針對離子性污染物的測量，其他指 標則是針對中性污染物的測量。家庭、工業、農姊動物廢水中，大量含 有氮、磷的養份和有機物是COD和B〇D指數上升的主因。氨⑽， 麵〇nia)是工業生產與生物活動最常產生的污染物可以以非離子形式的 氨分子_3，ammonia)和離子形式的氨離子⑽4+，__咖㈤溶 解在水卜氨分子（nh3)對水生祕是有毒的，而氨離子（nh4+)則沒 有。但兩種形式的氨都可辑致河川、湖水和水庫之水f優氧化，從而對 人類的使财源造成危害^目前，從水巾去除氨廣泛採㈣是生物處理方 ^ ^ 6,572,773; 6,929,942; 6,936,456; 6,936,708; 6,984,317; 6,984,323; 6’99咖；7,001’516和7 〇〇1519 所描 5,294,348; 6,838,069; 6}994,793 ^ 7,005,072 ^ , 化學方法也可去除氨。化學處理需要錢到縣高的化學製品，而化學製 品又是-種污染的來源。生物處理方式不僅需要碳源用以供微生物生長， 1327558 也疋種緩慢的處理過程，需要在特定的阳值、溫度、氧含量、氣含量等 條件進行；科生物處理方法只能處理毫克/升或更低的氛含量。 為加快處理氨的速度，同時降低處理費用，電解技術開始被發展，這在 美國專利號6,348，143; 6,712,947和6,984,326中有所描述。實際上，電解 處理疋利㈣軒和臭氧之間的反獅成過錄子以作為氨的氧化劑。在 氧化此力方面，臭氧比麵軒有更佳的效果。直接糊臭氧來分解氨、 有機物和病原體是更直接有效的。在美國專利號6,984,33()巾，臭氧被用來 控制海水表面紅潮有機體的生長，而在美國專職6,984,361中，郵件和運 达的包裹施加臭氧，喊少包括炭疽菌仙的生物體。上述臭氧的運用專 利都是依靠電暈放電以產生臭氧。除了 2_v以上高電壓的操作條件外， 尚需要-套氧供應系統，-套臭氧傳送系統和—個防止臭械漏的防護區 域。由於臭氧不容易在水中溶解，為了產生有效的氧化，臭氧只能以微泡 朱的形式分佈在水中。昂貴的費用和低臭氧溶解度限制了電暈放電製造臭 氡運用在廢水處理的範圍。為解決前述問題，美國專利號6,984,295和 6,984,304宣稱以低伏電壓，搭配大電流電解水的臭氧製造方法，可使臭氣 直接在水巾產生。但是此方法在產生臭氧的總效率，缝污祕治上，仍 有許多改善的空間。例如，專利號6,984,33G就個離子交換膜來分離 產生的臭氧和氫氣《此交換膜價格高而且易阻塞。另一方面專利號 6,984,295則個多個電極和-套使廢水流過反應器的設計，從而使氨和其 他中性污染物的分解能與臭氧泡沫的形成同時發生。 生物除氮含有兩個反應步驟，即硝化作用與脫氮作用。首先，硝化菌和 1327558 硝化桿菌在有氧條件下，使氨進行氧化反應形成亞硝酸鹽（N〇2-)和硝酸 鹽（NO3 )。之後，在缺氧條件下，脫氮菌將這些陰離子還原成氮氣。若可 將氨完全的離子化，其副產物能透過一種不同於生物或化學處理方法迅速 •的去除。逆滲透膜和離子交換樹脂都容易被有機髒物、微粒及生物廢棄物 •等污染堵塞而失效，因此複雜的廢水處理並不適用逆滲透與離子交換方 法。而沒有經過充分前處理的臭氧氧化離子，也不適用於此兩種方法。相 較之下，電容去離子法（CDI)是-個抗污力佳的方法，當廢水通過流過式 _電容器（FTC)時，離子會被吸附在電極表面。此方法去離子時的耗電量很 小’且殘餘電能可以在FTC再生時直接回收。美國專利號6,58〇,598和 6,661，643中有電能回收的描述。CDI的處理能力主要由FTC的離子吸附量 決定。美國專利號7,000,409中，描述在沙漠之類的乾旱地區，以一個商用 FTC去除汽車廢氣的冷凝水中的N〇3.和⑽2·，使其成為可飲用的水源。 此專利中的FTC，TDS的減少十分有限，顯示該FTC不適用於大量廢水的 ，處S。因此’將一種高產能的FTC與臭氧反應器結合，使之成為一麵環 的處理系統’進而大量淨化含鱗子污染物和巾性污祕㈣各種水源。 【發明内容】 本發明由流過式臭氧反應ϋ結合堆疊式FTC，形成-個連續不斷的水處 •理系統，並以超電容器作為流過式臭氧反應器和FTC的能量管理器。流過 •式臭氧反應器和FTC使用相同構造設計的新額電極與材質不同的活性材料。 這套新穎的電極含有複數個第一組同樣的金屬片（即第一金屬片），電 極片彼此縱排地相平行；加上複數個第二組同樣的縱排地平行金屬片（即第 二金屬片），兩組金屬片交叉堆疊。然後，以第-支金屬棒貫穿堆疊的第一 7 1327558 組和第二組金屬片，使第—組金屬片與第—支金屬棒連接到—個電源供應 器，這樣第-支金屬棒和第一組金屬片形成第一個電極；再以第二支金屬 棒貫穿堆疊的第-組和第二組金屬片，使第二組金屬片與第二支金屬棒也 連接到該電源供應器，這樣第二支金屬棒和第二組金屬片形成第二個電 極》第-支金屬棒上還套了多數的__種絕緣體，用以和第二組金屬片產生 電絕緣，同樣地’第二支金屬棒也套上多數的同樣絕緣體，以和第一組金 屬片產生電絕緣。 用於臭氧反應器的金屬片可為盤狀、篩網、筛子或多孔電極片的形式。 電極片上的·可讓水流過-個封_外殼。或者，在無外殼下，臭氧反 應器可直接放人開放的水體中進行解毒。臭氧反應器的第—組和第二組電 極片都連接在各自的金屬棒上。儘管多數的金屬片以堆疊結構排列，同極 性的金屬片都並聯在同-根金屬棒上。兩導電棒的極性以固定的時間切 換，因此’每組金屬片均能變成正極以產生臭氧。上述切換不僅可以増加 臭氧的產量，而且能延長電極的壽命，使電極不被污染。用於產生^的 活性物，可以選祕、氧化銀或者合成鑽石，使之以_形式峨在2 片上。產生臭氧所必要的大電流，可經由脈寬調製（PWM)以超電容器來供 應。在運行中，臭氧反應器能夠連續工作，而不需要 /、1327558 IX. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a flow-through system in which water is treated with green, and the phase is combined with a capacitive deionization reaction. [Prior Art] Contaminants in water can exist, and charge is the most important feature distinguishing between ionic and neutral pollutants. The goal of water treatment is to reduce the following indicators: total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (), biological oxygen demand (_ and bacterial and viral colony population index (CFU> TDS is for ionic The measurement of pollutants, other indicators are for the measurement of neutral pollutants. In household, industrial, farm animal waste water, a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and organic matter are the main cause of the increase in COD and B〇D index. Ammonia (10) , 〇 〇) is the most commonly produced pollutants in industrial production and biological activities. It can be dissolved in the water ammonia molecule (nh3) in the form of non-ionic ammonia molecules (3, ammonia) and ion ions (10) 4+, __ coffee (5). ) is toxic to aquatic secrets, while ammonia ions (nh4+) are not. However, both forms of ammonia can be used to oxidize the water of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, thus causing harm to human resources. Currently, the removal of ammonia from water towels is widely used. (4) Biological treatments ^^ 6,572,773; 6,929,942; 6,936,456; 6,936,708; 6,984,317; 6,984,323; 6'99 coffee; 7,001'516 and 7 〇〇1519 described 5,294,348; 6,838,069; 6}994,793 ^ 7,005,072 ^, chemical methods can also remove ammonia. Chemical treatment requires money to go to the county's high-level chemicals, and chemical products are a source of pollution. Biological treatment methods not only require carbon sources for microbial growth, 1327558 also requires a slow process, which needs to be carried out under specific conditions of yang, temperature, oxygen content, gas content, etc.; Or lower odor content. In order to speed up the processing of ammonia while reducing the cost of processing, electrolysis techniques are beginning to be developed, as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,348,143; 6,712,947 and 6,984,326. In fact, the anti-lion between the Philip (4) Xuan and the ozone is treated as an oxidant for ammonia. In terms of oxidizing this force, ozone has a better effect than Face. Direct paste ozone to decompose ammonia, organic matter and pathogens is more direct and effective. In U.S. Patent No. 6,984,33 (), ozone is used to control the growth of red tide organisms on the surface of seawater. In the US full-time 6,984,361, mail and shipping packages are coated with ozone, shouting less organisms including anthrax. The above-mentioned ozone application patents rely on corona discharge to generate ozone. In addition to the high voltage operating conditions above 2_v, there is a need for an oxygen supply system, an ozone delivery system and a protective area to prevent odour leakage. Since ozone is not easily dissolved in water, in order to produce effective oxidation, ozone can only be distributed in water in the form of microbubbles. Expensive costs and low ozone solubility limit the use of corona discharge to create odors for use in wastewater treatment. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,984,295 and 6,984,304 claim that the ozone can be produced directly in the water towel with a low voltage and a large current electrolyzed water. However, this method still has a lot of room for improvement in the overall efficiency of ozone generation and the prevention of sewer fouling. For example, Patent No. 6,984, 33G separates ozone and hydrogen from an ion exchange membrane. "This exchange membrane is expensive and easily blocked. On the other hand, Patent No. 6,984,295 has a plurality of electrodes and sleeves designed to allow wastewater to flow through the reactor so that the decomposition of ammonia and other neutral contaminants can occur simultaneously with the formation of ozone foam. Biological nitrogen removal involves two reaction steps, nitrification and denitrification. First, nitrifying bacteria and 1327558 nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia to form nitrite (N〇2-) and nitrate (NO3) under aerobic conditions. Thereafter, the denitrifying bacteria reduce these anions to nitrogen under anoxic conditions. If ammonia can be completely ionized, its by-products can be removed quickly by a different biological or chemical treatment. Both reverse osmosis membranes and ion exchange resins are easily blocked by organic contaminants, particulates, and biological wastes. Therefore, complex wastewater treatment is not suitable for reverse osmosis and ion exchange methods. Ozone oxidizing ions that have not been sufficiently pretreated are not suitable for both methods. In contrast, Capillary Deionization (CDI) is a good anti-fouling method. When wastewater passes through a flow-through capacitor (FTC), ions are adsorbed on the electrode surface. This method consumes very little power when deionizing and the residual energy can be recovered directly during FTC regeneration. A description of electrical energy recovery is found in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,58,598 and 6,661,643. The processing capacity of CDI is mainly determined by the amount of ion adsorption of the FTC. U.S. Patent No. 7,000,409, which describes the removal of N〇3. and (10)2. in a condensed water from a commercial FTC in a dry area such as a desert, making it a drinkable source of water. The FTC in this patent has a very limited reduction in TDS, indicating that the FTC is not suitable for large amounts of wastewater. Therefore, a high-capacity FTC is combined with an ozone reactor to make it a one-sided treatment system, which in turn purifies a large number of water sources including scaled pollutants and scarves. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention combines a stacked-type FTC with a flow-through ozone reaction to form a continuous water treatment system, and uses an ultracapacitor as an energy manager for the flow-through ozone reactor and the FTC. The flow-through ozone reactor and the FTC use a new electrode with the same structural design and an active material with a different material. The novel electrode comprises a plurality of first set of identical metal sheets (ie, first metal sheets), the electrode sheets being parallel to each other in series; and a plurality of second groups of the same tandem parallel metal sheets (ie, Two metal sheets), two sets of metal sheets are stacked on each other. Then, the first branch of the first set of 1 1327558 and the second set of metal sheets are passed through the first branch metal rod, so that the first set of metal sheets and the first branch metal rod are connected to a power supply, such that the first branch metal rod and a first set of metal sheets forming a first electrode; a second metal rod extending through the stacked first and second sets of metal sheets, the second set of metal sheets and the second metal rod being also connected to the power supply Thus, the second metal rod and the second metal sheet form a second electrode. The first branch metal rod is also provided with a plurality of __ insulators for electrically insulating the second group of metal sheets, similarly ' The second metal rod is also sheathed with a plurality of identical insulators to provide electrical insulation from the first set of metal sheets. The metal sheet used in the ozone reactor may be in the form of a disk, a mesh, a sieve or a porous electrode sheet. The water on the electrode sheet allows water to flow through the envelope. Alternatively, in the absence of a casing, the ozone reactor can be directly decomposed in an open water body. Both the first and second sets of the ozone reactor are attached to the respective metal rods. Although most of the metal sheets are arranged in a stacked structure, the same polarity metal sheets are connected in parallel on the same-metal rod. The polarity of the two conductive rods is switched at a fixed time, so that each of the metal sheets can become a positive electrode to generate ozone. The above switching can not only increase the output of ozone, but also prolong the life of the electrode and prevent the electrode from being contaminated. For the active substance to be produced, the secret, silver oxide or synthetic diamond can be selected and placed on the two sheets in the form of _. The large current necessary to generate ozone can be supplied as an ultracapacitor via pulse width modulation (PWM). In operation, the ozone reactor can work continuously without the need for /,
打王以直流電24V 到3V的運行電壓’料的《率蚊實㈣壓，但撕妓職在臭氧產 量和電極壽命間取得平衡。大電流對增加臭氧量固有好處，對_活^ 薄臈的黏著力卻有害。 從性能和成本的角度說’ FTC是CDI的心臟。本發明提供了一 丄 W/558 反應器相似的堆叠構造的FTC電極。因此，ftc也能在一個封閉的系統，或 者可以直接放在-個開放水體中，只要FTC的電極通以直流電，它便能持 續吸附離子。不過，FTC和臭氧反應器有兩個顯著的區別個是活性物質， 是電極的再生。在FTC巾，具有大表面積的活性物，如活性碳奈 米碳管、或者富㈣（Ce。），均可用來吸附離子。由於吸附離子使電_ 速飽和，FTC需要不斷的再生。否則，飽和的阳電極將沒有去除離子的空 間CDI處理係由fTC的一系列充電和放電切換組成。ftc電極再生時殘 餘電能可以直接回收，而自動脫附的離子則須以清洗水攜出FTC。顯然，離 子的不完全沖洗，將危害GDI處_水質。消除oh處理中的交又污染， 是本發明的目的之—。類似於臭氧反應ϋ ’超電容ϋ也作為CDI的電力管 理系、·充該電谷器在降低Tj)s的過程匯中，具有能量儲存和能量供應的雙 重功效。 如上所述，超電容器是使CDI節能的關鍵元件，同時也是小型電源供 應器便訑產生臭氧的關鍵因素。通過快速充電和放電特性，超電容器能發 揮電力放大和電力暫存兩種作用，以供應臭氧氧化和離子去除時所需要的 電力’同時儲存FTC可供回收的電能。巧妙地運用超電容器的有效能量， 將進一步提高臭氧氧化和CDI處理的電能使用效率。 本發明之再一個目的，在於使CDI與流過式臭氧相結合成為〇3/CDI混 合處理系統’來連續不斷的淨化廢水。經過簡單的過濾，所有進水中的不 帶電污染物將首先被臭氧反應器氧化成氣體和離子物。充滿離子的水流其 次導入FTC裝置以去除離子，變成可飲用、可二次使用或者可排放的水。 I327558 在〇3·混合技術水處理作巾，G3對不㈣㈣和微生物將產生 相當於焚化的氧化個，而⑽將吸附所有帶電的物種類。〇3混合技 術水處理能直接去除水中佔據最多的離子和不帶電物f %和⑽處理都 不需要化學物品，因此，不會造成二次污染。 【實施方式】 本發明（VCDI混合水處理祕㈣每—_分的最健_在隨後的 φ 章節中描述。The king used the DC voltage of 24V to 3V to operate at the rate of “Mosquito (4) pressure, but the torn job balanced the ozone production and electrode life. The large current has the inherent benefit of increasing the amount of ozone, but it is harmful to the adhesion of _ live ^ 臈. From a performance and cost perspective, FTC is the heart of CDI. The present invention provides a FTC electrode of a similar stack configuration of a W/558 reactor. Therefore, ftc can also be placed in a closed system, or it can be placed directly in an open water body. As long as the FTC's electrodes are connected to direct current, it can continue to adsorb ions. However, there are two significant differences between the FTC and the ozone reactor, the active material, which is the regeneration of the electrode. In FTC towels, active materials having a large surface area, such as activated carbon nanotubes, or rich (Ce), can be used to adsorb ions. Since the adsorbed ions saturate the electric velocity, the FTC requires constant regeneration. Otherwise, the saturated anode electrode will have no space to remove ions. The CDI processing system consists of a series of charge and discharge switching of the fTC. The residual electric energy can be directly recovered when the ftc electrode is regenerated, and the self-desorbed ions must carry the FTC with the washing water. Obviously, the incomplete flushing of the ions will jeopardize the GDI water quality. It is the object of the present invention to eliminate the cross-contamination in the oh process. Similar to the ozone reaction 超 ‘ supercapacitor ϋ is also used as the power management system of CDI, and the electric grid is used in the process of reducing Tj)s, which has the dual functions of energy storage and energy supply. As mentioned above, ultracapacitors are a key component in making CDI energy efficient, and they are also a key factor in the generation of ozone in small power supply chargers. Through fast charging and discharging characteristics, ultracapacitors can perform both power amplification and power temporary storage to supply the power required for ozone oxidation and ion removal while simultaneously storing the energy that the FTC can recover. Clever use of the effective energy of the ultracapacitor will further improve the efficiency of the use of electric energy for ozone oxidation and CDI treatment. Still another object of the present invention is to combine CDI with flow-through ozone to form a helium 3/CDI mixing treatment system to continuously purify wastewater. After simple filtration, all uncharged contaminants in the influent will first be oxidized by the ozone reactor into gases and ionics. The ion-filled water stream is then introduced into the FTC unit to remove ions and become drinkable, reusable or drainable water. I327558 In the 〇3·mixed technology water treatment towel, G3 will not (4) (4) and the microorganism will produce an oxidation equivalent to incineration, and (10) will adsorb all charged species. 〇3 Hybrid technology water treatment can directly remove the most occupied ions and uncharged substances in water, f% and (10) treatment does not require chemicals, therefore, will not cause secondary pollution. [Embodiment] The present invention (VCDI mixed water treatment secret (4) is the most robust__ in the subsequent φ section.
流過式電容器FTC FTC是CDI的遽，在這裡離子被移去’使水的TDS降低到目標水準。 •圖1顯示原載於美國專利第6,462,935號的捲繞型FTC，該專利屬於本發明 V 持有人之一所擁有。就像圖1所顯示的，FTC是由2個電極2〇1和2〇2與 兩張隔離網203 —起繞一支進水管102纏繞，製成FTC圓筒。纏繞前，每 個電極片都釘有一個電極導線（未在圖丨上顯示），用來連接外部電源供應 % 器。纏繞後，FTC圓筒的兩端被密封起來。水從102管子上的開孔進入FTC 圓筒，再從FTC圓筒的側邊流出。隔離網203的厚度決定電極的間距，該 距離對電極被施加電壓後’所產生的靜電場強度的影響很大。較小的間距 , 可以引起較強的電場，使更多的離子被吸附而從水襄去除。然而，狹窄的 間距將限制水在FTC的流動，造成FTC再生時的交叉污染。處理低離子濃 度的水，比如自來水，如圖1的FTC圓筒可以很快地去除離子，把硬水轉 換為軟水》即便是未處理的自來水也可以用於電極再生時的清洗，而不損 害FTC的處理能力。不過，當處理的水是海水時，圓筒型FTC的纏繞和其 1327558 漫長路徑將產生下列二個難點： 1. 中間進水管各開孔的出水量獨，造成電極的使用率低。換言之不是 所有的電極表面都被用於吸附和移除離子，以及降低水的ms。 2. FTC再生時，脫附的離子不易被洗出，有些離子殘留在ftc+，嚴重污 染下次去離子時的水質。 為了解決交叉污染和改善電極利用率，本發明提供了一個全新的FTC 結構设什。圖2A顯示了新的FTC設計模組。該設計以厚度t的欽或不錄 鋼片作為基材，其上塗佈活性物質形成吸附離子的電極。這些活性物質可 以是活性碳，奈米碳管（CNT)或者富勒烯（Qg>另―方法是，碳布可以 替換上述基材和活性物f，直接作為吸附離？的電極。若活性碳被選為活 性物質，它可以利用滾筒或者旋轉塗佈，透過黏著劑固定於上述基材。可 是’黏著劑會產生不利影響，它會覆蓋活性碳的表面而損傷FTC電極的功 能。高達6G%的活性碳表面會被遮蓋。這種黏著劑的不利效應，可用直接 成長的奈米碳管或者C6〇作為吸附材料來消除。無黏著劑的電極的製作技術 正在公司内部開發。圖2A的電極金屬片上有三種不同直徑的孔洞。孔洞A 和B被設計用於將電極金屬片固定於金屬導電棒上，其中，孔洞A可使電 極片和導電棒產生電絕緣，孔洞B則使電極片和和導電棒產生電傳導。為 了達成電絕緣，一種不導電塑膠的絕緣體插環須被置入孔洞A中。另一方 面，孔洞B的直徑與導電棒直徑相同，使金屬片能與導電棒緊密接觸，以 產生較好的聯繫和低電阻。第三種直徑的孔洞c，為直徑2mm或更小的多 數通孔，可允許水流像瀑布式，以橫向或縱向自由地從一個金屬片流到下 1327558 一個金屬片。c的其他開孔形式也可用在金屬片上，只要水的停留時門和 水流速率能達到最好的平衡即可。如果以碳布作為FTC電極，孔洞c可以 不需要’因為水能滴穿過電極。水滴穿過的情形，常在水處理所用的粒子 交換床中見到。CDI處理的關鍵，在於表面積對體積的比率須要高。 圖2B顯示將一個金層片固定於兩根導電棒上的一種裝置的優先體現。 該裝置為一個插環IR，由聚乙烯，聚丙烯，鐵氟龍，或電木樹脂（Bakelite) 之類的塑膠絕緣材料製成。插環IR的外徑（0D)同圖2A的電極片上孔 洞A的直徑一樣，ir的内徑足以置入一個内徑與導電棒直徑相同的金屬環 (金屬環未在圖2B中顯示）。因此，金屬環可以使插環汛和導電棒緊密連 接在一起。IR的厚度h決定本發明的FTC的電極間距。其他的連接方法， 只要能使電極片和導電棒不會短路，又能產生良好的電導，都能用來製造 本創新的FTC。 圖2C顯示一個金屬片透過一個插環IR和二根導電棒R1和R2的連 接。如上所述，為了清晰，一個在IR中間的金屬環並不在圖2C中顯示。 圖2C中的每-個以孔洞B連接在R1上，同時以孔洞a連接在幻上的電 極金屬片，將被上下兩個插環IR夾在中間，該兩傭環被安插於同樣懸掛 在導電棒R1的兩個電極片的孔洞A上。同樣的構造方法應服每—個以孔 洞B連接在R2上的金屬薄片。本發明的新FTC就是透過金屬電極片孔洞a 和B交又地安裝在二根導電棒幻和Μ上而建造的。換句話說，每兩個鄰 近的金屬電極片都被以孔洞Α面對孔洞β安裝在導電棒上。每—個金屬電 冬片的孔洞Β都被上下兩個㈣金屬電極#的孔洞a失在巾間，同樣的情The flow-through capacitor FTC FTC is the enthalpy of the CDI where the ions are removed to reduce the TDS of the water to the target level. • Figure 1 shows a wound-type FTC as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,462,935, which is owned by one of the V holders of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the FTC is wound around a water inlet pipe 102 by two electrodes 2〇1 and 2〇2 and two isolation nets 203 to form an FTC cylinder. Prior to winding, each electrode sheet is pinned with an electrode lead (not shown on the figure) for connection to an external power supply unit. After winding, the ends of the FTC cylinder are sealed. Water enters the FTC cylinder from the opening in the 102 tube and exits from the side of the FTC cylinder. The thickness of the spacer 203 determines the pitch of the electrodes, which has a large influence on the intensity of the electrostatic field generated when the electrodes are applied with a voltage. Smaller spacing can cause a stronger electric field, allowing more ions to be adsorbed and removed from the water raft. However, the narrow spacing will limit the flow of water at the FTC, causing cross-contamination during FTC regeneration. Handling water with low ion concentration, such as tap water, the FTC cylinder of Figure 1 can quickly remove ions and convert hard water into soft water. Even untreated tap water can be used for cleaning during electrode regeneration without damaging FTC. Processing power. However, when the treated water is seawater, the winding of the cylindrical FTC and its 1327558 long path will produce the following two difficulties: 1. The water output of each opening of the intermediate inlet pipe is unique, resulting in low electrode utilization. In other words, not all electrode surfaces are used to adsorb and remove ions, and to reduce the water's ms. 2. When FTC is regenerated, the desorbed ions are not easily washed out, and some ions remain in ftc+, which seriously contaminates the water quality of the next deionization. In order to solve cross contamination and improve electrode utilization, the present invention provides a completely new FTC structure. Figure 2A shows the new FTC design module. The design is based on a thickness or t of a steel sheet or a non-recorded steel sheet on which an active material is applied to form an electrode for adsorbing ions. These active materials may be activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNT) or fullerenes (Qg). Alternatively, carbon cloth can replace the above substrate and active material f, directly as an electrode for adsorption separation. It is selected as the active material, which can be fixed to the above substrate by means of a roller or spin coating through an adhesive. However, the adhesive will have an adverse effect, and it will cover the surface of the activated carbon and damage the function of the FTC electrode. Up to 6G% The surface of the activated carbon will be covered. The adverse effects of this adhesive can be eliminated by directly growing carbon nanotubes or C6〇 as the adsorbent. The electrodeless electrode fabrication technology is being developed in-house. The electrode of Figure 2A There are three different diameter holes in the metal sheet. Holes A and B are designed to fix the electrode metal sheet to the metal conductive rod, wherein the hole A can electrically insulate the electrode sheet and the conductive rod, and the hole B makes the electrode sheet and Conductive conduction with the conductive rod. In order to achieve electrical insulation, an insulator insert of a non-conductive plastic must be placed in the hole A. On the other hand, the diameter and the guide of the hole B The rods have the same diameter, so that the metal sheet can be in close contact with the conductive rods to produce better contact and low resistance. The third diameter hole c is a plurality of through holes with a diameter of 2 mm or less, allowing the water to flow like a waterfall. Freely flowing from one sheet metal to the next 1327558 in a horizontal or vertical direction. A metal sheet can also be used on the metal sheet as long as the water and the water flow rate are at the best balance when the water stays. Carbon cloth as the FTC electrode, hole c may not need 'because water can drip through the electrode. The case of water droplets passing through is often seen in the particle exchange bed used in water treatment. The key to CDI treatment is surface area to volume ratio. Figure 2B shows a preferred embodiment of a device for attaching a gold layer to two conductive rods. The device is a plug IR, made of polyethylene, polypropylene, Teflon, or bakelite (Bakelite) The outer diameter (0D) of the insert ring IR is the same as the diameter of the hole A in the electrode sheet of Fig. 2A, and the inner diameter of ir is sufficient to insert a metal ring having the same inner diameter and diameter of the conductive rod. (The metal ring is not shown in Fig. 2B.) Therefore, the metal ring can tightly connect the plug ring and the conductive bar. The thickness h of the IR determines the electrode pitch of the FTC of the present invention. Other connection methods can be made as long as the electrode The chip and the conductive bar are short-circuited and can produce good conductance, which can be used to make the innovative FTC. Figure 2C shows a metal piece through a plug ring IR and two conductive bars R1 and R2. For the sake of clarity, a metal ring in the middle of the IR is not shown in Figure 2C. Each of the electrode metal pieces in Figure 2C with holes B connected to R1 while the holes a are connected to the phantom will be up and down. The inserting ring IR is sandwiched in the middle, and the two mains rings are inserted into the holes A of the two electrode sheets which are also suspended on the conductive rod R1. The same construction method should be applied to each of the metal sheets which are connected to the R2 by the holes B. . The new FTC of the present invention is constructed by attaching the metal electrode tab holes a and B to the two conductive rods and cymbals. In other words, each of the two adjacent metal electrode sheets is mounted on the conductive rod with the hole Α facing the hole β. Each hole of the metal electric winter piece is lost by the upper and lower (four) metal electrode # holes a, in the same situation
12 1327558 形發生在金屬電極片的孔洞A上。圖2D展示一個組裝好的創新FTC。該 FTC的R1和R2導電棒各自擁有相同數目與其電氣連接的平行金屬電極 片备圖2D的FTC金屬電極片堆疊被鎖緊時，每個金屬電極片將被位於 1：極片孔洞B的上下兩個插環IR中的金屬環緊密連接。因為所有的金屬電 極片乂同樣的成刀製成，它們任—都可作為正極或者負極^金屬電極片的 極性是被施加’電棒上的電荷所決定的。因此，導電棒和它上面所有透 過孔洞B作電氣連接的金屬電則將攜賴樣的極性。為了使導電棒和金 屬電極>{有良好的電氣連接’兩個麟板F1和们從金屬電極片和插環組 成的堆體兩端，糊四個螺母犯至⑽來鎖緊。當金屬電極#和插環互相 對壓時，在插環中間的金屬環將透過孔洞B緊緊地觸及金屬電極片。所以， 金屬電極)ί和它烟導電棒是通過金屬環作電氣連接。本發_創新FTC 所有的螺母’金屬環’和導電棒都是用抗雜金屬製成的，例如，欽金屬。 如果選脑或者鋼來製作前述料’該金雜财良好的抗腐純 護。圖2D所描述的FTC能用於進行宓閉模式或開放模式CDI處理。在密 閉模式中，FTC置於一個容器中，水流經由通電的FTC即被除去離子。另 一處理方式，為圖2D的FTC可以放在一個敞開的水體内任何深度，透過 電池或者再生能源的供電流來去除水中的離子。此種遙遠地區的開放式 FTC的運轉，無須發電所來供電。公司内部的研究發現圖2D的新ftc具 有高的電極利用率，並且實質上FTC無交又污染。 圖1和圖2D所描述的兩種類型FTC，利用相同方法運轉。當多數個圖 1或圖2D的FTC進行CDI處理時，它們以並聯充電去除水中的離子。因12 1327558 The shape occurs on the hole A of the metal electrode piece. Figure 2D shows an assembled innovative FTC. The R1 and R2 conductive bars of the FTC each have the same number of parallel metal electrode sheets electrically connected thereto. When the stack of FTC metal electrode sheets of FIG. 2D is locked, each metal electrode piece will be located above and below the pole piece B of the pole piece. The metal rings in the two inserts IR are tightly connected. Since all of the metal electrode pieces are formed by the same knife, they can be used as the positive electrode or the negative electrode. The polarity of the metal electrode piece is determined by the charge applied to the 'electric bar. Therefore, the conductive bar and all of the metal wires on it that are electrically connected through the hole B will carry the polarity of the sample. In order to make the conductive rod and the metal electrode >{have a good electrical connection' two slabs F1 and the ends of the stack formed from the metal electrode sheets and the insert ring, the paste four nuts are committed to (10) to lock. When the metal electrode # and the insert ring are pressed against each other, the metal ring in the middle of the insert ring will closely contact the metal electrode piece through the hole B. Therefore, the metal electrode) and its smoke conductive rod are electrically connected through a metal ring. The nut _ innovation FTC all nuts 'metal rings' and conductive rods are made of anti-hybrid metal, for example, metal. If you choose brain or steel to make the above materials, the gold and good fortune is good. The FTC described in Figure 2D can be used to perform a closed mode or an open mode CDI process. In the closed mode, the FTC is placed in a vessel and the water stream is deionized via the energized FTC. Alternatively, the FTC of Figure 2D can be placed at any depth in an open water body to remove ions from the water through a battery or renewable energy source. The operation of such an open FTC in such a remote area does not require power generation to supply electricity. In-house research found that the new fTC of Figure 2D has high electrode utilization and is essentially free of FTC contamination. The two types of FTCs depicted in Figures 1 and 2D operate in the same manner. When most of the FTCs of Figure 1 or Figure 2D are subjected to CDI processing, they are charged in parallel to remove ions from the water. because
13 1327558 此’僅以一個伏電壓便能使整組中的每一 FTC運轉。依待處理水的導電度， 操作的電壓可為1V到9V DC中的任-值。水的導電度愈高，操作電壓將 低愈。當FTC組變成飽和時，設定的操作電流會下降，即表示FTC需要再 生。再生中，去離子時所輸人的f流’最少3〇%可以被直接回收，貯備後 用。只要將飽和的FTC組連接-個負載’比如，超電容器，便能完成電能 回收。在FTC組的放電中’被吸附的離子將自動離開電極，變成可收集的 物廣，供再咖’或供簡單的棄置。當叹組放電時，它們以串聯進行， 使電能回收加速，同時吸附的離子可完全脫附。 流過式臭氧反應器 本發明以相同於圖2D的堆疊電極組裝，建構一個可在水中直接產生臭 、 氡的鑛臭氧反應11。❹卜’錄反應H所用的料和赚，類似於上述 的創新FTC。然而’與圖犯# FTC相比較，新的臭氧反應器仍有下列的 差異： _ 金屬鈦是錄反絲的基材，然而FTC可以使用—種便宜的基材，例如， 不錄鋼。臭氧反應器的環境是極為苛刻的，因此，必須使用鈦來抵抗氧 化腐姓。 :i 2:.銷’氧化鈒’或導電鑽石膜可作為臭氧反應器的活性材料，FTC則以碳 材(活性碳、奈米碳管或碳六十之不鏽鋼)當作鮮吸賴媒介^上述貴重 ’ 材料作為陽極並加以電壓時，臭氧即在水中產生。 3’臭氧反應器的電極可為盤狀或筛網，但ftc電極的開孔度相對較低。 413 1327558 This allows each FTC in the entire group to operate with only one volt. Depending on the conductivity of the water to be treated, the operating voltage can be any value in the 1V to 9V DC. The higher the conductivity of the water, the lower the operating voltage. When the FTC group becomes saturated, the set operating current drops, indicating that the FTC needs to be regenerated. During regeneration, at least 3〇% of the f-flow input to the person at the time of deionization can be directly recovered and used after storage. As long as the saturated FTC group is connected to a load, such as an ultracapacitor, electrical energy recovery can be accomplished. In the discharge of the FTC group, the adsorbed ions will automatically leave the electrode and become a collectible material for further disposal or for simple disposal. When the sigh group is discharged, they are carried out in series to accelerate the recovery of electric energy, and the adsorbed ions can be completely desorbed. Flow Through Ozone Reactor The present invention is assembled in the same manner as the stacked electrode of Figure 2D to construct a mineral ozone reaction 11 which produces odor and hydrazine directly in water. ❹ ’ ' Record the reaction H used and earned, similar to the above-mentioned innovative FTC. However, compared to the map FTC, the new ozone reactor still has the following differences: _ Metal titanium is the substrate for the reversed filament, but the FTC can use an inexpensive substrate, for example, without recording steel. The environment of the ozone reactor is extremely demanding, so titanium must be used to resist oxidation. :i 2:. Pin '鈒 鈒' or conductive diamond film can be used as the active material of the ozone reactor, FTC is based on carbon material (activated carbon, carbon nanotube or carbon sixty stainless steel) as a fresh absorption medium ^ When the above precious 'material' is used as an anode and a voltage is applied, ozone is generated in water. The electrodes of the 3' ozone reactor may be in the form of a disk or a screen, but the opening of the ftc electrode is relatively low. 4
臭氧反應ϋ可以去除眾多的巾性污染物，透過完全氧化使c〇D 1327558 減少，但FTC則透過表面吸附去除離子，使水的TDS降低。 5. 臭氧反應器可以不斷地去除的師c〇D而無需再生，然而FTC需要頻 繁的清洗。 6. 臭氧反絲供應-個無選擇性和破壞性的處理，細FTC提供—個非破 壞性的處理’並且獨峰子在;j；_⑽運轉階段，可以被吸附和釋 放》 7. 臭氧反應H耗能量’細FTC再生時，錢賊能量可以不經能量 轉化而被直接回收。 8. 臭氧反應㈣電極極性以—個事先設定__隔切換 ，然而FTC以一 個較長時間的間隔在充電（以吸附離子）和放電（以再生電極）間切換。 除以同樣構造製成電極組，本發明中的臭氧反應器和FTC裝置都用超電 合器作為電力管理的關鍵元件^為節約能量，臭氧反應器和FTC都使用 PWM (脈寬調製）運轉’而非持續供電。使用卩観，不僅改善水處理系 統的此里效率，臭氧的形成和離子吸附中可能存在的平衡狀態，也會因間 歇式供電而被破壞。因此，!>侧技術可以促進咖和流過式臭氧減少水的 TDS COD和BOD。類似於圖2D的FTC，臭氧反應器也可以在封閉式， 或開放模式下操作。新純反應㈣持續紐切換，為臭氧處理提供了以 下好處： 1) 反應器的每個電極都能夠作為在水中產生臭氧的陽極； 2) 因電極只在“-半”的操作期間以陽極形式工作，其壽命可以被延長； 3) 由於每個電極魏成為陽極，電極上的污魏積紐臭氧消滅而得 15 1327558 到抑制。 本發明巾的鑛臭氧反絲不制任何離子交換祕。齡隔膜可以 將氫氣與缝隔離，而提高臭氧濃度，但是顏價格昂責，並岐易受到 >可垢和微粒堵塞的侵襲若本發明巾的臭氧反應紐用隔膜，則無論是封 閉式的臭减’即水流過安放在—容^中的反應^ ;還是開放式臭氧化， 即將反應n浸在任何深度關放式水體巾，二者都不能運轉1為隔膜會 妨礙前者的水流’同時隔膜在後者中快逮堵塞4任—臭氧化模式中，臭 氧反應器被污染物質包圍，臭氧的微氣泡-形成，汗物立即與其反應。由 於緊密接觸’汙物與臭氧的反應比臭氧和氫之_反應快的多。換句話說， 水中有大量臭氧可供就地消滅污染物質。公司内部研究已經證實了水流通 過臭氧反應器後，水中含有顯著的臭氧味m氫氣的存在可能有 利於待處理水巾任何可㈣原汙物的去除。臭氧能提供相當於焚化作用的 全面氧化。因&，所有不帶電汙物都可以轉換成較原汗物毒性更小的氣體、 離子或者混合產品。-旦汗物成祕子物種，FTC將迅速去除水中的離子 副產物。類似於CDI處理，臭氧反應器的操作電愿也由待處理水的導電率 決定β—般情況下，電壓小於24VDC。如果待處理水具有良好的導電性， 如海水，最好將電駿置為5VDC以下，㈣免對臭氧反應^施加過大的 電流。當微紐超過1 A/em2時，貞、氧軸㈣，如紳氧驗可能從鈦 基材剝離》水中的臭氧濃度對水溫很敏感，低溫可以穩定水中存在的臭氧。 因此，流過式水的迴圈可以使臭氧反應器中水溫保持在低和穩定的狀態， 也能促進汙物的氧化。在高齒化物離子濃度的條件下，例如，5〇ppm或以 丄儿/558 上時，本發明的流過式臭氧化除產生臭氧外，還會產生次齒酸根離子。不 過’次《根離子也是去除B0D和c〇D的強力氧化劑。次聽根離子在 :留的時間比臭氧長’而且含有次崎根軒的水便於儲存，並可以 ·:殺義形式運送。更重要的是，本發_次_根離子是在水處理過程中 產生，消毒後的剩餘離子可以被CDI去除。 超電容器 # 杜述章節的描述中，超電容器是管理本發明的新FTC和新臭氧反應 器運轉時的電力使用的-個關鍵元件。超電容器之所以有“超級，，之稱，就是 因為它比傳統的電容器能儲存上百、上千倍的能量。和傳統的電容器一樣， 超電容H也是-種具錢速充電和放電逮率的肋雌元件。但是，由於 •其能則、體積儲存大容量，超電容器具有以下特性的附加價值： 1.在額定工作Μ内，電容n可以任何大小㈣流充電。因此，飽和FTC 、、且的任何大丨剩餘電’都可以迅速且完全地轉到超電容^，儲存備用。 φ 透過FTC，，且的串聯放電’剩餘電能從FTC轉到超電容器的速率可以加 快。FTC電極上被吸附離子的脫附也會加速。 «本發月的FTC組和臭氧反應器需要大電流操作時，超電容器能即時滿 足電力要求。如此可節省水處理的開支，因為能提供胤或以上大電流 的電源供應H非料貴ϋ經濟型電·應器所提供的小電流，超 t容ϋ便麟大量的核理提供幾十倍社電流。因為親供應器的負 荷低，有利於防止火災。 3.超電容器能夠不經過能量轉換’與變壓器和轉換器之_電子元件，就 17 !327558 能提供數倍於輸入電力的大電力。另一方面，超電容器能作為能量暫存 器來儲存從FTC再生時的回收電能π時超電容器中的儲存能量是不經 : 過轉換的。能量在超電容器的直接存放和提取，其損耗極小。使用超^ 容器管理水處理的電力運作，水處理的能耗將很低。 4·超電容器的壽命長，無需保養’並有良好的溫度特性和室外適應性。超 電容器已被用於在嚴寒溫度下發動車子。 _ 5.超電容器的工作電壓低，恰與本發明的FTC和臭氧反應器的低操作電壓 -致。低電壓_作條件也使水處理可_電池、_電池和再生能源 (比如，太電池和風渦輪）麵作。前舰源的功率輸岐常魏， 容易以使用超電容器來補償。 實際上’圖1所描述的FTC與超電容器有著相同的結構。兩種電容性 轉都需要電解液來操作。電解液提供電容器充電和放電時，所須要的吸 附和脫附離子。FTC和超電容器的主要區別，在於沉的電解液是流過的 •待處理水’而超電容器的電解液則是永遠㈣在容器裏。工業廢水脫鹽， 需要使用多個FTC裝置組成極大_的沉電極，知超電容器必須串 聯’以應射_FTC組放電所產生的高f ftc再生時，對串聯的超電 容器充電，可能造成電容器間不均㈣電壓分佈。電壓較高的電容器將先 失效，導致整組串聯的電容器跟著報廢。在單一個容器内多個將超電容器 的單it (dement)串聯的組裝方法，可以解決電壓失衡的問題。前述的内 部串聯組裝，可對所有在容器内的超電容器單元提供均一的溫度和蒸汽壓 力環境。因此’整個電容器_似於以單—元件充電，使總電壓平均分配 18 V'· 印7558 於所有單元。由於電壓能自動平均分佈，串聯組中的每個超電容器可以不 用一個防護電路。和其他儲電元件一樣，超電容器每的一滴儲能不是都具 有工作能力。在超電容器的放電過程中，如果超電容器的電壓下降到驅動 極限以下’電容器内的剩餘能量便告無效。通過兩組相同的超電容器在充 電和放電間切換’亦即交叉充放電（CDswing)，只有超電容器的有效能量 會被利用和補充，而達到節能。在交又充放電過程中，永遠有一組超電容 器放電’另一組同步再充電。當放電組消耗自身的有效能量後，它必須要 進行充電（以填補用掉的那部分），而另一組（在能量補充後）將立即取代 放電的位置，反之亦然。由於電級容器連續不斷的放電，透過本發明所提 議的PWM和其他控制器’使用交叉充放電的電源供應便能持續提供水處理 釋所需的大電力。交又充放電是為提高超電容器在電力應用的能量效率而 設計，若將電級容器用在水處理的電力供應系統，將減少能源成本。順便 一提，CDI操作也是一種交叉充放電，亦即多個FTC裝置在充電和放電之 間定時地相互切換。去鹽分的水在FTC組充電（並聯）時產生，但放電（串 聯）時’ FTC組獲得再生，同時電能和離子被回收。 O3/CDI混成水處理系統 圖3顯示流過式臭氧反應器、FTC、與使用交叉充放電的超電容器的電 源供應器，整合成為一個簡潔的、獨立的水處理系統的優先體現。如圖示， 進水在入口 1被抽入CVCDI混成水處理系統。經過以沙、木炭、活性炭、 或者其他低廉的過濾介質形成的過濾器2的粗濾後，水進入流過式臭氧反 應器3。水中所有不帶電污染物在反應器3和儲存槽4之間迴圈被氧化直 ^/558 纠所有不帶電污染物質被完全分解成氣體和離子產物。隨後被臭氧處理的 水在過濾器5被過濾和除泡，再流至FTC裝置6做進一步處理。在臭氧化 過程中，部分水巾原有的鮮’如Fe2+ ’將魏化成沉麟，例如，Fe2〇3。 因此’在CDI處理前的絲過献必要的**其他不能被氧化的軒加上臭 礼化废生的離子，可以在FTC 6 —併被去除和收集。在FTC 6進行的⑽ 處理，可持續到達到所要求的顶水準，然後，處理後的水到出口 7排放。 從進口 1到出π 7,進水不斷的被無化轉娜加的線上式臭氧和去離子作 用處理。正如在流過式臭氧反應器章節所描述的那樣，反應器能在連續工 作中完成自_潔。城地，FTC裝置輕要销再生和雜，此程不 需要添加任何化學㈣，完全經由放電於超電容_來完成。因此，〇3/cdi 混成水處理系統是-種無需化學義，及無污染產㈣水處理线。此外， 〇3/CDI混成水處理系統的處理能力，沒有不帶電物質，純，的濃度限制， 也沒有水巾料含量的_。，濃度深如海水的水也能直接用本 發明的裝置淡化成飲財’崎臭氧反應n和FTC裝置不會造絲何損害。 圖3只用來閣明CVCDI混成水處理系統，而不是用來限制本發明的應 用範圍…天要纽1G ’ _立絲或以上駐餘水，臭氧反絲和ftc 裝置可經由兩種電極尺寸的加大，用多個圖2D所描述的金屬電極片，同時 以多台臭氧反應器和FTC裝置來達成。由於臭氧產量和離子吸附率與可用 的電極總®櫝成iLtb ’ 03/CDI混成水敎合任何水量的處理的放大是輕而 易舉。圖3並沒顯示微處理雜制n，它是用來控制臭氧化、去離子、兩 套處理系賴介面、及電力管理。_微處理控制器，_套〇3/cdi混成水 1327558 處理全自動线便可建立，可以用最少的人力來操作。由於無化學藥劑的 操作、簡潔的臭氧反應器和FTC裝置，CVCDI混成水處理比市場的現行水 處理技術’例如，電暈放電臭氧化、逆滲透法（R〇)或者離子交換的脫鹽， 佔用更小的空I小空間意味著水處理的成本低。並且，〇3/CDI混成水處 理系統易於加在現有的水處理线裏。林發明的祕作為現有水處理系 統的無化學藥劑的預處理’可以大大減少昂貴的逆渗透⑽）隔膜和離子Ozone reaction can remove a large number of towel contaminants, and reduce c〇D 1327558 by complete oxidation, but FTC removes ions through surface adsorption, which reduces the TDS of water. 5. The ozone reactor can be continuously removed from the division c〇D without regeneration, however the FTC requires frequent cleaning. 6. Ozone anti-filament supply - a non-selective and destructive treatment, fine FTC provides a non-destructive treatment 'and a single peak in; j; _ (10) operation phase, can be adsorbed and released. 7. Ozone reaction H When energy is consumed, the energy of the thief can be directly recovered without energy conversion. 8. Ozone reaction (4) The polarity of the electrode is switched by a predetermined __ interval, however, the FTC switches between charging (to adsorb ions) and discharge (to regenerate electrodes) at a longer interval. In addition to the same configuration of the electrode group, the ozone reactor and the FTC device of the present invention both use the superconductor as a key component of power management. To save energy, both the ozone reactor and the FTC operate using PWM (pulse width modulation). 'Not continuous power supply. The use of helium not only improves the efficiency of the water treatment system, but also the equilibrium state that may exist in the formation of ozone and ion adsorption, and is also destroyed by intermittent power supply. Therefore, the !> side technology can promote the TDS COD and BOD of coffee and flow-through ozone reduction water. Similar to the FTC of Figure 2D, the ozone reactor can also be operated in a closed, or open mode. The new pure reaction (4) continuous switching provides the following benefits for ozone treatment: 1) each electrode of the reactor can act as an anode for generating ozone in water; 2) because the electrode is only in the form of an anode during "-half" operation Work, its life can be extended; 3) Since each electrode becomes the anode, the ozone on the electrode is destroyed by the ozone and it is suppressed to 15 1327558. The mineral ozone anti-filament of the towel of the present invention does not make any ion exchange secret. The age separator can separate the hydrogen from the seam and increase the ozone concentration, but the price is high and the susceptibility to the smear and the clogging of the particles. If the ozone reaction of the towel of the present invention is used, the membrane is closed. Odor reduction, that is, the flow of water through the reaction placed in the capacity ^; or open ozonation, that is, the reaction n is immersed in any depth-closed water towel, neither of which can operate 1 is the diaphragm will hinder the flow of the former' In the latter mode, the diaphragm is trapped in the ozonation mode. The ozone reactor is surrounded by pollutants, and the microbubbles of ozone form, and the sweat immediately reacts with it. The reaction between the soil and ozone due to intimate contact is much faster than the reaction between ozone and hydrogen. In other words, there is a lot of ozone in the water to eliminate pollutants on the spot. In-house research has confirmed that the presence of water in the water after passing through the ozone reactor contains significant ozone odour. The presence of hydrogen may be beneficial to the removal of any (4) original contaminants from the water towel to be treated. Ozone provides a full oxidation equivalent to incineration. Because of &, all uncharged dirt can be converted into gas, ions or mixed products that are less toxic than the original sweat. - Once the sweat is a secret species, the FTC will quickly remove ionic by-products from the water. Similar to the CDI treatment, the operation of the ozone reactor is also determined by the conductivity of the water to be treated. In general, the voltage is less than 24 VDC. If the water to be treated has good electrical conductivity, such as seawater, it is best to set the electricity to 5 VDC or less, and (4) to apply excessive current to the ozone reaction. When the micro-nucleus exceeds 1 A/em2, the helium and oxygen axis (4), such as the helium oxygen test may be stripped from the titanium substrate. The ozone concentration in the water is sensitive to the water temperature, and the low temperature can stabilize the ozone present in the water. Therefore, the circulation of the flowing water can keep the temperature of the water in the ozone reactor low and stable, and can also promote the oxidation of the dirt. At high densitide ion concentration conditions, for example, 5 〇 ppm or 丄 / / 558, the flow-through ozonation of the present invention produces nicotinate ions in addition to ozone. However, the root ion is also a powerful oxidant that removes B0D and c〇D. The secondary root ion is: the time left is longer than the ozone, and the water containing the sakizaki root is easy to store, and can be transported in a killing form. More importantly, the ___ root ions are generated during the water treatment process, and the remaining ions after disinfection can be removed by CDI. Ultracapacitor In the description of the Dushu section, the ultracapacitor is a key component for managing the power usage of the new FTC and new ozone reactors of the present invention. The reason why ultracapacitors have "super," is because it can store hundreds or thousands of times more energy than traditional capacitors. Like traditional capacitors, supercapacitor H is also a kind of money charging and discharge rate. The ribbed female component. However, due to its ability to store large capacity, the ultracapacitor has the added value of the following characteristics: 1. Within the rated working range, the capacitor n can be charged in any size (four). Therefore, the saturated FTC, And any of the excess electricity' can be quickly and completely transferred to the supercapacitor ^, stored for standby. φ through the FTC, and the series discharge 'remaining electrical energy from the FTC to the ultracapacitor rate can be accelerated. FTC electrode is The desorption of adsorbed ions is also accelerated. «The FCC and ozone reactors in this month require high current operation, and the ultracapacitors can meet the power requirements instantly. This saves water treatment costs because it can provide high currents of 胤 or above. The power supply H is not expected to be a small electric current provided by the economical electric power supply, and the large amount of nuclear power provides a dozens of times of current. Because of the load of the pro-supplier It is good for preventing fires. 3. Supercapacitors can pass the energy conversion 'with the transformer and converter's electronic components, 17 !327558 can provide several times the large power of the input power. On the other hand, the supercapacitor can be used as energy The register stores the stored energy in the ultracapacitor when the recovered electric energy is regenerated from the FTC. The stored energy in the ultracapacitor is not converted: the energy is stored and extracted directly in the ultracapacitor, and the loss is extremely small. The use of ultra-container to manage water treatment Power operation, water treatment energy consumption will be very low. 4. Supercapacitor has a long life, no maintenance required and has good temperature characteristics and outdoor adaptability. Ultracapacitors have been used to start the car in cold temperatures. _ 5. The ultracapacitor has a low operating voltage, just in line with the low operating voltage of the FTC and ozone reactors of the present invention. The low voltage _ conditions also enable water treatment - batteries, batteries and renewable energy sources (eg, batteries and wind turbines). The power of the front ship source is often Wei, which is easy to compensate with the use of ultracapacitors. In fact, the FTC described in Figure 1 has the same structure as the ultracapacitor. Sexual transfer requires electrolyte to operate. The electrolyte provides the adsorption and desorption of ions required for charging and discharging the capacitor. The main difference between FTC and ultracapacitor is that the sinking electrolyte is flowing through the water to be treated. The electrolyte of the ultracapacitor is forever (4) in the container. Desalination of industrial wastewater requires the use of multiple FTC devices to form a very large sink electrode. The supercapacitor must be connected in series to regenerate the high f ftc generated by the discharge of the FTC group. When charging the series connected ultracapacitors, it may cause uneven voltage distribution between the capacitors. The capacitors with higher voltages will fail first, causing the entire series of capacitors to be followed up. In a single container, multiple single capacitors will be supercapacitors. The problem of voltage imbalance can be solved by a series of assembly methods. The aforementioned internal series assembly provides a uniform temperature and vapor pressure environment for all of the ultracapacitor cells in the vessel. Therefore, the entire capacitor is like a single-element charge, so that the total voltage is evenly distributed 18 V'·printed 7558 to all cells. Since the voltages are automatically evenly distributed, each supercapacitor in the series can be used without a protective circuit. As with other storage components, every drop of energy stored in an ultracapacitor does not have the ability to work. During the discharge of the ultracapacitor, if the voltage of the ultracapacitor drops below the drive limit, the residual energy in the capacitor is invalid. By switching the charging and discharging between the two sets of identical supercapacitors, ie, CDswing, only the effective energy of the ultracapacitor is utilized and supplemented to achieve energy savings. During the charging and charging and discharging process, there is always a set of supercapacitors discharging, and another group is synchronously recharged. When the discharge group consumes its own effective energy, it must be charged (to fill the used portion), while the other group (after energy replenishment) will immediately replace the discharge position and vice versa. Due to the continuous discharge of the electrical level containers, the PWM and other controllers proposed by the present invention can continuously provide the large power required for water treatment by using a cross-charged power supply. Crossover, charge and discharge are designed to improve the energy efficiency of ultracapacitors in power applications. If electricity grade vessels are used in water treatment power supply systems, energy costs will be reduced. Incidentally, the CDI operation is also a kind of cross charging and discharging, that is, a plurality of FTC devices are periodically switched between charging and discharging. The salt-depleted water is produced when the FTC group is charged (parallel), but when discharged (in series), the FTC group is regenerated, while the electric energy and ions are recovered. O3/CDI Hybrid Water Treatment System Figure 3 shows a flow-through ozone reactor, FTC, and power supply with supercapacitors using cross-charge and discharge, which is a priority for integration into a compact, stand-alone water treatment system. As shown, the influent water is drawn into the CVCDI mixed water treatment system at the inlet 1. After coarse filtration of the filter 2 formed of sand, charcoal, activated carbon, or other inexpensive filter medium, water enters the flow-through ozone reactor 3. All uncharged contaminants in the water are oxidized in the loop between reactor 3 and storage tank 4. ^/558 Correction All uncharged pollutants are completely decomposed into gas and ionic products. The ozone treated water is then filtered and defoamed in filter 5 and passed to FTC unit 6 for further processing. During the ozonation process, some of the original fresh water such as Fe2+ will be transformed into Shenlin, for example, Fe2〇3. Therefore, the silk which is necessary before the CDI treatment, and other non-oxidized Xuan plus odorous waste ions, can be removed and collected at the FTC 6 . The (10) treatment at FTC 6 can be continued until the required level is reached, and then the treated water is discharged to the outlet 7 . From the inlet 1 to the π 7, the influent water is continuously treated by the in-line ozone and deionization of Najia. As described in the Flow Ozone Reactor section, the reactor can be self-cleaning in continuous operation. In the city, the FTC device is lightly regenerated and mixed. This process does not need to add any chemical (4), and is completely completed by discharging the super capacitor. Therefore, the 〇3/cdi mixed water treatment system is a water treatment line that does not require chemical and non-polluting production. In addition, the processing capacity of the 〇3/CDI mixed water treatment system is free of uncharged substances, pure, concentration limits, and no water towel content. Water with a concentration as deep as seawater can also be directly diluted with the device of the present invention into a drink. The ozone reaction and the FTC device do not cause damage. Figure 3 is only used for the CVCDI mixed water treatment system, and is not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention... Tianyao 1G '_ Lisi or above remnant water, ozone anti-wire and ftc device can pass two electrode sizes The enlargement is achieved by using a plurality of metal electrode sheets as described in Fig. 2D while using multiple ozone reactors and an FTC unit. It is a breeze to amplify the treatment of any amount of water due to the ozone production and ion adsorption rate combined with the available electrode total 椟 i iLtb ’ 03/CDI. Figure 3 does not show microprocessing miscellaneous n, which is used to control ozonation, deionization, two sets of processing interfaces, and power management. _Microprocessor controller, _set 3/cdi mixed water 1327558 The automatic line can be set up and can be operated with a minimum of manpower. Due to chemical-free operation, simple ozone reactor and FTC unit, CVCDI mixed water treatment is more than the current water treatment technology of the market 'for example, corona discharge ozonation, reverse osmosis (R〇) or ion exchange desalination A smaller empty space means less cost of water treatment. Moreover, the 〇3/CDI mixed water treatment system is easy to add to existing water treatment lines. Lin's secret as a chemical-free pretreatment of existing water treatment systems can greatly reduce expensive reverse osmosis (10) membranes and ions
交換樹脂費用《圖3沒有顯示超電容^，但它是包括在該_直流電力供 應器内。根據各自的電力管理，超電容器可以作為製作適合任何水量處理 的特殊切換式的電源供應器（SPS)的電力電子耕。—個水處理所需的電 力確定後’適㈣供電超電容器的容量，及電容器的充電電源便可跟著確 疋。別述量身定制的SPS可以最高能量效率和最低的成本滿足水處理的電 力需求。本發明的臭氧反應器與本發明的FTC均利用圖2D所示的同一電Exchange resin cost "Figure 3 does not show supercapacitor ^, but it is included in the _ DC power supply. According to their respective power management, ultracapacitors can be used as power electronics for making special switched power supplies (SPS) suitable for any water treatment. After the power required for water treatment is determined, the capacity of the (four) power supply ultracapacitor and the charging power supply of the capacitor can be confirmed. The tailor-made SPS meets the power requirements of water treatment with maximum energy efficiency and lowest cost. Both the ozone reactor of the present invention and the FTC of the present invention utilize the same electricity as shown in Figure 2D.
極堆彻結構，使水處理能以密閉或開放的模式進行。圖3為—個密閉式的 操作，臭氧反應ϋ和FTC裝置被置入各自的容器卜水流經過密閉的系統 依次接受臭氧化和去離子纽，水縣„在蚊巾。此密㈣統可被安 裝在购U，或者裝在卡車、小貨核拖車上，使之成為—套移動系統， 可根據處理f㈣報至目的地，例如，市場減樣缺援。臭氧化和 去離子所需㈣源’可取自電池、再生騎、或者發賴4於呢裝置再 生所需的清洗水’可以從CVCDI混成水處理系統產出的—小部分淨水獲 取i清洗水相反復直敢叉污㈣現，最後，清洗水可师其他廢 R起被CVCDI混成水處理綠淨彳|^因此，本發明的水處理系統中的水 21 的回收率高於90%以上。者皇 辑冥、乳反應器和FTC裝置使用圖2D中沒有外殼 ，構時’沈成為開放式臭氧化和去離子。二者可以放在任何深度的水中 7化混合水處理系統的水，或者流過混合线的水。雜水可能不 、先被去離子’再臭氧化的次序處理，水巾㈣物仍將被氧化或吸附。 Ί欠處理無而泵、輸水管道和儲存槽。將開放式臭氧反應器和ftc裝 置放在船首和船尾，及右神船的朗上，就職—飾上義式水處理 系統。為防止m體雕陷在電極間，每個FTC裝置和臭氧反廳都裝了一 、周篩由於，、需要低溪度的臭氧，如1〇 ppb到10 ppm，來消滅河流水 體中的不帶電汗物和海紐’同時臭氧濃度可以透過供應至反應器的電力 大小來控制，釋放到大氣中的多餘臭氧非常小。因此，臭氧對人類、海洋 生物和環境的不利影響大大地減少。同様地，本發明的FTC裝置也很環保， 因為它是以低電力，例如，3V X 2A或者ό瓦特，來去除被河水沖淡的離 子污染物質。低電力的應用大大降低電擊對人類和海洋生物帶來的危害。 FTC裝置吸附飽和後’可以將它拉起到甲板上進行再生，同時，另一個再 生後的裝置可以放入水中吸附離子。 本發明的實踐可以參考以下例子而獲得更好的理解，這些例子闡述了 臭氧反應器和FTC裝置的分別和一體的表現。 實施例1 10 種不同試劑級的鹽類：CuS04，FeS04，Ca (Ν〇3) 2. Fe (Ν〇3) 2， Α1 (Ν〇3) 3，NaN03，Ζη (Ν〇3) 2 ’ Κ3Ρ04 ’ Na3P〇4 和 NaC卜分別溶解 於1公升的去離子水中，形成1〇種濃度為700到1000ppmTDS的純溶液。 22 1327558 每種溶液分別被密封在容量為600毫升容器内的圓筒型FTC裝置（如圖 1)’由5個FTC串聯形成的模組去除離子。在測試中，每種溶液以1八升 /分鐘的速度不斷流過FTC模組。每一個FTC圓筒由二個幾何面積為 平方釐米的電極所形成’並以3V直流電壓施加在FTC的兩個電極之間去 除離子。由於5個FTC裝置是並聯充電，每一個FTC會得到3V充電電壓， 整個充電電流則在6A左右。圖4顯示每種鹽液在經過三個電容去離子 (CDI)迴圈後TDS的減少’每個CDI迴圈包括3分鐘的充電去離子和2 分鐘的放電和清洗來使FTC電極再生。除了含有so?-的溶液外，其他溶 液中的TDS都減少到200PPm以下，說明許多陽離子和陰離子都很容易被 CDI去除。去除s〇4和提尚溶液的整體淡化率，可以較高的電壓進行去離 子。 實施例2 以-台像美國專利第6,984,295號（專利目前為本發明的擁有人所擁有） 所揭示的臭氧反應H ’對L5公升的1%氨水進行臭氧化。釐米寬與 1〇董米長，網目為3.5mmx6.5mm的鑛白金鈦網，作為電極形成臭氧反應 器。該臭氧反應器放在1.5公升氨水的容器内，施以平均8.5V以下的電壓 和平均1 ·75Α電流，及PWM控制進行臭氧化。臭氧過程化中只測量氨水的 TDS，每-小時的取變化如圖5Α所示。臭氧化開始後約6小時，氨水 的TDS上升縣絲轉氧分職已經完成。大部分倾臭氧的分解可以 下列公式表示： 23 1327558 2NH3 + 〇3 ^N2t + 3H20 接下來臭、氧處理後的水以實施例i的單支裝置，及w直流電 壓去離子。® 5B _水巾的顶平觀從崎师減卻％靜。由於 溶液的™穩定地減少’表明再沒有_的氨分子，否則，氨將被電解， 從而導致TDS增加。圖5B中的TDS下降分為4節在a和c節，ftc 被以來m碌B節，fTC以去離子水沖洗。大約毫升的自來水 或去離子水_來沖洗。在D節，以—靖的FTC去鮮隨後並以自來 水冲洗該FTOg用上-個新的FTC時，仙觀制tds突然下降。因此， 交又污染對於捲繞成如圖丨的FTC的去離子性能是侧擾。個乾淨水， 如去離子水來沖洗FTC ’可以敍又污_少到最小^ B節的TDS突然降 低便反應清洗絲。其财法包括制更清潔的水沖洗，或者❹台FTC 處理，也可以減少交又污染。不過，實施例2證明〇3/cdi混成處理技術能 夠以低能耗、無任何化學㈣和無㈣驗訂，迅速地把高氨濃度水處 理成可飲用水平。在處理過程中，不帶電氨分子要在去除離子前經過氧化， 這樣在CDI操作中這些分子就不會被電解而降低電流效率。 實施例3 將6公克氨溶解在2公升自來水中，再與1公升過濾後的海水混合(刃^ = 35,000ppm)。該加鹽的氨水先用如圖2D所示的電極結構，並置於如實施 例1的容器中的臭氧反應器氧化。上述反應器以氧化銥（Ir〇2)電鍍在網目 為1.5mmX 3.0mm的鈦網，作為臭氧形成的電極，再由32片直徑5.3cm的 IrO/Ti圓盤電極組成臭氧反應器。臭氧化電力為12V X l〇A，且電極極性 24 1327558 每分鐘轉換一次。含氨鹽水在臭氧反應器和蓄水池之間迴圈，表1列出了 臭氧化中，溶液的TDS、pH值、電壓和電流的每小時變化。 表1使用氧化銥的臭氧反應器對含氨鹽水的氧化 時間 (小時）TDS (ppm) pH 電壓（V) 電流（A) 0 11,030 10.4 3.8 10 1 12,300 9.90 3.9 10 2 12,300 9.70 3.9 10 3 12,300 9.20 3.9 10 4 12,500 7.90 4.0 10 5 12,400 8.17 4.0 10 6 12,400 8.18 4.0 10 如果2公升自來水和1公升海水混合，則混合後的水鹼度為pH 7 6。 一旦氨加入該混合水中，混合後的物質鹼度馬上跳到了 1〇4。在臭氧過程 中’氨鹽水的pH值逐漸減少。因此，根據表卜臭氧化的第3到第4小時 之間時，氨的完全氧化應已達成。如果氨和臭氧的反應比例為11，臭氧反 應器應該每小時產生超過1.5克的臭氧。pH值為7時，水中所有不帶電氨 分子將變成銨離子（NH4+)。水的pH值至少要到10.5，才能使氨以蒸汽狀 態去除。臭氧化的電流固定在10A，而操作電壓自動為水的導電度決定。 因為水不斷迴圈，水的溫度在23T # 25。(：變化’接近周圍環境溫度。臭 氧處理後’被氧化的水也使用圖2D所示的堆疊FTC進行去離子。上述FTC 含有80片鈦金屬盤(厚度0.5毫米，直徑5·3毫米，及如圖2a所示的孔洞）， 盤上塗上了活性炭作為離子吸附材料。該盤狀電極分為兩組，每組與i個 25 1327558 金屬導電棒電氣連接。以3V電壓施加在兩個導電棒上，來淡化表1申氧化 後的水。在30個CDI迴圈的操作中，含氨鹽水的TDS從12，400ppm減少 到400ρρπ^本發明的〇3/CDI混技術以無污染形式成功完成了 3公升含有 2000ppm氨和至少10，000ppm鹽的廢水處理，該溶液超過了生物法和無化 學藥劑的逆滲透法（RO)的處理能力。 實施例4 -個鋼鐵_ 2〇公升縣，其C〇D錄314ppm射龜於1〇〇ppm 以下。該廢水以如圖3所示的〇3/CDI混成裝置先氧化然後去鹽，表2顯示 每一處理階段的結果： (VxA) 處理時間 COD (ppm) 5 X 20 --— 1小時迴圈 235 6.5 X 14 通過一次 90 表2 ·通過CVCDI處理將廢水COD減少，原c〇D含量=314ppm 電極總面 處理 (cm2) 100 30,000 臭氧化The structure is so dense that the water treatment can be carried out in a closed or open mode. Figure 3 is a closed operation, the ozone reaction enthalpy and the FTC device are placed in their respective containers. The water flow passes through the closed system to receive ozonation and deionization in turn, and the water county „ in the mosquito net. This dense (four) system can be Installed in the purchase of U, or installed on the truck, small cargo nuclear trailer, so that it becomes a set of mobile systems, can be reported to the destination according to the treatment f (four), for example, market sample deficiency, ozonation and deionization required (four) source 'Required from the battery, regenerative ride, or the cleaning water required for the regeneration of the device' can be obtained from the CVCDI mixed water treatment system - a small part of the clean water to obtain i wash the water phase repeatedly straight dare fork (four) is now Finally, the cleaning water can be used to treat other wastes from the CVCDI mixed water treatment. Therefore, the recovery rate of the water 21 in the water treatment system of the present invention is higher than 90%. And the FTC device uses no shell in Figure 2D, and the structure becomes 'open ozonation and deionization. Both can be placed in any depth of water, 7 water in the mixed water treatment system, or water flowing through the mixing line. Water may not be deionized first In the order of oxidation treatment, the water towel (4) will still be oxidized or adsorbed. The pump is not treated, but the pump, water pipeline and storage tank. The open ozone reactor and the ftc device are placed at the bow and stern, and the right god ship Lang Shang, inauguration - decorated with the water treatment system. In order to prevent the m body from being trapped between the electrodes, each FTC device and the ozone anti-hall are equipped with one, weekly sieve, and low-level ozone, such as 1 〇ppb to 10 ppm to eliminate the absence of electrowetting and flooding in river waters. At the same time, the ozone concentration can be controlled by the amount of electricity supplied to the reactor, and the excess ozone released into the atmosphere is very small. Therefore, ozone is on humans. The adverse effects of marine life and the environment are greatly reduced. Similarly, the FTC unit of the present invention is also environmentally friendly because it removes ionic pollutants that are diluted by river water with low power, for example, 3V X 2A or wattage. The application of low power greatly reduces the harm caused by electric shock to humans and marine organisms. After the FTC device is saturated, it can be pulled to the deck for regeneration, and another regenerative device can be used. The ions are placed in water to adsorb ions. The practice of the present invention can be better understood with reference to the following examples which illustrate the respective and integrated performance of the ozone reactor and the FTC unit. Example 1 10 different reagent grade salts: CuS04, FeS04, Ca (Ν〇3) 2. Fe (Ν〇3) 2, Α1 (Ν〇3) 3, NaN03, Ζη (Ν〇3) 2 ' Κ3Ρ04 'Na3P〇4 and NaC Bu are dissolved in 1 respectively In liters of deionized water, a pure solution of 700 to 1000 ppm TDS is formed. 22 1327558 Each solution is sealed in a cylindrical FTC unit (Fig. 1) with a capacity of 600 ml (by 5 FTC) The modules formed in series remove ions. In the test, each solution was continuously passed through the FTC module at a rate of 18 liters per minute. Each of the FTC cylinders is formed by two electrodes having a geometric area of square centimeter and is applied between the two electrodes of the FTC with a 3 VDC voltage to remove ions. Since the five FTC devices are connected in parallel, each FTC will get a 3V charging voltage, and the entire charging current is around 6A. Figure 4 shows the reduction in TDS for each salt solution after three capacitor deionization (CDI) loops. Each CDI loop includes 3 minutes of charge deionization and 2 minutes of discharge and cleaning to regenerate the FTC electrode. Except for solutions containing so?-, the TDS in other solutions was reduced to below 200 ppm, indicating that many of the cations and anions were easily removed by CDI. The overall desalination rate of s〇4 and the tidy solution is removed, and the deionization can be performed at a higher voltage. Example 2 Ozone reaction of the L5 liter of 1% ammonia water was carried out by the ozone reaction H' disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,984,295 (the patent is owned by the owner of the present invention). The centimeter is wide and 1 inch long and the mesh is 3.5mm x 6.5mm ore. It is used as an electrode to form an ozone reactor. The ozone reactor was placed in a 1.5 liter ammonia water vessel and subjected to an average voltage of 8.5 V or less and an average current of 1.75 Torr, and subjected to PWM control for ozonation. In the ozone process, only the TDS of ammonia water is measured, and the change per hour is shown in Fig. 5Α. About 6 hours after the start of ozonation, the TDS of ammonia water rises and the division of oxygen in the county has been completed. The decomposition of most of the ozone can be expressed by the following formula: 23 1327558 2NH3 + 〇3 ^N2t + 3H20 Next, the odorous, oxygen-treated water is deionized by the single unit of Example i, and w DC voltage. ® 5B _ The top view of the water towel is reduced from the Qi Shi teacher. Since the TM of the solution is steadily reduced, indicating that there is no more ammonia molecules, ammonia will be electrolyzed, resulting in an increase in TDS. The TDS drop in Figure 5B is divided into 4 sections in sections a and c, ftc is followed by m-band B, and fTC is rinsed with deionized water. Rinse about liters of tap water or deionized water. In section D, when the FTC was used to rinse the FTOg with tap water and a new FTC, the tDS suddenly dropped. Therefore, the contamination and the contamination are side disturbances for the deionization performance of the FTC wound up as shown. A clean water, such as deionized water to rinse the FTC ‘can be smudged _ to the minimum ^ B section of the TDS suddenly reduced to respond to the cleaning wire. Its financial methods include a cleaner water rinse, or a FTC treatment, which can also reduce cross-contamination and pollution. However, Example 2 demonstrates that the 〇3/cdi blending process can quickly treat high ammonia concentration water to a drinkable level with low energy consumption, without any chemical (four) and no (four) inspections. During the process, the uncharged ammonia molecules are oxidized prior to ion removal, so that these molecules are not electrolyzed during CDI operation to reduce current efficiency. Example 3 6 g of ammonia was dissolved in 2 liters of tap water and mixed with 1 liter of filtered seawater (blade = 35,000 ppm). The salted ammonia water was first oxidized by an ozone reactor as shown in Fig. 2D and placed in an ozone reactor as in the vessel of Example 1. The above reactor was electroplated with ruthenium oxide (Ir〇2) on a titanium mesh having a mesh size of 1.5 mm×3.0 mm as an electrode for ozone formation, and then an ozone reactor was composed of 32 IrO/Ti disk electrodes having a diameter of 5.3 cm. The ozonation power is 12V X l〇A, and the electrode polarity 24 1327558 is converted every minute. The ammoniated brine is looped between the ozone reactor and the reservoir. Table 1 lists the hourly changes in TDS, pH, voltage and current of the solution during ozonation. Table 1 Oxidation time (hours) of ammonia-containing brine using an osmium oxide ozone reactor TDS (ppm) pH voltage (V) Current (A) 0 11,030 10.4 3.8 10 1 12,300 9.90 3.9 10 2 12,300 9.70 3.9 10 3 12,300 9.20 3.9 10 4 12,500 7.90 4.0 10 5 12,400 8.17 4.0 10 6 12,400 8.18 4.0 10 If 2 liters of tap water is mixed with 1 liter of seawater, the water alkalinity after mixing is pH 7.6. Once ammonia is added to the mixed water, the alkalinity of the mixed material immediately jumps to 1〇4. During the ozone process, the pH of the ammonia brine gradually decreases. Therefore, according to the table between the 3rd and 4th hour of ozonation, complete oxidation of ammonia should be achieved. If the reaction ratio of ammonia to ozone is 11, the ozone reactor should produce more than 1.5 grams of ozone per hour. At pH 7, all uncharged ammonia molecules in the water will become ammonium ions (NH4+). The pH of the water must be at least 10.5 to remove ammonia in a vapor state. The ozonation current is fixed at 10A, and the operating voltage is automatically determined by the conductivity of the water. Because the water keeps circling, the temperature of the water is at 23T #25. (: The change 'close to ambient temperature. After ozone treatment' the oxidized water is also deionized using the stacked FTC shown in Figure 2D. The FTC contains 80 titanium plates (thickness 0.5 mm, diameter 5.3 mm, and As shown in Figure 2a, the disk is coated with activated carbon as an ion-adsorbing material. The disc-shaped electrodes are divided into two groups, each of which is electrically connected to i 25 1327558 metal conducting rods. Above, to dilute the water after oxidation in Table 1. In the operation of 30 CDI loops, the TDS containing ammonia brine was reduced from 12,400 ppm to 400ρρπ^ The 〇3/CDI mixing technology of the present invention was successfully completed in a non-polluting form. 3 liters of wastewater treatment containing 2000 ppm ammonia and at least 10,000 ppm salt, which exceeds the biological process and chemical-free reverse osmosis (RO) treatment capacity. Example 4 - Steel _ 2 〇 liter County, C〇D recorded 314ppm shot turtles below 1〇〇ppm. The wastewater was first oxidized and then desalted in a 〇3/CDI mixing device as shown in Figure 3. Table 2 shows the results of each treatment stage: (VxA) Processing time COD (ppm) 5 X 20 --- 1 hour loop 235 6.5 X 14 Pass once 90 Table 2 · Reduce COD of wastewater by CVCDI treatment, original c〇D content = 314ppm Total electrode surface treatment (cm2) 100 30,000 Ozonation
CDI 表2指出臭氧反應器的電極總面積比CDI要 π夕因此其減少的COD· 也較小如水中含有卿，它在臭氧化巾錄化成NCV或者n〇3-，ci 去除離子的速率，賴於〇3晚化軒。〇3/α)Ι兩械理咐流都是i 公升/分鐘，處理後的水經過FTC模組組需要13 L疋 力㈣間。如果水流經〗 裝置的次數多-次，COD就能減少得更多。不需要使用化學言柳 菌，因此，〇3/CD處理是乾淨、經濟和快速的。 結論 26 1327558 從以上實施例和公司内部的測試看來，本發明無疑為各種各樣廢水的處 理^供了 一套無化學樂劑、低能耗、及佔用空間小的方案。td§、c〇D和 BOD的^•除都⑽在線式或者敝水财完成。混減賴任何處 理水量的放大’是簡單易行的。臭氧反應II和FTC裝置都是模組，可以隨 著水處理量的加大而增加。所有用於製作臭氧反應器和FTc裝置的材料都 對環境無害，其金屬部件也是可迴圈使用的。電流被用來電產生臭氧，同 時也被用來控制離子污染物的吸附和脫附，因此〇3/Cdi兩種處理既乾淨、 迅速，功效也高。為〇3/(：][)1混成水處理系統所需的電力而量身訂製的超 電容器是節能和可靠的。由於不使用化學試劑或細®，離子處於原始狀態， 可在CDI處理中的FTC裝置義再_。即令是海水中的普㈣也是人類 和動物f貴的資源’同時也可用於許多工業生產。本發明的〇3/CDI混成系 統的運用幾乎是無止境的，更重要的是，它為水處理提供了-套自然而經 濟的解方案。CDI Table 2 indicates that the total area of the electrode of the ozone reactor is π than that of CDI, so its reduced COD· is also small. If the water contains qing, it is recorded in the ozonized towel to NCV or n〇3-, ci to remove ions. Lai Yuzhen 3 night Huaxuan. 〇3/α) Ι both mechanical turbulence is i liters / minute, the treated water needs 13 L ( force (four) through the FTC module group. If the water flows through the device more than once, the COD can be reduced even more. Chemical bacteria are not required, so 〇3/CD treatment is clean, economical and fast. Conclusion 26 1327558 From the above examples and internal testing of the company, the present invention undoubtedly provides a solution for the treatment of various waste waters without a chemical agent, low energy consumption, and small footprint. ^d§, c〇D and BOD ^• except for (10) online or 敝水财 completed. Mixing and reducing the magnification of any treated water is simple and easy. Both the Ozone Reaction II and the FTC unit are modular and can be increased as the amount of water treated increases. All materials used to make ozone reactors and FTC units are environmentally friendly and their metal parts are recirculating. The current is used to generate electricity electrically, and is also used to control the adsorption and desorption of ionic contaminants. Therefore, the 〇3/Cdi treatment is both clean, rapid, and efficient. Ultracapacitors tailored to the power required to mix 3/(:][)1 water treatment systems are energy efficient and reliable. Since the chemical is not used or the fine ® is in the original state, the FTC device in the CDI process can be re-defined. Even in the sea, the general (four) is also a resource for humans and animals. It can also be used in many industrial productions. The use of the 〇3/CDI hybrid system of the present invention is almost endless and, more importantly, it provides a natural and economic solution for water treatment.
27 V. 1327558 【圖式簡單說明j 圖1 @選自美國專利號M62,935，CDI處理的圓筒型FTC示意圖。 圖2A顯示厚度為t的一種金屬片，通過三種不同尺寸的孔洞，其中最大 的孔A是用來使金屬片與其附屬的金屬導電棒產生電絕緣。b用 來使金屬片和另—根金料電棒產生電傳導，C是水流過的孔。 圖2B是-個環形的插入式絕緣體示意圖，用以將電極金屬片固定在金 屬導電棒上。 圖2C i —個金屬片與兩根金屬棒連接固定的示意圖。金屬片與-根金 屬棒連接導電，與另一根金厲導電棒絕緣。 圖2D是一具臭氧反應器或FTC的電極裝置。 圖3是(VCDI混合式水處理系統連續處理廢水的結構圖 圖4 齡級通過5支㈣的FTC模組的1()種無機鹽的完全溶 解固體）減少曲線。 圖5A顯不1%的氨水通過置於水中的臭氧反應器，氨被臭氧分解而使溶 液的導電率增加。 圖5B顯示臭氧處理過的氨水通過一支FTC，導電率進一步降低。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 入口 2 過濾器 3 流過式臭氧反應器 4 儲存槽 5 過滤器 28 1327558 6 FTC裝置 7 出口 102 進水管 201 電極 202 電極 203 隔離網27 V. 1327558 [Simplified illustration of the diagram j Figure 1 @ is selected from the US patent number M62, 935, CDI processed cylindrical FTC schematic. Figure 2A shows a metal sheet of thickness t that passes through three different sized holes, the largest of which is used to electrically insulate the metal sheet from its associated metal conductive rod. b is used to make electrical conduction between the metal sheet and the other gold conductor, and C is the hole through which the water flows. Figure 2B is a schematic illustration of a toroidal plug-in insulator for securing an electrode metal sheet to a metal conductive rod. Figure 2C i is a schematic view showing the connection of a metal piece to two metal bars. The metal piece is electrically connected to the - metal rod and insulated from the other gold-plated conductive rod. Figure 2D is an electrode assembly with an ozone reactor or FTC. Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the continuous treatment of wastewater by the VCDI hybrid water treatment system. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the reduction of the complete dissolved solids of the 1 () inorganic salt of the FTC module of the 5th (four) grade. Fig. 5A shows that 1% of ammonia water passes through an ozone reactor placed in water, and ammonia is decomposed by ozone to increase the conductivity of the solution. Figure 5B shows that the ozone treated ammonia water passes through an FTC and the conductivity is further reduced. [Main component symbol description] 1 Inlet 2 Filter 3 Flow-through ozone reactor 4 Storage tank 5 Filter 28 1327558 6 FTC unit 7 Outlet 102 Inlet pipe 201 Electrode 202 Electrode 203 Isolation net