JP5517118B2 - 1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンDの製造方法 - Google Patents
1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンDの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5517118B2 JP5517118B2 JP2009144232A JP2009144232A JP5517118B2 JP 5517118 B2 JP5517118 B2 JP 5517118B2 JP 2009144232 A JP2009144232 A JP 2009144232A JP 2009144232 A JP2009144232 A JP 2009144232A JP 5517118 B2 JP5517118 B2 JP 5517118B2
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- hydroxylase
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Images
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Description
(a)配列表の配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列において、
73位のアルギニンがアラニン、バリン、ロイシン又はイソロイシンに、及び84位のアルギニンがアラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、プロリン、フェニルアラニン、メチオニン、トリプトファン、グリシン、システイン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、セリン、トレオニン、チロシン、アスパラギン酸又はグルタミン酸に置換された、改変アミノ酸配列
(b)前記改変アミノ酸配列において、前記73位のアルギニン及び84位のアルギニンの置換の他さらに、1から9個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、逆位、付加及び挿入からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の修飾を有するアミノ酸配列
(c)前記改変アミノ酸配列と70%以上の相同性を有する、前記73位のアルギニン及び84位のアルギニンの置換を含むアミノ酸配列
(d)0.2μM ビタミンD水酸化酵素を、0.1mg/ml フェレドキシン、0.1U/ml フェレドキシン還元酵素、1U/ml グルコース脱水素酵素、1% グルコース、0.1mg/ml カタラーゼ及び1mM NADPHを含む100mM Tris−HCl(pH7.4)−1mM EDTA緩衝液中の10μM 1α,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンD3に、30℃、30分間作用させた場合の1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンD3への変換率は0.1%以上である
カラム:ODSカラム;
検出波長:265nm;
流速:1.0ml/min;
カラム温度:40℃;
溶出条件:70%(v/v)アセトニトリル水溶液からアセトニトリルまでのアセトニトリル直線濃度勾配(15分間)
73位のアルギニンがバリン、ロイシン又はイソロイシンに、及び84位のアルギニンがアラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、プロリン、フェニルアラニン、メチオニン、トリプトファン、グリシン又はシステインに置換された配列である。
(A)ビタミンD水酸化酵素
本発明の製造方法において使用するビタミンD水酸化酵素は、改変アミノ酸配列を有し、かつ該ビタミンD水酸化酵素 0.2μMを、0.1mg/ml フェレドキシン、0.1U/ml フェレドキシン還元酵素、1U/ml グルコース脱水素酵素、1% グルコース、0.1mg/ml カタラーゼ及び1mM NADPHを含む100mM Tris−HCl(pH7.4)−1mM EDTA緩衝液中の10μM 1α,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンD3に、30℃、30分間作用させた場合の1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンD3への変換率は0.1%以上である活性(以下、この活性を「ビタミンD水酸化活性」とよぶ)を有する。ビタミンD水酸化酵素は、ビタミンD水酸化活性を有する限り、改変アミノ酸配列そのものであってもよく、または改変アミノ酸配列を一部として含むものであってもよい。
ビタミンD水酸化酵素は、特に制限されるものではなく、物理化学的に合成してもよいし、改変アミノ酸配列をコードする核酸に基づいて生物学的に作製してもよいし、通常知られる手段を用いた各種スクリーニング法により取得してもよい。ビタミンD水酸化酵素は、その取得を容易にするなどのために、ヒスタグ(His-tag)やシグナルペプチド等をN末端側又はC末端側に適宜付加することができる。ビタミンD水酸化酵素の取得方法の一つの態様として、改変アミノ酸配列をコードする核酸に基づいて生物学的にビタミンD水酸化酵素を作製する方法について説明する。
ビタミンD水酸化酵素は、下記式の通りに、ビタミンD3から1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンD3へ水酸化する触媒作用を有する。
ビタミンD、ビタミンD水酸化体又はビタミンD及びビタミンD水酸化体を含む基質溶液に、粗酵素又は精製酵素としてのビタミンD水酸化酵素を作用させて、1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンDを主成分として含む1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンD分離物を得ることにより、1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンDを製造することができる。
上記形質転換体を常法にしたがって適当な培地に接種し、NADPHなどの還元型補酵素を加えることなく、ビタミンD及び/又はビタミンD水酸化体の存在下、好ましくはビタミンD及び/又はビタミンD水酸化体並びに包摂化合物の存在下、より好ましくはビタミンD及び/又はビタミンD水酸化体、包摂化合物並びにビタミンD水酸化酵素の発現を誘導する薬剤の存在下で培養することにより、1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンDを製造することができる。微生物変換による1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンDの製造方法は、以下の特徴がある:NADPHを加えなくてもよい、ビタミンD水酸化反応と同時に触媒である菌体を増殖することができる(生菌体法)、増殖した菌体に対して精製などの処理を施さなくてもよい、菌体の保存が容易であることから菌体を繰り返し反応に使用できる、反応時間を100時間以上とることができる、通常用いられる培地を利用することにより安価に工業的規模で大量生産ができる。
野生型CYP105A1を大腸菌内で発現させるためのプラスミドは非特許文献12及び13に記載した方法にしたがって構築した。変異体をコードする遺伝子は変異体作成キットQuick ChangeTM(ストラタジェン社)を使用し、それぞれの変異体に応じてプライマーDNA(20mer程度)を用いた。プライマーの塩基配列を配列表の配列番号7〜24に示した(表1を参照)。構築したプラスミドを大腸菌JM109株に導入した。発現系におけるベクターと大腸菌宿主については特に限定されるものではない。
それぞれの変異体を発現する組換え大腸菌は50μg/mlアンピシリンを含むTB培地(Sugimoto, H.et al., (2008), Biochemistry 47, 4017-4027)において37℃で培養し、菌体濃度(O.D.660nm)が0.5に達した時点でイソプロピル−チオーβ−D−ガラクトピラノシドを終濃度1mMになるまで、及びδ−アミノレブリン酸を終濃度0.5mMになるまで添加した。その後、40〜50時間25℃で培養し、遠心分離により菌体を回収し、超音波破砕装置を用いて菌体を破砕し、遠心分離により細胞質画分を調製した。
野生型および変異体の定量は吸収スペクトルを測定し417nmにおける吸光度を求め、モル分子吸光係数110mM-1cm-1を用いて算出した。変異体の種類により発現量に違いが見られたが、培養液1Lあたりの発現量は1〜5μmolであった。
変異体R73V/R84Aを放線菌内で発現させ、組換え菌体を用いてビタミンD水酸化体を製造することを試みた。CYP105A1遺伝子の下流にはフェレドキシン(FDX1)遺伝子を含んでいるが、フェレドキシン還元酵素遺伝子を含んでいないため、既存の放線菌内発現ベクターpIJ6021のクローニング部位にStreptomyces coelicolor A3株由来のFDR1遺伝子を挿入し、その上流にR73V/R84A+FDX1遺伝子を連結することを試みた。
1% soluble starch、0.5% glucose、0.3% NZ−case、0.2% Difco yeast extract、0.5% Difco Bacto−peptone、0.1% KH2PO4、0.05% MgSO4・7H2O、0.3% CaCO3よりなる培地(滅菌前pH 7.0)を10mLずつ100mL容の試験管に分注し、121℃、20分間滅菌した。この培地にBennett’s寒天培地(0.1% Difco yeast extract、0.1% Meat extract、0.2% NZ−amine、1% maltose、2% agar)に生育させた形質転換体をかき取って接種し、30℃で2日間振盪培養し、種培養液とした。本培養は3種類の培地のいずれかを用いて行なった:(1)種培養液と同様の組成の培地;(2)1.5% glucose、1.5% Difco bacto Soytone、0.5% Corn steep liquor、0.5% NaCl、0.2% CaCO3よりなる培地(滅菌前のpH 7.0);(3)YEME培地(0.3% Difco yeast extract、0.5% Difco Bacto−peptone、0.3% oxoid malt extract、1% glucose、34% sucrose、5mM MgCl2・6H2O。これらの培地をK型フラスコ(500mL容)に100mLずつ分注し、121℃で20分間滅菌し、種培養液をそれぞれ1%接種し、30℃、200回転/分で培養した。
変異体R73V/R84A+FDX1+FDR1遺伝子をpIJ6021ベクターに連結し、放線菌Streptomyces lividans TK23株に組込んだ形質転換体を前記(2)の培地を用いて24時間培養した後、100ml培養液中にチオストレプトンを1mg添加し、さらに24時間培養を続けた後、0.2g/mLの2−ヒドロキシプロピル−β−シクロデキストリン水溶液を1ml添加し、また、4mg/mLのビタミンD3エタノール溶液を0.5ml添加し、96時間培養を続けた。次に、培養液に2倍容のクロロホルム:メタノール=3:1を添加し、激しく攪拌した後、クロロホルム層を回収し、減圧乾固し、アセトニトリルに溶解した。培養24時間後の代謝物をHPLC分析(条件:カラム:YMC社製 YMC−Pack ODS−AM (内径4.6mm×長さ300mm);検出波長:265nm;流速:1.0ml/min;カラム温度:40℃、溶出条件:水/アセトニトリル系;70−100% アセトニトリル直線濃度勾配(15分間)の後、100%アセトニトリル(25分間))した結果を図1に示す。RT5.7min付近に見られたピークを代謝物M3由来のピークとした。
代謝物M3の構造を決定するために、LC−MS分析とNMR分析を行った。LC−MSについてはFinnigan LCQ ADVANTAGE MIX (ThermoFisher SCIENTIFIC,Waltham,MA,USA)を用い、APCI法、positive modeで行った。LC条件は以下のとおりである。カラム;ODS(2mm×150mm,Develosil ODS−HG−3,Nomura Chemical Co.Ltd.,Aichi,Japan);移動相,アセトニトリル:メタノール:水=3:4:3;流速,0.2mL/min;UV検出,265nm.
活性は100mM Tris−HCl(pH7.4)、1mM EDTA緩衝液中で、以下のものを含む再構成系を用いて1α,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンD3に対する活性を測定した。基質:1α,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンD3(終濃度0.5〜10μM);0.2μM シトクロムP450(CYP105変異体を含む組み換え大腸菌細胞質画分);0.1mg/ml ホウレン草由来フェレドキシン(Fdx)、0.1U/ml ホウレン草由来フェレドキシン還元酵素(Fdr)、1U/ml グルコース脱水素酵素;1% グルコース;0.1mg/ml カタラーゼ。
Claims (12)
- ビタミンD及びビタミンD水酸化体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含む基質溶液に、下記(a)〜(b)のいずれか1種のアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ下記(d)の活性を有するビタミンD水酸化酵素を作用させて、1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンDを主成分として含む1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンD分離物を得ることを特徴とする、1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンDの製造方法。
(a)配列表の配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列において、
73位のアルギニンがアラニン、バリン又はロイシンに、及び84位のアルギニンがアラニン、バリン、ロイシン、フェニルアラニン、又はグルタミンに置換された、改変アミノ酸配列
(b)前記改変アミノ酸配列において、前記73位のアルギニン及び84位のアルギニンの置換の他さらに、1から9個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、逆位、付加及び挿入からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の修飾を有するアミノ酸配列
(d)0.2μM ビタミンD水酸化酵素を、0.1mg/ml フェレドキシン、0.1U/ml フェレドキシン還元酵素、1U/ml グルコース脱水素酵素、1% グルコース、0.1mg/ml カタラーゼ及び1mM NADPHを含む100mM Tris−HCl(pH7.4)−1mM EDTA緩衝液中の10μM 1,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンD3に、30℃、30分間作用させた場合の1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンD3への変換率は0.1%以上である - 前記1α,25,26−トリヒドロキシビタミンD分離物が、クロロホルム−メタノール混合液に溶解された後、下記条件のHPLCに供して、リテンションタイム5.5〜5.9分の溶出分画に含まれる化合物として得られる、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
カラム:ODSカラム;
検出波長:265nm;
流速:1.0ml/min;
カラム温度:40℃;
溶出条件:70%(v/v)アセトニトリル水溶液からアセトニトリルまでのアセトニトリル直線濃度勾配(15分間) - 前記ビタミンD水酸化酵素が、形質転換体内で発現するビタミンD水酸化酵素である、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記形質転換体の宿主が、大腸菌又は放線菌である、請求項3に記載の製造方法。
- 前記基質溶液が、電子供与体及び該電子供与体を還元するための酵素をさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記電子供与体及び前記電子供与体を還元するための酵素が、それぞれ、フェレドキシン及びフェレドキシン還元酵素、又はプチダレドキシン及びプチダレドキシン還元酵素である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記改変アミノ酸配列が、
73位のアルギニンがアラニン又はバリンに、及び84位のアルギニンがアラニン、バリン、又はフェニルアラニンに置換された配列である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 - 前記ビタミンDがビタミンD2又はビタミンD3であり、かつ前記ビタミンD水酸化体がビタミンD2水酸化体又はビタミンD3水酸化体である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ビタミンD水酸化体が、1α,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンDである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ビタミンD水酸化体が、1α,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンD3である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記基質溶液が、包摂化合物をさらに含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記包摂化合物が、シクロデキストリン、ゼオライト、フラーレン、クラウンエーテル又はカリックスアレーンである、請求項11に記載の製造方法。
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