JP5502069B2 - 薄膜太陽電池セルを製造するための装置および方法 - Google Patents
薄膜太陽電池セルを製造するための装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5502069B2 JP5502069B2 JP2011505185A JP2011505185A JP5502069B2 JP 5502069 B2 JP5502069 B2 JP 5502069B2 JP 2011505185 A JP2011505185 A JP 2011505185A JP 2011505185 A JP2011505185 A JP 2011505185A JP 5502069 B2 JP5502069 B2 JP 5502069B2
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0749—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type including a AIBIIICVI compound, e.g. CdS/CulnSe2 [CIS] heterojunction solar cells
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Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条ならびに適用外国法および国際法に基づき、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれている、2008年4月15日に出願した特許文献1および2008年4月15日に出願した特許文献2の優先権を主張する。
フレキシブルな薄膜PVセルの製造は、ロールツーロール法によって行うことができる。硬質基板と比較すると、薄いフレキシブル基板のロールツーロール加工では、比較的コンパクトで安価な真空システムを使用することができ、また他の薄膜業界向けにすでに開発されている専用でないいくつかの機器を利用できる。フレキシブル基板材料は、本質的に、ガラスに比べて熱容量が低いため、温度を上げるのに必要なエネルギー量が少なくてすむ。これらは、急速な加熱および冷却に、また大きな温度勾配に対して比較的高い耐性も呈示し、その結果、加工中の破砕もしくは故障が発生する可能性は低い。それに加えて、活性のあるPV材料がフレキシブル基板材料上に蒸着された後、その結果得られる未積層のセルまたはセルのストリングを別の設備へと輸送し、そこで、積層および/または組み立てを行ってフレキシブルな、または硬質の太陽電池モジュールを形成することができる。この戦略的オプションは、輸送コストを低減するだけでなく(ガラスに対して軽量フレキシブルな基板)、世界中でPVモジュールの仕上げおよび販売を行うためにパートナービジネスを確立することができる。本明細書で開示されている方法および装置とともに使用するのに適しているタイプの薄膜PVセルの構成および製造に関係する追加の詳細は、例えば、Wendtらの特許文献3、特許文献4、および特許文献5、ならびに2008年1月31日に出願した特許文献10に見ることができる。これらの参考文献は全体が、すべての目的に関して参照により本開示に組み込まれる。
この節では、基板ウェブ上に薄膜吸収層を形成することに関するさまざまな一般的な考慮事項について説明する。吸収層は、典型的には、二セレン化銅インジウムガリウム(CIGS)の形態のp型半導体であるか、または容易に受け入れ可能なその対をなす片割れである二セレン化銅インジウム(CIS)である。二硫化銅インジウムまたは二セレン化銅インジウムアルミニウムなどの他の材料も使用することができる。これらの異なる組成物は、とりわけ、最終製品における望ましい特定の特性にもよるが、本発明の教示のさまざまな実施形態の吸収層として本質的に交換して使用することができる。便宜上、また特に、本開示の残り部分では、ときどき、吸収層をCIGS層と称することもある。しかし、本発明の教示の一部または全部も、他のさまざまな好適な吸収層組成物に適用することができることは理解されるであろう。
この節は、特定の例示的なマルチゾーン蒸着プロセスにおいて薄膜p型半導体層を基板上に蒸着するためのシステムおよび方法に関係する。すでに説明され、図2に概略が示されているように、半導体層は、一般的に、層のさまざまな成分を個別に、および/または重なり合う組み合わせで施すことによって順次蒸着することができる。図3は、そのような順次蒸着プロセスを実行するための装置のより詳しい概略側面図である。図3が示しているように、蒸着は7ゾーン手順で実行することができ、これら7つのゾーンのうちの6つのゾーンが、半導体層の一部分を蒸着するために使用され、7番目の中間ゾーンは、すでに蒸着されている層の1つまたは複数の特性を監視するために使用される。図3に示され、本明細書において説明されている7ゾーン手順は、例示的なものであり、有効なp型半導体層は7つよりも多いか、または少ないゾーンを有する類似の手順で蒸着することもできることは理解されるであろう。
この節では、p型半導体蒸着プロセスにおいて基板ウェブ上に蒸着される蒸気噴流を放出する噴散口の温度を制御するための方法および装置について説明する。
10 セル
12 上面
14 底面
16 リーディングエッジ
18 トレーリングエッジ
24 チャンバー
25 矢印
60 繰り出しロール
68 下流の巻き取りロール
70、72、74、76、78、79、81 構造
100 チャンバー
101 個別の中身の詰まったエンクロージャ
101a 開口
102 基板ウェブ
103 基板加熱器
104 繰り出しロール
106 巻き取りロール
110 第1のゾーン
110、112、126、128、132、134、136 ゾーン
112 第2のゾーン
114 ガリウム源
114a、114b ガリウム源
116 インジウム源
118 セレン源
120 本体部
122 蓋
124 噴散口
126 第3のゾーン
128 第4のゾーン
132 第5のゾーン
134 第6のゾーン
136 第7のゾーン
130 監視ステーション
130a、130b センサー
131 コンピュータ
140 監視ステーション
150 手順
152 第1のステップ
154 第2のステップ
156 第3のステップ
158 監視ステップ
160 コントローラ
162、164、166 ステップ
200 移送誘導構造
202 繰り出しロール
204 基板ウェブ
206 巻き取りロール
208 移送ローラー
210 一対の電気接点
212 ギャップ
300 加熱噴散源
302 本体部
303 絶縁層
304 蓋
306 噴散口
303a グラファイト薄箔層
308 加熱素子
308a 基部高さ部分
308b 口高さ部分
314 リップ部
Claims (15)
- 基板上に蒸着される物質を収容するための収容器を形成する、それぞれが前記収容器からの熱損失を制限するための絶縁材料を有する底壁および側壁と、
前記収容器を覆うように構成され、加熱素子を有する蓋とを備え、
前記加熱素子が該加熱素子の一方側上の中央に位置する一対の接点の間に導電性経路を有し、
前記導電性経路が、第1ループ状部及び第2ループ状部を含み、
前記第1ループ状部及び前記第2ループ状部のそれぞれは、ノズルを形成し、
ノズルそれぞれは、絶縁によって隔てられた前記加熱素子の2つの導電性部分によって形成された内側の壁を有する物理的気相成長のための容器。 - それぞれの加熱素子は、基部を有し、それぞれのノズルは前記基部から上方へ2mmから15mmの範囲の距離だけ突き出る請求項1に記載の容器。
- それぞれの加熱素子は、基部を有し、それぞれのノズルは前記基部から上方へ突き出ており、前記蓋に被さる箔カバーを保持するための外部リップ部を有する請求項1に記載の容器。
- 前記容器内に収容される材料を蒸発させるために前記容器に供給される熱のすべてが、前記蓋内の加熱素子によって供給される請求項1に記載の容器。
- 基板上に蒸着される物質を収容するための収容器を形成する、それぞれが前記収容器からの熱損失を制限するための絶縁材料を有する底壁および側壁と、
前記収容器を覆うように構成され、一対の電気接点の間に回路を形成する加熱素子を有し、前記2つの電気接点から等距離にある1つの点が前記2つの電気接点の間に画定され、前記加熱素子は前記点から等距離のところに相隔てて並ぶ2つの噴散口を形成する蓋とを備え、
前記2つの噴散口のそれぞれは、誘電体材料によって隔てられた前記回路の隔てられた導電性部分によって形成された内側の壁を有する、物理的気相成長のための噴散装置。 - それぞれの噴散口は、前記加熱素子の2つの補完的なC字型部分によって形成され、前記C字型部分は互いから電気的に絶縁される請求項5に記載の噴散装置。
- 前記収容器は、2つの長い側壁と2つの短い側壁によって画定される矩形を有し、前記電気接点は前記長い側壁のうちの一方にそって中央にある前記蓋に隣接する位置に配置される請求項5に記載の噴散装置。
- 前記収容器および蓋は、第1の容器を形成し、
前記第1の容器と同じように構成された第2の容器をさらに備え、前記第1の容器および前記第2の容器は4つの噴散口からなる組み合わされた直線的配列を形成するように互いに相隔てて並ぶ請求項5に記載の噴散装置。 - 4つの噴散口の前記配列は、第1のノズル、第2のノズル、第3のノズル、および第4のノズルを備え、前記第1のノズルと前記第2のノズルとの間の第1の距離は前記第3のノズルと前記第4のノズルとの間の第2の距離に等しく、前記第2のノズルと前記第3のノズルとの間の第3の距離は前記第1の距離よりも大きい請求項8に記載の噴散装置。
- 基板上に蒸着される物質を収容するための収容器を形成する、それぞれが前記収容器からの熱損失を制限するための絶縁材料を有する底壁および側壁と、
前記収容器を覆うように構成され、一対の噴散ノズルを形成する加熱器構成を有する蓋であって、それぞれのノズルが前記加熱器構成における加熱素子の導電性の個別のループ状部分によって形成された内側の壁を有し、ノズルそれぞれは、絶縁によって隔てられた前記加熱素子の2つの導電性部分によって形成された内側の壁を有する、蓋とを備え、
前記加熱素子は絶縁によって部分的に隔てられた二つの平行な細長い側部と、
前記側部の一つに沿って中央に位置する一対の電気的接触点と、を有する、物理的気相成長のための噴散装置。 - それぞれのノズルに対する前記ループ状部分は、同じ加熱素子内に形成される請求項10に記載の噴散装置。
- 基板上に蒸着される物質を収容するための収容器を形成する、それぞれが前記収容器からの熱損失を制限するための絶縁材料を有する底壁および側壁と、
前記収容器を覆うように構成される蓋であって、前記蓋は前記蓋の主平面から上に延在する1つまたは複数のノズルを形成する加熱素子を有し、前記ノズルは前記収容器から蒸発金属を前記収容器の上の基板上に噴散するように構成されている、蓋とを備え、
前記ノズルのそれぞれは、誘電体材料によって隔てられた導電性の湾曲した加熱素子部によって形成された内側の壁を有する、物理的気相成長のための噴散装置。 - 前記加熱素子は、2つのノズルを形成する請求項12に記載の噴散装置。
- それぞれのノズルは、前記加熱素子のループ状部分によって形成される請求項12に記載の噴散装置。
- それぞれのノズルは、誘電体材料によって隔てられた湾曲した加熱素子部分によって形成される請求項12に記載の噴散装置。
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US7968353B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 |
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US20150184279A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
JP2014111847A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
JP5908513B2 (ja) | 2016-04-26 |
US8980008B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
US8202368B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 |
US20090258476A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
EP2291855A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
WO2009146187A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |