JP5484180B2 - 圧電特性を有する化合物、圧電素子及びそれを用いた液体吐出ヘッドと超音波モーター - Google Patents
圧電特性を有する化合物、圧電素子及びそれを用いた液体吐出ヘッドと超音波モーター Download PDFInfo
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- JP5484180B2 JP5484180B2 JP2010104296A JP2010104296A JP5484180B2 JP 5484180 B2 JP5484180 B2 JP 5484180B2 JP 2010104296 A JP2010104296 A JP 2010104296A JP 2010104296 A JP2010104296 A JP 2010104296A JP 5484180 B2 JP5484180 B2 JP 5484180B2
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- piezoelectric
- tungsten bronze
- bronze structure
- piezoelectric material
- sintered body
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Description
(BはNbまたはTaまたはその組み合わせの元素である。CはNaまたはKまたはその組み合わせの元素である。x+y+z=1であり、xは0.2≦x≦0.85、yは0.01≦y≦0.5、zは0<z≦0.8の数値を表す。)
一般式(1)
x(BaB 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6)−y(CaB 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6)−z{(Bi1/2C1/2)B 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6}
x(BaB 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6)−y(CaB 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6)−z{(Bi1/2C1/2)B 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6} 式中、BはNbとTaのうちの少なくとも1種の元素である。CはNaとKのうちの少なくとも1種の元素である。x+y+z=1であり、xは0.2≦x≦0.85、yは0.01≦y≦0.5、zは0<z≦0.8の数値を表す。
z>0、すなわち(Bi1/2C1/2)B2O6成分が含まれている方が、Biの6s軌道孤立電子対に起因した結晶歪が導入され、圧電特性が向上する。さらにはBiの導入により、自発分極軸方向をc軸方向から傾けることができる。Biの6s軌道孤立電子対が、それぞれ周囲のイオンと反発し、NbO6やTaO6酸素八面体を大きく歪ませた結果、a−b面内に自発分極が発現したと考えられる。Bi以外に不活性電子対効果を有する元素には、Sn、Tlが挙げられるが、この中で酸化状態の安定性や毒性の観点から、Biを使用する事が最も好ましい。
x(BaNb2O6)−y(CaNb2O6)−z{(Bi1/2Na1/2)Nb2O6}焼結体の構成相を図3にまとめる。図中の●は、得られた焼結体の構成相が、タングステンブロンズ構造のみ(もしくはほぼすべて)の単相であることを示す。図中の△(塗りつぶし)は、得られた焼結体に構成相が複数有るが、それら構成相の中ではタングステンブロンズ構造が主相であることを示す。■は得られた焼結体の構成相として、タングステンブロンズ構造がほとんど確認できないことを示す。
xは0.2≦x≦0.85、yは0≦y≦0.5、zは0<z≦0.8の範囲でタングステンブロンズ構造が主相である焼結体が得られた。さらに、xは0.2≦x≦0.85、yは0≦y≦0.5、zは0<z≦0.8であり、かつ(x y z)が下記ABCDEFGHで囲まれる組成範囲では、タングステンブロンズ構造が単相となることを確認した。
( x y z )
A(0.85 0.00 0.15)
B(0.80 0.15 0.05)
C(0.70 0.25 0.05)
D(0.60 0.30 0.10)
E(0.50 0.30 0.20)
F(0.50 0.20 0.30)
G(0.20 0.20 0.60)
H(0.20 0.00 0.80)
(0.75−y)(BaNb2O6)−y(CaNb2O6)−0.25{(Bi1/2Na1/2)Nb2O6}焼結体の組成と抵抗率の関係を図4に示す。横軸はyであり、CaNb2O6量が増加することによって材料の絶縁抵抗が向上することがわかる。
x(BaNb2O6)−y(CaNb2O6)−z{(Bi1/2Na1/2)Nb2O6}焼結体の機械品質係数(Qm)を評価したところ、圧電特性が良好な領域で、300以上の値を確認した。
0.80(BaNb2O6)−0.00(CaNb2O6)−0.2{(Bi1/2Na1/2)Nb2O6}および0.75(BaNb2O6)−0.00(CaNb2O6)−0.25{(Bi1/2Na1/2)Nb2O6}焼結体の、室温で測定された分極−電界ヒステリシスループを図5(a)から図5(d)に示す。(001)優先配向試料(図5(a)、図5(c))は明瞭なヒステリシスループを示した。しかし(hk0)優先配向試料(図5(b)、図5(d))は分極が電界に対してほぼ線形であった。(hk0)優先配向試料に対して、(001)優先配向試料と同程度の電界を印加しても、明確な分極履歴は観察されなかった。(001)優先配向試料と(hk0)優先配向試料の間に確認されたこの分極特性の異方性は、自発分極軸方向と印加電界方向の関係に大きく依存している。(001)優先配向試料では、自発分極軸方向が印加電界に対して平行であるために、外部電界で自発分極を反転することができた。これに対して、(hk0)優先配向試料では、自発分極軸方向が印加電界に対して垂直であるために、外部電界で自発分極が反転できなかったと考えられる。以上から図5(a)から図5(d)に示された試料では、自発分極軸方向はc軸に平行であることがわかる。
x(BaNb2O6)−y(CaNb2O6)−z{(Bi1/2K1/2)Nb2O6}焼結体の構成相を図6にまとめる。図中の●、△(塗りつぶし)、■は図3における定義と同じである。以上のことから、xは0.2≦x≦0.85、yは0≦y≦0.5、zは0<z≦0.8の範囲でタングステンブロンズ構造が主相である焼結体が得られた。さらに、xは0.2≦x≦0.85、yは0≦y≦0.5、zは0<z≦0.8の範囲で(x y z)が下記A’B’C’D’E’F’G’H’I’で囲まれる組成範囲では、タングステンブロンズ構造が単相となることを確認した。
( x y z )
A’(0.80 0.00 0.20)
B’(0.80 0.10 0.10)
C’(0.90 0.10 0.00)
D’(0.50 0.50 0.00)
E’(0.60 0.30 0.10)
F’(0.50 0.30 0.20)
G’(0.50 0.20 0.30)
H’(0.30 0.20 0.50)
I’(0.20 0.00 0.80)
Claims (8)
- 一般式(1)で表される鉛を含有しないタングステンブロンズ構造酸化物が単相または主相である焼結体。
(BはNbまたはTaまたはその組み合わせの元素である。CはNaまたはKまたはその組み合わせの元素である。x+y+z=1であり、xは0.2≦x≦0.85、yは0.01≦y≦0.5、zは0<z≦0.8の数値を表す。)
一般式(1)
x(BaB 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6)−y(CaB 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6)−z{(Bi1/2C1/2)B 1/0.45〜1/0.6 O6} - 一般式(1)において元素BがNbであり、CがNaであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の焼結体。
- 一般式(1)において、(x y z)が下記の点で囲まれる組成範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の焼結体。
( x y z )
(0.80 0.05 0.15)
(0.80 0.15 0.05)
(0.70 0.25 0.05)
(0.60 0.30 0.10)
(0.50 0.30 0.20)
(0.50 0.20 0.30)
(0.20 0.20 0.60)
(0.30 0.10 0.60) - キュリー温度が100℃以上である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の焼結体。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項記載の焼結体からなる圧電材料。
- 請求項5記載の圧電材料と、第一の電極、及び第二の電極を有することを特徴とする圧電素子。
- 請求項6記載の圧電素子を用いた液体吐出ヘッド。
- 請求項6記載の圧電素子を用いた超音波モーター。
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