JP5479732B2 - 透明セラミック複合材料 - Google Patents
透明セラミック複合材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5479732B2 JP5479732B2 JP2008515999A JP2008515999A JP5479732B2 JP 5479732 B2 JP5479732 B2 JP 5479732B2 JP 2008515999 A JP2008515999 A JP 2008515999A JP 2008515999 A JP2008515999 A JP 2008515999A JP 5479732 B2 JP5479732 B2 JP 5479732B2
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- Prior art keywords
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- sheet
- armor
- ceramic
- composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 138
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title description 87
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100031831 Adipogenesis regulatory factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000775473 Homo sapiens Adipogenesis regulatory factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 49
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
- B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
- B32B17/10825—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
- B32B17/10834—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid
- B32B17/10844—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid using a membrane between the layered product and the fluid
- B32B17/10853—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid using a membrane between the layered product and the fluid the membrane being bag-shaped
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Description
“面密度”とは材料の表面積単位当たりの質量である。
“複合材料”とは2つ以上の別個の材料を接着させることによって作成された製品である。複数の材料が同一の又は異なる組成であり得る。
“壊れやすい”材料とは十分な推進力をもつ発射体に衝突されたときに粉々になることを意図しているものである。壊れにくい材料と衝突後にその構造を保持することを意図している。
“スピネル”は当技術分野で周知のように用いられそしてスピネル結晶構造を有するセラミック材料、例えばMgAl2O4を示す。
“半透明の”材料は、当業者に周知でありそして光の透過を可能とするがその材料を通して見る対象物の鮮明な画像を与えない。
“V50”は、防護具の評価を示しそしてある防護具が50%の確立で貫通される個別の発射体の速度を記述する。発射体は衝突点における防護具の面に対して実質的に垂直な角度で防護具に激突する。それ故、銃口径30のAP弾丸に対する2770fps(844m/s)のV50を有する防護具は、その速度で受ける命中の約50%で貫通される。
ガラスシートが用いられるとき、異なる態様は異なる種類のガラスが必要であるかもしれない。例えば、種々の種類のガラスは異なる強度又は光学的特性を与え得る。用いられ得るガラスの種類は、低鉄ガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス、“無色透明”ガラス、“超白”ガラス、ダイヤモンドガラス(無色透明低鉄)およびRCダイヤモンドガラス(化学的強化)を含む。
いくつかの態様において、大きい表面積の単一のセラミックシートの使用は、例えば、衝撃力を効果的に分散させそして同様に改良された視界を提供することにより、改良された防護具をもたらし得る。大きい面積のシート、例えば、30、40、50、60又は70cmより大きい長さを有するシートが“エッジ確定膜供給成長”法を用いて製作され得る。前記の製造法は2004年4月8日に出願され、参照によってこの発明に組み入れられた“単結晶およびその製造法”という名称のロッヒャー等に共有される米国特許出願第10/820468号に記載されている。
いくつかのサファイア複合材料の試料を作製し、またそれらの透明防護具としての有効性を測定するために弾道試験によって評価した。結果は、この明細書に示されるように、セラミックをベースにした透明複合材料が単一銃弾および複数の銃弾を含む様々な発射体の貫通を防ぐのに効果的であり得ることを示す。さらに、この水準の防護は従来のガラス型防護具のそれよりも低い面密度および厚さで得ることが可能である。
11個の異なる発射体試験が2つの異なる複合材料積層体に実施された。各積層体は150mmの長さと150mmの幅を有していた。これらの試験積層体のサファイアシートは特に明記しない限り、エッジ確定膜供給成長技法によって作製される。
複合材料Aには、5層の複合材料積層体を作製するために、物理的な順番で、6.35mmのサファイアシート、0.76mmのPVBシート、8mmのガラスシート、3mmのTPUシート、および3mmのポリカーボネートシートが含まれた。その結果得られた複合材料が表1(図2)に“6.35サファイア/.76PVB/8mmガラス/3mmTPU/3mmPC”として示される。面密度は52.12kg/m2であった。さらに、3つの試験(グループB)が以下の積層体を用いて行われた。
複合材料Cには、物理的な順番で、6.35mmのサファイアシート、0.76mmのPVBシート、12mmの“ダイヤモンドガラス(無色透明、低鉄ガラス)”シート、0.76mmのPVBシート、4mmのRCダイヤモンドガラス(化学的強化ガラス)シート、0.94mmFAEが含まれた。面密度は67.46kg/m2であった。
各サファイア複合材料の試料は150x150mm片の形状であり、単発弾(試料19の複数弾を除く)を用いて弾道試験した。複合材料の物理的特性および弾道結果を表1に示す。“貫通”欄の下の“有り”は、少なくとも結果として生じるスポーリングが最後のポリカーボネート層を通過した(最後のポリカーボネート層が貫通された)ことを意味する。“なし”の結果は、サファイア面およびガラスの部分的な貫通があったかもしれないこと、しかし発射体は複合材料を貫通しなかったこと、そしてスポーリングはポリカーボネート層によって封じ込められた(最後のポリカーボネート層は貫通されなかった)ことを意味する。
弾道試験に供された次の試験複合材料は、厚さ29.4mmおよび面密度72.78kg/m2で厚かった(複合材料B、試料識別番号第9−11、表1参照)。この複合材料は858m/sの速度で7.62x54R B32 API発射体(ドラゴノブ)を無効にした(部分貫通)。この発射体を無効にするためガラスのみで解決しようとすると50mm超の厚さと115kg/m2より大きい面密度となると信じられている。
試験番号13−14が約43.7mmの厚さおよび159.21kg/m2の面密度を有する複合材料Dで行われた。複合材料は917m/sで衝突する7.62x51 AP−WC発射体を成功裏に無効にした。
試験番号19が約41.85mmの厚さおよび107.97kg/m2の面密度を有する複合材料Fで行われた。他の試験とは異なり、複合材料は300mmx300mmであった。3発の銃弾(多重試験)が互いに120度のパネルの中心近くおよそ150mm離れた同じ複合材料試料(第19)に次々と発射された。複合材料は、約850m/sで衝突する7.62x63 APM2発射体を成功裏に無効にした。
上記で試験したサファイアベースの複合材料は、同等の水準の防御を与えることが可能なガラスベースの複合材料のそれに対して優れた光学的透明性を示した。光透過率およびヘイズが、透明プラスチックスのヘイズおよび光透過率の標準的な試験法のASTM D1003−00に従った方法を用いて測定された。透過率計が測定に用いられた。29.4mmの厚さ(複合材料B)でサファイア透明防護具系はヘイズが約1%のレベルで、85%より大きい透過率を示した。41.1mmの厚さまでさらにガラス層を加えることにより系の厚さを増加させると、ヘイズについて検出可能な変化がなくて約84%に透過率を減じる。比較のため、29.4サファイア透明防護具系と同じ弾道防御を有する典型的なガラス防護具は、約0.6%のヘイズで、73%の光透過率を示す。
この出願で引用された又は参照したすべての文献、特許および特許出願および出版物は参照によって全体としてこの明細書に組み込まれる。
110 単結晶サファイアシート
112 接着剤層
114 接着剤層
116 接着剤層
118 追加的な塗膜
120 追加的なサファイアシート
130 ガラスシート
140 ポリカーボネートシート
Claims (18)
- 単結晶サファイアシートとガラスシートとを含み、単結晶サファイアシートとガラスシートがポリマーからなる中間層によって接着されており、少なくとも740m/sの速度で飛んでくる口径が7.62mmの発射体の貫通を防止することが可能であり、52kg/m2以上200kg/m2未満の面密度を示し、75%より大きい光透過率を有する複合透明防護具。
- 835m/sの速度で飛んでくる7.62x51mm M80の発射体の貫通を防止することが可能であり、80kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項1に記載の防護具。
- 60kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項2に記載の防護具。
- 防護具が、40mm未満の平均厚さを有する請求項2に記載の防護具。
- 口径0.30のAP発射体に対して843m/sより大きいV50を有し且つ58.7kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項1に記載の防護具。
- 776m/sの速度で飛んでくる7.62x39mm API−BZの発射体の貫通を防止することが可能であり、150kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項1に記載の防護具。
- 60kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項6に記載の防護具。
- 40mm未満の平均厚さを有する請求項6に記載の防護具。
- 768m/sの速度で飛んでくる7.62x51mm AP(M61)の発射体の貫通を防止することが可能であり、150kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項1に記載の防護具。
- 60kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項9に記載の防護具。
- 50mm未満の平均厚さを有する請求項9に記載の防護具。
- 858m/sの速度で飛んでくる7.62x54mmR B32の発射体の貫通を防止することが可能であり、150kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項1に記載の防護具。
- 80kg/m2未満の面密度を示す請求項12に記載の防護具。
- 80mm未満の平均厚さを有する請求項12に記載の防護具。
- 850m/sの速度で飛んでくる7.62x63mm APM2の3連発の発射体の貫通を防止することが可能であり、80mm未満の平均厚さを有する請求項1に記載の防護具。
- 150kg/m2未満の面密度を有する請求項15に記載の防護具。
- 前記防護具が、80%より高い光透過率を有する請求項1、2、6、9、12および15のいずれか1項に記載の防護具。
- 請求項1、2、6、9、12および15のいずれか1項に記載の防護具を有する車両、航空機又は宇宙船。
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US10948152B2 (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2021-03-16 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Lighting systems of tailgates with plastic glazing |
US11267173B2 (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2022-03-08 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Molding of plastic glazing of tailgates |
US11458709B2 (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2022-10-04 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Three shot plastic tailgate |
US11845240B2 (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2023-12-19 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Three shot plastic tailgate |
US11466834B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2022-10-11 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Lighting systems for windows having plastic glazing |
US11766965B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2023-09-26 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Illuminated graphic in an automotive plastic glazing |
Also Published As
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CN101194141A (zh) | 2008-06-04 |
US8025004B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
US20100288117A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
US7793580B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
AU2006257867B2 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
BRPI0611917A2 (pt) | 2010-10-05 |
US7584689B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 |
AU2006257867A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
US20090308239A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
AU2010203090A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
US20070068376A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
EP1888996B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
US20120001027A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
IL187951A (en) | 2013-04-30 |
EP1888996A2 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
IL225341A0 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
RU2007145539A (ru) | 2009-07-20 |
EP2275772A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
EP2275771A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
MX2007015574A (es) | 2008-02-25 |
CN103256861A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
US20070068375A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
WO2006135832A2 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
RU2386099C2 (ru) | 2010-04-10 |
CN101194141B (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
AU2010203090B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
EP2275770A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
JP2008543706A (ja) | 2008-12-04 |
EP2287557A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
WO2006135832A3 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
US8297168B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
IL187951A0 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
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