JP5479093B2 - 酸素化物供給原料の接触水素化脱酸素 - Google Patents
酸素化物供給原料の接触水素化脱酸素 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5479093B2 JP5479093B2 JP2009513689A JP2009513689A JP5479093B2 JP 5479093 B2 JP5479093 B2 JP 5479093B2 JP 2009513689 A JP2009513689 A JP 2009513689A JP 2009513689 A JP2009513689 A JP 2009513689A JP 5479093 B2 JP5479093 B2 JP 5479093B2
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- catalyst composition
- catalyst
- oxygenate feedstock
- range
- hydrodeoxygenation
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/883—Molybdenum and nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/20—Sulfiding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/12—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation
- C11C3/123—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation using catalysts based principally on nickel or derivates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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Description
てはいるが、「新しい」触媒と同じ効率を達成することはできない。再生を行った結果、触媒の細孔の中または触媒粒子の間の隙間に酸素分子が捕捉され、水素化脱酸素中これらの酸素分子は多孔性材料の活性および選択性を減少させる可能性がある。特許文献2のような文献にはこの捕捉された酸素を除去する方法が記載されているが、余分な工程段階を含ませると複雑さがさらに増加し、水素化脱酸素工程の全体としてのエネルギー要求量が増大する。
物の好適な金属含量は5〜20重量%の範囲である。水素化脱酸素の機能を行うためには、このような低い装荷量でも触媒活性が犠牲になることはない。本発明に使用される触媒組成物は、硫黄含量が2mg/Kgより少なく且つ窒素含量が10mg/Kgより少ないことを特徴とする菜種油の供給原料を用い、温度約300℃、水素分圧50バール、H2/油の比1000nL/L、時間基準液空間速度約5hr−1、供給サイクル比約5の水素化脱酸素条件下を使用した場合、酸素化物供給原料と比較して反応生成物の中に残る酸素の割合(fraction)を1から差引いた値として定義される水素化脱酸素活性が、単位g数の該活性金属成分に関し毎時酸素12g(gO/gM/hr)より大きい値をもつことができる。
本明細書において使用される「金属」という言葉は、(a)実質的にアルミナから成る巨視的構造体の内部表面または該巨視的構造体の外部表面或いはその両方に存在し、(b)該巨視的構造体の触媒特性に影響を与えるか、外部巨視的構造体の粒子の吸着特性に影響を与えるか、或いはその両方に影響する金属を意味するものとする。この「金属」という言葉には多孔性の無機材料を構成している金属は含まれない。例えば結晶性の微小多孔性のモレキュラー・シーブの場合、「金属」という言葉には結晶性のモレキュラー・シーブの骨格の中の金属は含まれない。
法は当業界の専門家には公知である。このような方法の例はG.Ertl,H.Knozinger,およびJ.WeitkampによるHandbook of Heterogeneous Catalyst(1997年)に記載されている。
触媒組成物
水素化脱酸素用の触媒に使用されるアルミナ担体は、該アルミナの比表面積、細孔の容積および細孔の大きさの分布を適切に制御し得る公知方法を用いて製造することができる。適当な方法は下記文献に記載されている:特許出願公開番号71456/1971号および同26512/1986号(この場合アルミナはアルミニウム塩を加水分解してつくられた疑ベーマイトから得られる);特許出願公開番号166220/1985号、同24824/1993号、同24824/1993号、同10535/1995号、および米国特許第2,915,475号、この場合アルミナ源は様々であり、水性アルミナ・ゾル、アルミニウム塩の加水分解により得られるゲル、金属アルミニウムまたはアルミニウムアルコキシドである。さらに米国特許願第2003/044348号には、水および酸含有水酸化アルミニウムの存在下において混合して特定のアルミナ組成物をつくる方法が記載されており、ここで酸含有アルミナは一塩基酸またはその塩、バイエライトおよびγ−アルミナの存在下において活性アルミナを処理することにより得られる。次いでこの混合物に対し水熱合成、中和、水熱処理、乾燥、カ焼などによりゾル生成反応を行わせる。米国特許願第2005079126号(Le Loarer等)には、アルミニウムのオキシ水酸化物または水酸化物を脱水し、このようにして得られるアルミナを凝集させ、次いでこれらの凝集物を水熱処理するかカ焼することにより凝集したアルミナ担体材料を製造する方法が記載されている。これらの文献はすべて引用により本明細書に包含される。
タはまた、触媒の密度および破断強度、従って塊にして反応器に装入された場合の触媒の寿命;或る与えられた期間に亙り触媒上に汚染物質の沈着物が沈澱する程度;および触媒活性を決める表面積対細孔容積の比を決定する。
生物由来のトリグリセリドは魚油、獣油および植物油から適切に得ることができる。トリグリセリド(これは単独または組み合わせて使用することができる)の特に有用な原料には、ココナツ油、パーム油、パーム核油、サフラワー油、ゴマ油、大豆油、菜種油、トウモロコシ油、カラシ油、ヒマワリ油、イエロー・グリース(yellow grease)、トラップ・グリース(trap grease)、ラード、食用獣脂、非食用獣脂およびこれらの混合物が含まれる。これらの中で最も好適な原料は菜種油である。
酸素化物を含む供給原料は、もし使用するならば希釈剤と、別々に或いは組み合わせて導入され、該供給原料に対し水素化脱酸素処理を行うのに効果的な工程条件において触媒組成物と接触させる。このような接触が起こる容積(volume)をここでは「反応器」と呼ぶが、これは「反応装置」または「反応系」または「反応器系」の一部である。「反応器の入口」は酸素化物含有供給原料の全部または一部が触媒組成物と出会う反応器の中において最高の全圧を示す点を指すものとする。
(循環される生成物の速度+供給速度)/(新しく供給される速度)
として定義される循環比が1〜10の範囲に入ることが好ましい。
触媒の表面上または内部に生成するので、典型的には少なくともコークスの沈着物の一部分を焼いて除去することにより触媒を再生する。このような再生は、反応器の内部の触媒全体の活性のレベルを維持することが必要になった時にまたそのような条件で行われる。これを達成する方法は特に、Michel Louge著、「Experimental
Techniques」、Circulating Fluidized Beds、Grace,Avidan,& Knowlton編、Blackie,1997年発行(336〜337頁)に記載されている。この文献は引用により本明細書に包含される。
本発明に使用された触媒組成物の活性は予想外に高く、遥かに多量に金属を装荷した触媒の活性と同等であることを示すために、特殊な「試験条件」において触媒活性を測定することができる。これらの条件は触媒組成物が典型的に使用される水素化脱酸素条件の一部をなすものである。
Claims (15)
- 生物由来の酸素化物供給原料を水素化脱酸素の条件下において硫化された触媒組成物と接触させることを含んで成る生物由来の酸素化物供給原料の水素化脱酸素を行う方法であって、該触媒組成物は
(i)実質的にアルミナを含んで成る多孔性の担体であって、0〜1重量%の燐および0〜0.5重量%の珪素(両方とも酸化物として計算)を含んで成り、平均細孔直径が5〜40nmの範囲にある担体;および
(ii)該アルミナ担体に担持された少なくとも1種のVIB族の金属および少なくとも1種のVIII族の金属を含んで成る1〜20重量%の活性金属成分(組成物の重量に基づき酸化物として計算)を含んでいることを特徴とする方法。 - 該酸素化物供給原料はトリグリセリドを含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 該酸素化物供給原料は少なくとも10重量%のエステルを含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 該酸素化物供給原料は少なくとも50重量%のエステルを含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 該酸素化物供給原料は少なくとも75重量%のエステルを含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 該酸素化物供給原料はエステル交換されたトリグリセリドの反応生成物を含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項3〜5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 該水素化脱酸素条件は250〜450℃の範囲の温度、10〜220バールの範囲の水素分圧、および0.1〜10 1/hrの範囲の時間基準液空間速度(LHSV)を含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載された方法。
- 硫化水素(H2S)またはその前駆体の存在下において、該硫化水素が10〜10000ppmの量で水素ガス中に存在するようにして該酸素化物供給原料を触媒組成物と接触させることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載された方法。
- 該硫化水素は10〜1000ppmの量で水素ガス中に存在することを特徴とする請求項8記載の方法。
- 触媒組成物の該アルミナ担体は0.5重量%より少ない珪素および0.5重量%より少ない燐を含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか一つに記載された方法。
- 触媒組成物の該アルミナ担体は10〜20nmの範囲の平均細孔直径をもっていることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか一つに記載された方法。
- 触媒組成物の該VIB族の金属はモリブデン(Mo)を含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれか一つに記載された方法。
- 触媒組成物の該VIII族の金属はニッケル(Ni)を含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載された方法。
- 触媒組成物の該活性金属成分は10〜18重量%のモリブデンおよび2〜5重量%のニッケルを含んで成ることを特徴とする請求項12または13記載の方法。
- 触媒組成物の該活性金属成分は4:1〜2:1の範囲のMo/Niの重量比をもっていることを特徴とする請求項12〜14のいずれか一つに記載された方法。
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EP2032677A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
US8795392B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
BRPI0712690A2 (pt) | 2012-07-03 |
WO2007141293A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
CA2653528C (en) | 2015-02-03 |
ES2895946T3 (es) | 2022-02-23 |
EP2032677B1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
US20100043278A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
CN101460595A (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
DK2032677T3 (da) | 2021-10-18 |
BRPI0712690B1 (pt) | 2022-06-14 |
HUE056210T2 (hu) | 2022-02-28 |
JP2009540037A (ja) | 2009-11-19 |
PL2032677T3 (pl) | 2022-01-24 |
CA2653528A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
CN101460595B (zh) | 2014-10-22 |
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