JP5446309B2 - ゲル状電解質及びこれを用いた電池とその使用方法、並びにゲル状電解質の製造方法 - Google Patents
ゲル状電解質及びこれを用いた電池とその使用方法、並びにゲル状電解質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5446309B2 JP5446309B2 JP2009037309A JP2009037309A JP5446309B2 JP 5446309 B2 JP5446309 B2 JP 5446309B2 JP 2009037309 A JP2009037309 A JP 2009037309A JP 2009037309 A JP2009037309 A JP 2009037309A JP 5446309 B2 JP5446309 B2 JP 5446309B2
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- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
LiO(SO2(CF2)3CF3)等を使用することができる。
本発明の一実施の形態に係る電解質は、例えば、電池等の電気化学デバイスに用いられる固体電解質であり、炭素クラスター及び電解質塩を含んでいる。
「炭素クラスター」とは、炭素を主元素とし、数十から数百の原子が結合したもの、又はその結合して形成されたものが凝集或いは結晶化したもののことである。
電解質塩は、例えば、電池の電極反応物質をカチオンとして有するものであり、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩のうちの少なくとも1種を含んでいる。アルカリ金属塩としては、リチウム塩、ナトリウム塩或いはカリウム塩が挙げられる。
第1の構成による電解質は、電解質塩と炭素クラスターから形成される電解質であり、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩のうちの少なくとも1種と、炭素クラスターを含有する固体電解質である。
第2の構成による電解質は、電解質塩、炭素クラスター、極性有機溶媒から形成される電解質であり、少なくともアルカリ金属塩からなる電解質塩と、炭素クラスターと、この電解質塩をイオン解離させることができ極性を有する有機溶媒から形成された固体電解質である。
第3の構成による電解質は、電解質塩、炭素クラスター、イオン液体から形成される電解質であり、少なくともアルカリ金属塩からなる電解質塩と、炭素クラスターと、この電解質塩をイオン解離させることができ極性を有するイオン液体から形成された固体電解質である。
第4の構成による電解質は、電解質塩をイオン解離させ極性を有する液状化合物又は/及び電解質塩に重合性(架橋性)官能基を付与したものと、炭素クラスターから形成される電解質である。この電解質は、少なくともアルカリ金属塩からなる電解質塩、上記の液状化合物と、炭素クラスターから形成された固体電解質であり、電解質塩又は/及び上記の液状化合物は、重合性(架橋性)官能基を有している。上記の液状化合物は、有機系溶媒、又は、イオン液体である。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態における、第1の電池の構成を示す断面図である。
リチウムを吸蔵及び放出することが可能な正極材料としては、例えば、硫化鉄(FeS2)、硫化チタン(TiS2)、硫化モリブデン(MoS2)、セレン化ニオブ(NbSe2)或いは酸化バナジウム(V2O5)等のリチウムを含有しないカルコゲン化物、又はリチウムを含有するリチウム含有化合物等が挙げられる。
合わせて用いてもよい。
第2の電池は、負極15の構成が異なる点を除き、第1の電池と同様の構成、作用及び効果を有していると共に同様の手順により製造される。第1の電池と共通の構成要素については、その説明は省略する。
<実施例1−1>:乾式混合法による電解質の調製
実施例1−1、及び、以下で説明する実施例1−2、実施例1−3で使用する炭素クラスターとして酸化フラーレンを用いて上記した第1の構成による電解質を作製した。
モル比M1/M2を1/1に代えて、1/2(参考例1−2)或いは1/4(参考例1−3)にしたことを除き、参考例1−1と同様の手順を経た。
電解質塩としてLiTFSIに代えて、六フッ化ヒ酸リチウム(LiAsF6)を用いたことを除き、参考例1−1と同様の手順を経た。なお、この際、炭素クラスターであるC60Ox(x>6)のモル数M1と電解質塩であるLiAsF6のモル数M2との比(モル比)M1/M2が1/1になるように混合した。
ポリエチレンオキサイド(PEO)とLiTFSIとからなる電解質を、PEOのモノマー単位であるエチレンオキサイド(EO)のモル数と、LiTFSIが含むリチウム(Li)のモル数との比(EO:Li)が10:1になるように作製した。この場合には、アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内において、0.5gのポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量100000;シグマアルドリッチ社製)と、0.0326gのLiTFSIとを50cm3のアセトニトリルに溶解させ、その溶液を12時間撹拌した。次に、その撹拌した溶液をPTFEからなるシャーレに入れ、アルゴン雰囲気下で風乾させたのち、80℃で真空乾燥することにより、電解質を作製した。
炭素クラスターとしてC60Ox(x>6)に代えて、フラーレンであるC60を用いたことを除き、参考例1−1或いは参考例1−4と同様の手順を経た。この際には、電解質塩としてはLiTFSI(参考例2−1)、或いは、LiAsF6(参考例2−2)を用い、その場合の炭素クラスターと電解質塩とのモル比M1/M2は何れも1/1とした。
図3は、本発明の参考例2−1、参考例2−2、比較例1における、電解質のイオン導電率の温度特性を示す図である。
実施例3に示す電解質は、上述した第2の構成による電解質であり、電解質塩としてLiTFSI、炭素クラスターとしてフラーレンC60、極性有機溶媒としてアセトンをそれぞれ用い、これらを乳鉢で混合し、次に、加熱下で真空乾燥を行うことによって形成された。
実施例4に示す電解質は、実施例3で得られた混合物を、より高温下で真空乾燥させたものである。
アセトンのような極性溶媒を湿式混合に用いた場合に、乾燥処理によって上述したゲル状にするが、極性溶媒が乾燥時に揮発しないで極性のさらに強い液体はないものかと考え、アセトンの代わりにイオン液体を用いた実験を行った。
14A…正極集電体、14B…正極活物質層、15…負極、15A…負極集電体、
15B…負極活物質層、16…電解質
Claims (13)
- アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ金属土類塩のうちの少なくとも1種を含む電解質塩と、
フラーレン、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン、フラーレンの水素化物、カーボンナノチューブの水素化物、グラフェンの水素化物、フラーレンの酸化物、カーボンナノチューブの酸化物、グラフェンの酸化物、及び、これらの欠損物からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種である炭素クラスターと、
前記電解質塩をイオン解離させ極性を有するイオン液体である液状化合物と、
の液状混合物から形成されたゲル状電解質。 - 前記液状混合物における前記電解質塩、前記炭素クラスター、前記液状化合物のモル比をそれぞれ、MS、MC、MLとする時、ML≧MS≧MCである、請求項1に記載のゲル状電解質。
- 前記電解質塩又は前記液状化合物は重合性官能基を有し、この重合性官能基が重合され前記液状混合物がゲル状とされた、請求項1または請求項2に記載のゲル状電解質。
- 前記アルカリ金属塩は、リチウム塩、ナトリウム塩及びカリウム塩のうちの少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載のゲル状電解質。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のゲル状電解質と、
正極と、
負極と
を有する電池。 - 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のゲル状電解質と、正極と、負極とを有する電池の使用方法であって、100℃以下で使用される電池の使用方法。
- アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ金属土類塩のうちの少なくとも1種を含む電解質塩と、フラーレン、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン、フラーレンの水素化物、カーボンナノチューブの水素化物、グラフェンの水素化物、フラーレンの酸化物、カーボンナノチューブの酸化物、グラフェンの酸化物、及び、これらの欠損物からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種である炭素クラスターとを、前記電解質塩をイオン解離させ極性を有する液状化合物に添加して液状混合物を調整する第1の工程と、
前記液状混合物を真空加熱乾燥する第2の工程と
を有するゲル状電解質の製造方法。 - 前記液状化合物は、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基のいずれかを有する有機系溶媒である、請求項7に記載のゲル状電解質の製造方法。
- 前記液状化合物は、イオン液体である、請求項7に記載のゲル状電解質の製造方法。
- 前記液状混合物における前記電解質塩、前記炭素クラスター、前記液状化合物のモル比をそれぞれ、MS、MC、MLとする時、ML≧MS≧MCである、請求項7に記載のゲル状電解質の製造方法。
- 前記電解質塩又は前記液状化合物は重合性官能基を有し、前記第1の工程に続いて、前記重合性官能基を重合させる工程を有し、前記液状混合物がゲル状とされた請求項7ないし請求項10のいずれか1項に記載のゲル状電解質の製造方法。
- 前記第2の工程における真空乾燥温度が100℃以下である、請求項7ないし請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のゲル状電解質の製造方法。
- 前記アルカリ金属塩は、リチウム塩、ナトリウム塩及びカリウム塩のうちの少なくとも1種である、請求項7に記載のゲル状電解質の製造方法。
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CN103560268B (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2016-01-13 | 中山大学 | 一种硼掺杂石墨烯改性凝胶聚合物电解质的制备方法 |
JP2015126061A (ja) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-06 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 電気化学素子用電解液、およびそれを用いた電気化学素子 |
TWI583043B (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-05-11 | 長興材料工業股份有限公司 | 電解質組合物 |
EP2991153B1 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2023-08-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Composite electrolyte and lithium battery including the same |
WO2016114141A1 (ja) * | 2015-01-14 | 2016-07-21 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 蓄電装置用水系電解液、及び当該水系電解液を含む蓄電装置 |
JP6613474B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-14 | 2019-12-04 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 蓄電装置用水系電解液、及び当該水系電解液を含む蓄電装置 |
JP6848980B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-15 | 2021-03-24 | 株式会社村田製作所 | リチウムイオン伝導体、全固体電池、電子機器、電子カード、ウェアラブル機器および電動車両 |
KR101777805B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-09-26 | 조환윤 | 겔형의 커패시터용 전해질 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP2019057372A (ja) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-04-11 | 株式会社東芝 | リチウムイオン二次電池、電池パック、及び車両 |
CN107887644A (zh) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-04-06 | 安徽智森电子科技有限公司 | 一种锂电池的电解液 |
CN108417893B (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-08-11 | 南京理工大学 | 高循环稳定性的锂硫电解液 |
KR20200099891A (ko) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-25 | 주식회사 유뱃 | 전기화학 소자 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN110190326B (zh) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-08-31 | 华中科技大学 | 富勒烯衍生物作为电解液添加剂的应用及相应金属电池 |
CN110265719A (zh) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-20 | 江西力能新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂电池的电解质材料及其制备工艺 |
CN110600798B (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-03-21 | 西安交通大学 | 二氧化锰/聚氧化乙烯复合固态电解质的制备方法及应用 |
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JP3951225B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-11 | 2007-08-01 | ソニー株式会社 | プロトン伝導体及びその製造方法、並びに電気化学デバイス |
JP2004234949A (ja) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-19 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | フラーレン類組成物及びそれを用いた電解液を有する電池 |
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JP5303947B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-06 | 2013-10-02 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体電解質および電池 |
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