JP5435686B2 - Soil improver with sustained neutralization and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a soil conditioner for maintaining a neutralizing action for improving the pH of soil in which acidification proceeds due to acid rain falling on a mountain, and a method for producing the same .

  In recent years, among environmental changes, even trees that have been withered or not withered by acid rain caused by air pollution are weakened or fallen into a poorly growing state. -It has a great influence on the growth and growth of seafood and algae from the pond or the sea.

  Each time acid rain falls, it remains in the soil, and the acid substances accumulate. Therefore, the soil in Yamano is becoming more and more hardened and, at the same time, causes damage to the roots of the trees, combined with the acid accumulated so far.

  In order to obtain good quality building materials, seedlings are planted for the purpose of cultivating water sources. As for the method, the burial of sapling by simply digging a hole that has continued since ancient times is still mainstream, and there is almost no improvement in the soil environment before and after planting. Even in the era when there was no problem of environmental pollution due to acid rain, seedlings grown in a well-equipped environment with fertilizers in farmland etc. were transplanted to the mountains where no measures were taken to improve the soil environment. Due to drastic changes in the environment, there were cases where growth temporarily stopped or even withered. Also, even if the planted tree has been rooted smoothly, it is often in the growth state of the childhood, and the size after the growth is often affected, and further, when exposed to acid rain, the growth failure is more likely even after the childhood. There is a problem of becoming prominent.

  On the other hand, a technique for dispersing an environmental conservation / improving agent having an average particle size of 1 mm to 40 mm obtained by firing a crushed shell shell to a target place or mixing it with soil (Patent Document 1 below), Or the technique (after patent document 2) etc. which smash a shell and grind | pulverize and disperse | distribute the soil improvement agent which made the particle size 2 mm or less to the target place etc. are proposed (henceforth, said 2 techniques are referred to below). Both are also referred to as “prior art 1”).

As another technique, a technique for correcting the acidity of the soil using porous calcium carbonate whose surface is obtained by incineration drying shellfish or coral or drying under reduced pressure (Patent Document 3) is also proposed. (Hereinafter also referred to as “Prior Art 2”).

  The prior arts 1 and 2 are techniques using a soil conditioner prepared by heat-treating shells. More specifically, Prior Art 1 uses fired shell powder with a small particle size as a soil conditioner. On the other hand, the prior art 2 uses a shell itself having a porous surface formed by incineration or reduced pressure as a soil conditioner. What is common to both is that the shell is heat-treated.

  Shells are generally composed of weakly alkaline calcium carbonate as the main component. By further heat-treating this, the calcium constituting the shell is denatured into calcined calcium mainly composed of calcium oxide and used as an improver for acidic soil, including the prior arts 1 and 2 above. Known from.

JP-A-5-32968 JP-A-6-207173 JP-A-8-34687

However, the soil improvement agents using shells represented by the above-described conventional technology 1 and conventional technology 2 have the following problems. That is, in the prior art 1, since the shape is fine particles, after being sprayed on the soil for improvement, it flows out from the target soil due to the influence of rainfall or the like, and the effectiveness of neutralization is long-term. It was a problem that could not be maintained. For example, in order to improve the growth of transplanted seedlings, it is required to adjust the pH in order to make the improvement of acidic soil in the mountains where the seedlings are planted effective for a long time. Then, for many years, it was difficult to exert the pH adjustment effect at a certain place.
Conversely, if the soil conditioner is released from problems such as rainfall and is deposited on the target soil, the neutralization reaction accelerates at a stretch because the shape is fine. In some cases, the pH of the soil was too high above the desired range. As a result, the roots of the surrounding vegetation were withered or the growth of microorganisms in the soil could be hindered. Furthermore, since it is a fine particle, it has a problem that it is easily scattered and difficult to use at a target place.

  On the other hand, in the prior art 2, porous shells such as shellfish and coral are incinerated or dried under reduced pressure to form a porous material on the surface of the shell, and the surface area is enlarged in this part, and the neutralizing action is achieved. Although it can be increased moderately, since the porous structure is formed, the shell itself becomes fragile, and when it is embedded in the soil, the shape may collapse due to the weight of the soil, resulting in a shell piece with a small particle diameter. There is. In such a case, the problem of runoff from the soil occurs as in the case of the prior art 1.

  In addition, if the pH of the solution containing alkaline substances eluted from the soil conditioner is too high or too thick, it will kill the roots of the surrounding vegetation, and on the other hand, the growth of microorganisms that serve to digest fallen leaves and return them to the soil. In the worst case, it will result in killing.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and does not easily flow out of the soil even after being embedded in the soil, and does not adversely affect the environment of surrounding organisms (plants and microorganisms). An object of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner that can satisfactorily neutralize acidic soil and that can maintain its neutralizing action for a long time.

The present invention is a Mohs hardness formed by mixing and drying a calcined calcium powder made of a calcined pulverized shell and an alkaline water having a pH of 10 to 11.5 prepared by adding fresh water to the calcined calcium powder . The gist of the present invention is a soil conditioner having a neutralizing action that is characterized by having a value of 5 or more and 5.5 or less.

In the present invention, after calcining the shell, the ground calcined calcium powder is mixed with alkaline water having a pH of 10 to 11.5 prepared by adding fresh water to the calcined calcium powder and dried to obtain a Mohs hardness of 4.5. The gist of the above is a method for producing a soil improver having a neutralizing effect that is characterized by being a fossilized product of 5.5 or less .

  In the present invention, the calcined calcium is a powder derived from the calcined shellfish, and the calcining temperature varies depending on the type of the shellfish and the salt content of the shell to be calcined, and it can be expressed as a whole. None of the shells are fired just before the sintering temperature.

Since the present invention is formed by mixing calcined calcium powder obtained by firing and pulverizing shells and alkaline water, it is easy to form a stone-like soil improvement product having an appropriate size. That is, the soil improver of the present invention can turn a once crushed shell into a fossilized product.
Then, when the soil improver of the present invention, which is a fossilized material with a Mohs hardness of 4.5 or more and 5.5 or less , is embedded in the soil, the acid rainwater gradually dissolves the surface of the stoned improver, and a little alkali is added. It can be released to the soil one by one. As a result, the pH of the soil is not rapidly increased, the pH is too high than the desired range, the roots of the surrounding vegetation are withered, or the growth of microorganisms in the soil is not inhibited, and Since the neutralization action of the soil is continued until all the petrified improving agent is dissolved, the pH of acid rain can be neutralized for a long period of time to improve the soil.

  Moreover, by adjusting the pH of the alkaline water, it is possible to have an appropriate hardness, and to improve the acidification of the soil by acid rain over a long period of time without collapsing due to the weight of the soil, etc. It is possible to provide a soil conditioner that can be used.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below.

(About crushed shells)
First, the calcined calcium powder, which is a calcined product of shells, used for the soil conditioner of the present invention will be described. The present inventors specify a shell as a raw material of a soil conditioner, first, it is a material that is present in large quantities and can be obtained at low cost, and as a material that can neutralize pH due to acid rain, Paying attention to the three of animal bones, limestone, and shells, a test was conducted to select the most suitable one from the three types of raw materials. For the test, a calcination pulverized product of each of the above three types of raw materials was prepared, and a fossilized product prepared by adding water and alkaline water was used. As a result of various tests, it was the shell that showed good results from all points of view, such as the stability of pH and the quality and quantity of the lysate, or the long-term neutralization ability.

  The shell used in the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately used as long as it is an available shell. For example, shells such as scallops, oysters and clams can be used. Shells are very advantageous in that they can be obtained generally at low cost and can effectively use shells that have been treated as industrial waste. In addition, as for the shell used in the present invention, only one type of shell may be used, or a plurality of types of shells may be mixed and used.

Next, a method for forming a fired pulverized product of shells, the pulverized product used in the present invention can first fire the shell and then pulverize the fired product.
The pulverization method is not particularly limited, and a known pulverization method such as a ball mill can be appropriately selected and used. The size of the pulverized product is about 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm.

  The firing temperature of the shell differs depending on the salt content of the shell and the type of shell used, and is preferably set to the temperature immediately before the sintering temperature of each shell, especially when the salt content is zero. 1000 to 1130 degreeC is desirable.

(About making fossil)
The calcined calcium powder made of the crushed shell formed as described above is then mixed with alkaline water to form a fossilized product. The soil improver of the present invention can be made into a fossil by mixing with alkaline water and drying, and when it is buried in the soil, it can be gradually dissolved, and the pH of acid rainwater can be adjusted. Since the neutralizing action is continued until the improving agent is completely dissolved, the environment can be maintained for a long time.

  The mixing method of the calcined calcium powder and the alkaline water is not particularly limited, and any method may be selected as long as both can be mixed substantially uniformly. For example, a cement mixer or the like can be used. . In completing the present invention, the mixing conditions for mixing can be appropriately set depending on the mixing ratio of the calcined calcium powder and the alkaline water.

The present invention, pH 10 or higher, to use the pH11.5 following alkaline water. In particular, when alkaline water having a pH of less than 10 is used, even if a fossil is formed by mixing with calcined calcium powder, the hardness is uneven, and when buried in the soil, it collapses due to the weight of the soil. There is a risk of doing. On the other hand, since there is a possibility that solubility of calcined calcium powder type and amount by the stone product that is obtained is mixed with greater than pH11.5 decreases, it is favorable preferable is pH11.5 less.

Examples of the alkaline water with pH in a preferred range can be used alkaline water created human engineering manner. Artificial alkaline water can be prepared by adding 250 times the weight of fresh water to the calcined calcium powder.

  The mixing ratio of the calcined calcium powder and the alkaline water is preferably 0.7 kg or more and 0.75 kg or less with respect to 1 kg of the calcined calcium powder. At the above ratio, it is easy to cast into a mold and dry.

  After mixing calcined calcium powder and alkaline water, this is dried to obtain a fossilized product, whereby the soil improver of the present invention is completed. The petrified product can be poured into a mold of an appropriate size, or the cast petrified product poured into a large mold can be divided into an appropriate size. As the drying method, for example, a mixture of calcined calcium powder and alkaline water can be poured into a container such as funnel that kneads cement and dried in the sun. In addition, by appropriately selecting the mold, it is possible to produce balls, plates, and pellets.

  The mixture is dried to obtain a dried product, and then the dried product is divided so as to have an appropriate size. The shape and size of the divided material are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately formed depending on the place of use and purpose of use, but a relatively large stone roller shape or a larger block shape is preferable.

(Morse hardness of fossil)
The present invention, which is a stone monster is, Ru der Mohs hardness of 4.5 to 5.5. By making the Mohs hardness of the soil improver of the present invention 4.5 or more, the alkali component can be gradually dissolved in the soil when embedded in the soil, preventing a sudden increase in pH. be able to. On the other hand, when the Mohs hardness exceeds 5.5, the fossil is difficult to dissolve in the soil, and the amount of alkaline components eluted into the soil is reduced (or the dissolution rate is slow). The desired neutralizing effect may not be obtained. If the soil improver of the present invention having an appropriate hardness, the soil can be neutralized to a desirable degree, and the neutralizing action is continued until the improver is completely dissolved. Is possible.

  The method for measuring the Mohs hardness according to the present invention is based on whether the sample material whose hardness is to be measured is rubbed with a standard material, whether the sample material is scratched, and when the standard material is rubbed with the sample material, The hardness can be measured based on whether or not the reference material is scratched. The reference material with Mohs hardness 4 is fluorite, the reference material with Mohs hardness 5 is apatite, and the reference material with Mohs hardness 6 is feldspar. When the sample material is scratched with fluorite and scratched with apatite, the Mohs hardness is greater than 4 and less than or equal to 5. Further, when the apatite is damaged when the apatite is scratched with the sample material, the Mohs hardness is 5 and when the apatite is not damaged, the Mohs hardness is 4.5. In the Mohs hardness range of the fossilized product of the present invention, the lower limit of the Mohs hardness of 4.5 is that when scratched with fluorite, it is not scratched, when scratched with apatite, and when scratched with sample material. The Mohs hardness of 5.5, which is the upper limit of the hardness of the apatite, is not scratched even when scratched with apatite, was scratched when scratched with feldspar, and was scratched with the sample material. In some cases, the feldspar is not damaged.

(About usage examples of soil conditioners)
The soil improver of the present invention can be used particularly well for adjusting the growth environment of seedlings. For example, the growth environment of seedlings can be effectively and easily adjusted by the method of use of the present invention described below. can do.

  In order to adjust the growth environment for the growth of seedlings, etc., a hole is dug in the vicinity of the seedlings, and a soil improver usually in the unit of several kilograms to several tens of kilograms is buried in the basket and used. This makes it possible to neutralize the pH of acid rain and adjust the soil environment around the object. Since the soil conditioner of the present invention is a petrified shape, it is effectively prevented from flowing out due to the influence of rainfall or the like. Therefore, it is preferable to quantify the soil conditioner of the present invention in advance and fill it in a biodegradable container.

  The biodegradable container is a material that returns to the soil after a long period of time, such as a bamboo basket or a bamboo basket, and has a strength sufficient to withstand the weight of the soil conditioner to be filled, and There is no particular limitation as long as stitches smaller than the size of the soil conditioner are provided. Examples of the material constituting the biodegradable container include materials that can be decomposed as soil components after a certain period of time, such as bamboo and straw. And, using such a material, a basket-like or bag-like object can be formed and filled with the soil conditioner of the present invention.

As described above, the soil conditioner of the present invention filled in a biodegradable bag is preferably embedded near a seedling, particularly at a distance of 0.5 m to 2 m from the seedling. By setting the burying position to 0.5 m or more, the root environment in the initial growth of seedlings is not hindered, and by making it within 2.0 m, the surrounding soil environment is effectively applied to the seedlings. Can be adjusted. In particular, since most of the mountains are sloped land, when seedlings are transplanted, the infiltration region of the soil conditioner of the present invention due to rainfall changes depending on the slope angle, so that the soil suitable for the slope angle and the desired seedlings. Determine the burial distance according to the environment.
In addition, when using a basket-like or bag-like product filled with the soil improver of the present invention for a seedling planted in a mountain slope, the seedling is directly above the slope (above the seedling). It is preferable to be embedded in

  The above description does not limit the method of using the soil improver of the present invention, but according to the method of use as described above, the pH of the soil contaminated with acid rain is efficiently and effectively adjusted. It is possible to improve the quality of the cultivated product such as seedlings grown in the soil. In particular, in seedlings, it is possible to prevent growth delay or withering due to acid rain and to promote the growth rate.

(Creation of Example 1)
Scallop shells were fired at 1000 ° C. to 1150 ° C. (differs depending on the salt content) to prepare fired shells. Subsequently, the calcined shell was pulverized by a ball mill and passed through a 100 mesh sieve to prepare calcined calcium powder.
Next, 21.0 kg of artificial alkaline water having a pH of 11 (adjusted by adding 250 times the weight of fresh water to the calcined calcium powder) and 30 kg of the calcined calcium powder were mixed with a cement mixer and poured into funnel. And after exposing the said fin to the sun and drying, it grind | pulverized to the magnitude | size of about 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm, the soil improvement agent of this invention was created, and this was made into Example 1. FIG. When the Mohs hardness of Example 1 was measured, the Mohs hardness was 5.

  10 kg of the soil conditioner of Example 1 was filled in a basket-type container formed of bamboo and used for the following seedling growth evaluation.

(Seedling development evaluation)
Trees grown in this evaluation are not tree planting for obtaining building materials, but tree harvesting for collecting soil improvement data. Therefore, if the planted tree grows too big, it becomes difficult to measure the tree height, so the medium shrub type was selected.

(Selection conditions for seedling growth evaluation)
The necessary condition for trial cultivation of trees is that the sunshine time is not significantly different from normal. Next, you need to choose a place where the sun is not falling in at least 5 hours. Next, it is necessary to choose a place to transplant seedlings, avoiding at least the summit. The reason for this is that the flow (velocity) of the acid rainwater that falls is too early. If such a position is selected as the test location, the test results will also be unstable, and the test content will be accidental (happening) This is because the number of elements increases. Therefore, the implementation conditions for seedling growth evaluation were selected based on these.

  Next, although searching for a place to embed the soil conditioner of Example 1, the area directly above the seedling planting point (in the direction above the seedling planting point and on the straight line of the planting point) Is an appropriate place, and the inclined surface approaches 180 degrees (that is, approaches the horizontal angle), the distance becomes better by about 1 meter as the inclination becomes gentler. On the contrary, the inclined surface has an angle of 90 degrees (that is, the above horizontal angle). The closer to the tree, the better the position away from the tree. In order to evaluate Example 1, the embedding conditions were set so as to satisfy these selection conditions.

The planting place facing southeast was chosen where the annual average sunshine hours were 6.5 hours. In addition, the inclination angle was selected from three points of 170 °, 135 °, and 95 °, and four holly, wedges, black moji, and akamegawashi seedlings were transplanted at intervals of 2 m. And next, the said soil improvement agent filling container was embed | buried 1 each above the slope with respect to each seedling. The burying position was about 1.5 m from each seedling and a hole having a depth of about 40 cm was dug and buried.
Then, the height of each seedling and the thickness of the trunk at a position 10 cm from the ground were measured once a year from the 2nd year to the 21st year from the transplanting of the seedlings. Twelve average values of the height and the trunk thickness were calculated for each type of seedling, and the results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparison evaluation)
The growth of the seedlings was observed under the same conditions as the seedling growth evaluation except that the soil conditioner of Example 1 was not used. Table 2 shows measurement data of the seedlings measured and calculated in the same manner as in the seedling growth evaluation.

  Comparing the height of the seedlings in the seedling growth evaluation using Example 1 and the height of the seedlings in the comparative evaluation performed without using Example 1, the seventh year, the 14th year, and the 21st year from the transplantation The growth rate of seedlings in the seedling growth evaluation of Example 1 relative to the comparative evaluation was calculated and shown in Table 3.

In the seedling growing evaluation performed using Example 1, a very preferable growing result was obtained. As described above, it was considered that the results of the successful growth were assumed on the assumption that various conditions were actually embedded, and the soil improvement effect was effectively exhibited. On the other hand, in the comparative evaluation performed in the same environment, a significant delay in the growth was observed as compared with the growth result in the evaluation of Example 1.
That is, from Tables 1 and 2, the seedlings evaluated using Example 1 grew better than the seedlings of comparative evaluation in the height and thickness of all four seedlings transplanted. It was shown that. Looking at the comparative data in Table 3, the height of the seedlings in the evaluation using Example 1 is higher than the height of the seedlings in the comparative evaluation at any time point in the 7th, 14th and 21st years. Also, growth of more than 28% was seen. In particular, the growth rate of seedlings in the evaluation of Example 1 in the seventh year of transplantation is 145% or more, and the soil conditioner of the present invention has a remarkable effect on the growth of seedlings, particularly at the initial stage of transplantation. It was shown that

Claims (2)

A Mohs hardness of 4.5 or more, formed by mixing and drying a calcined calcium powder made of a calcined pulverized shell and an alkaline water having a pH of 10 to 11.5 prepared by adding fresh water to the calcined calcium powder. A soil conditioner having a neutralizing effect that is characterized by having a .5 or less. After firing the shells, the ground calcium powder prepared by adding fresh water to the calcined calcium powder is mixed with alkaline water having a pH of 10 to 11.5 and dried to have a Mohs hardness of 4.5 or more, 5.5 The manufacturing method of the soil improvement agent with which the neutralization effect | action lasting characterized by setting it as the following petrochemicals is maintained .