JP5404195B2 - 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5404195B2 JP5404195B2 JP2009137919A JP2009137919A JP5404195B2 JP 5404195 B2 JP5404195 B2 JP 5404195B2 JP 2009137919 A JP2009137919 A JP 2009137919A JP 2009137919 A JP2009137919 A JP 2009137919A JP 5404195 B2 JP5404195 B2 JP 5404195B2
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- nitrogen
- biomass
- catalyst
- melamine
- containing compound
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
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- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 240000003483 Leersia hexandra Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000533293 Sesbania emerus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002194 amorphous carbon material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003233 aromatic nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006167 biodegradable resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009656 pre-carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020083 shōchū Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
項1. バイオマスまたはその焼成炭化物の粉末と含窒素化合物を通電加熱することを特徴とする、燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
項2. 前記焼成炭化物が木炭である、項1に記載の方法。
項3. 前記含窒素化合物がメラミンである、項1又は2に記載の方法。
項4. 含窒素化合物の比率が、50〜85重量%である項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
項5. 前記バイオマスが木材チップである項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
項6. 前記焼成炭化物が、バイオマスの炭素化工程の後に粉砕工程を経て製造されたものである、項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
実施例1
<木質カーボンアロイカソード触媒の調製>
(試料調製)
木片80gを500℃にて、昇温速度4℃/分、炭化時間60分で予備炭化を行い、得られた木質炭化物を粉砕した。粒度を25〜150μm(二次粒子)に調製した木質炭化物に、メラミンが75重量%になるようにメラミンを混合した。
(焼結)
上記の木質炭化物-メラミン混合物0.5gを筒状の黒鉛型に入れ、黒鉛型の中で上下から黒鉛棒を介して、窒素雰囲気下で50MPaの圧力を加え、直流電流を付加することにより加熱速度80℃/分、焼結温度600℃で15分間焼結を行った。焼結終了後室温になるまで放置し焼結物を取り出し粉砕した。
[構造解析]
上記の触媒材料について、SEM及びTEMを用いて構造解析を行った。
図2に、メラミン75重量%の焼結体の粉砕後のSEM像を示す。図2の結果より、炭素の二次粒子の大きさの分布がほぼそろっていることがわかった。図3のTEM観察結果の結果、メラミン75重量%の焼結体を粉砕してできた触媒には、ミクログラファイト層が発達していることがわかった。
[表面積と粒径・空孔径]
窒素ガス吸着により上記触媒の比表面積を測定したところ11m2/gで、X線小角散乱測定により粒径を測定したところ118nm、規格化分散92.1%となった。一方、空孔径は0.26nm、規格化分散86.1%となった。
[触媒の性能評価結果]
図4に、上記測定を行った触媒の酸素還元特性評価結果を示す。評価測定には三極式セルを用い、作用極のGC(グラッシカーボン)上に触媒を担持後、Nafion膜を被覆し、対極に白金線を参照極にAg/AgClを用い、電解質として1 M H2SO4を用いて、作用極を回転数1600 rpmで回転させて酸素還元特性を評価した。図4に上記の条件で作られた触媒材料の電流-電位曲線を示す。
Claims (6)
- バイオマスまたはその焼成炭化物の粉末と含窒素化合物を通電加熱することを特徴とする、燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記焼成炭化物が木炭である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記含窒素化合物がメラミンである、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 含窒素化合物の比率が、50〜85重量%である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記バイオマスが木材チップである請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記焼成炭化物が、バイオマスの炭素化工程の後に粉砕工程を経て製造されたものである、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
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JP2009137919A JP5404195B2 (ja) | 2009-06-09 | 2009-06-09 | 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法 |
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JP2009137919A JP5404195B2 (ja) | 2009-06-09 | 2009-06-09 | 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法 |
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JP2010287316A JP2010287316A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
JP5404195B2 true JP5404195B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5693323B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2015-04-01 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法 |
GB201819118D0 (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-09 | Univ Tartu | Carbon nanomaterial for use as a catalyst |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH10120465A (ja) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-05-12 | Mokushitsu Fukugou Zairyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai | 通電焼結法により焼結された焼結炭、及び、焼成炭化物焼結体の製造方法 |
JP4501357B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-08 | 2010-07-14 | ソニー株式会社 | 触媒電極及びその製造方法、膜−電極接合体、並びに電気化学デバイス |
JP4529494B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-17 | 2010-08-25 | ソニー株式会社 | 酸素還元触媒の製造方法 |
JP2005174573A (ja) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 酸素還元用電極及びその製造方法 |
JP4452885B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-23 | 2010-04-21 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | 炭素系燃料電池用触媒及びその製造方法並びに該触媒を用いた燃料電池 |
DE102006046880A1 (de) * | 2006-10-04 | 2008-04-10 | Carbotech Ac Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aktivkohle mit hoher katalytischer Aktivität |
JP5335211B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-29 | 2013-11-06 | 株式会社 永光 | 触媒 |
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