JP5385208B2 - Flowering method of seedling seedling and seedling seedling - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a seedling seedling flowering method and seedling seedlings, and more particularly to a seedling seedling flowering method capable of breeding red peach seeds and allowing them to bloom early in the seedling year, and a seedling seedling produced by the method. .

  Peach is widely used not only for raw food but also for ornamental purposes such as garden trees and cut branches. Peach is a fast-changing generation, and it blooms and produces fruit in the third year, so there is a possibility that genetic homogeneity is more advanced than other fruit trees, and seedlings by self-pollination often inherit the traits of the mother tree Has been. The seedlings of woody plants undergo a phase transition (phase change) from the juvenile phase to the reproductive phase after a certain juvenile period. The phase transition from the juvenile phase to the reproductive phase is also observed in one individual tree. The base of the tree is always in the juvenile phase, and there is a transition phase (transient phase) between the tip of the branch showing the reproductive phase.

  In order to further shorten the breeding period of such peaches, it is necessary to promote phase transition and promptly induce flower bud differentiation in the side buds in the transitional phase or the reproductive phase.

  In general, there is a negative correlation between tree growth and juvenile phase length, and it is considered necessary to reach a certain size in order to determine phase transition. For example, when apple seedlings are placed under suitable indoor conditions and grown vigorously without sleep, it is known that 89 to 93% of individuals will flower after 2 years and 2 months of sowing. It is also known that the lowest flower bud formation position is around 60 nodes in the potted 2-year-old seedlings of 'Yaguchi'. Therefore, by ensuring sufficient number of divisions of the apical tissue by early sowing after layering and removal of the subtree, etc., phase conversion to the transitional phase or the reproductive phase can be promoted even in the first-year seedlings Conceivable.

  As a method for promoting the flower bud formation of the seedlings that have reached the transitional phase or the reproductive phase, there are surgical techniques such as ring peeling and root removal treatment. In general, flower bud formation in fruit trees is affected by nutritional conditions (carbohydrate-nitrogen relationship), and vegetative and reproductive growth are in a reciprocal relationship. The present inventors have already proposed a method for promoting flower bud differentiation by performing stress treatment such as root cutting treatment on a peach peach (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2008-48664 A JP-A-5-286812 JP-A-6-24915 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-313610 JP 2001-231355 A

Agricultural Handbook 2001 (issued by the Japanese Plant Protection Association on November 1, 2001) Uniconazole P pesticide abstract (Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Consumer Safety Technology Center, http://www.acis.famic.go.jp/syouroku/uniconazoleP/index.htm) Agricultural Handbook 10th Edition (Shingo Yoneyama, Kazuhiko Ando, Tsukasa Tsuzuki, August 15, 2004, Agricultural and Fishing Village Cultural Association)

  Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes the growth of plants in general. Uniconazole (generic name) and paclobutrazol (generic name) are known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins. Since this uniconazole inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellin, the effect as a lodging-reducing agent for rice has been studied due to the property of suppressing the growth (elongation) of the length (see Patent Document 2). In addition, an effect as a flowering inhibitor that suppresses the arrival of cedar and cypress at the flowering age has been studied (see Patent Document 3). Paclobutrazol has also been reported to be effective as a rice lodging reducing agent (see Patent Document 4). In addition, paclobutrazol is supposed to promote rooting of cutting seedlings of Eucalyptus plants or Acacia plants (see Patent Document 5).

  Note that uniconazole (generic name) is (E)-(RS) -1- (4-chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl-2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) -1. -Penten-3-ol (chemical name) and uniconazole P (generic name) is (E)-(S) -1- (4-chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl-2- (1H-1, 2,4-triazol-1-yl) -1-penten-3-ol (chemical name), and it is described in Non-Patent Document 1 that these are effective as plant growth regulators. It has been described in Non-Patent Document 2 that it has an effect of shortening the plant height or promoting flower bud formation.

  The present invention aims at further shortening the breeding period of peaches, which promotes phase transition and can quickly induce flower bud differentiation in side buds in the transitional phase or reproductive phase. It is to provide a flowering method. Moreover, it is providing the seedling seedling produced with the method.

  The flowering method of the seedling seedling of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is to sown seeds of buds that have been subjected to germination promotion treatment, and to grow the seedling seedling until the seedling seedling reaches the transitional phase or the reproductive phase without allowing the seedling to naturally diapause. In addition, it is characterized in that after reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase and before the flower bud differentiation period, an uniconazole solution adhesion treatment or a paclobutrazol solution irrigation or adhesion treatment is performed.

  According to this invention, the timing of the attachment treatment of Uniconazole solution to the first-year seedlings or the irrigation or attachment treatment of Paclobutrazol solution before reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase and before the flower bud differentiation period, Flower bud differentiation could also be induced at nodes that were lower than the treated nodes (ie, nodes that were already in the transition phase). This can significantly increase the flower bud differentiation of annual seedlings less than one year after sowing and further shorten the breeding period of peaches. As a result, seedlings that are guaranteed to bloom can be cultivated in one year, so that the production efficiency of seedlings can be increased, and at the same time, the seedling field area can be reduced based on the shortening of the years. It should be noted that the conventional stress treatment such as rooting treatment that promotes flower bud differentiation is limited to flower bud differentiation at nodes higher than the treated nodes.

  In the flowering method of the seedling seedling of the present invention, the concentration of uniconazole in the uniconazole solution or the concentration of paclobutrazole in the paclobutrazol solution is set within a range of 50 to 500 ppm.

  In the method for flowering seedling seedlings of the present invention, rooting treatment is performed together with the adhesion treatment or the irrigation treatment. According to the present invention, the induction of flower bud differentiation could be remarkably promoted by combining the treatment with uniconazole solution or the irrigation or attachment treatment with paclobutrazole solution and the root treatment.

  In the flowering method of the seedling seedling of the present invention, the internodes are shortened as compared with the seedling seedling not subjected to the adhesion treatment or the irrigation treatment, the maximum node position is 85% or less, and the average tree height is 80% or less. Configured. According to the present invention, a seedling having a short length can be provided.

  A seedling seedling of the present invention for solving the above problems is a seedling flowered by the flowering method of the seedling seedling according to the present invention, and is in the reproductive phase from the transition phase exceeding the highest node position of the juvenile phase It is characterized by the fact that it is anchored at a high density toward the node.

  According to this invention, the seedlings flowered by the flowering method according to the present invention are attached at a high density from the transitional phase exceeding the highest node position of the juvenile phase to the node position in the reproductive phase. Compared with the seedlings that are not treated, they clearly show different forms. These seedlings will blossom in the year of seedlings and can be put on the market very early and can be used for breeding (variety improvement).

  According to the flowering method of the seedlings of the present invention, the timing of the attachment treatment of the uniconazole solution or the irrigation or attachment treatment of the paclobutrazole solution to the annual seedling is performed after reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase. By using the front, flower bud differentiation could be induced even at a node position lower than the treated node (that is, a node position in a transition phase that had already been formed). This can significantly increase the flower bud differentiation of annual seedlings less than one year after sowing and further shorten the breeding period of peaches. As a result, seedlings that are guaranteed to bloom can be cultivated in one year, so that the production efficiency of seedlings can be increased, and at the same time, the seedling field area can be reduced based on the shortening of the years.

  According to the seedling seedling of the present invention, a short-year-old seedling seedling that blooms in the year of seedling can be put on the market very quickly.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the root treatment (A) and the adhesion treatment (B) of the uniconazole solution. In Experimental example 1, it is a graph which shows the influence which the process density | concentration of the adhesion process of a uniconazole liquid has on the number of flower buds of 1-year-old seedlings. In Experimental example 2, it is the graph which put together about the average landing node position, the landing range, the highest node position, tree height, and phase transition. It is a graph which shows the influence which acts on the total flower bud number according to the node position on the basis of the node position at the time of a rooting process and the attachment process of a uniconazole liquid in a 1-year-old Hanamomo 'Yaguchi' seedling seedling.

  The flowering method and seedling seedling of the present invention will be described in detail below. In addition, this invention includes the range which has the technical feature, and is not limited to the form etc. which are shown below.

(Flowering method for seedlings)
The seedling seedling flowering method of the present invention is sown with seeds of germination-promoted red peach seeds and allowed to grow until the seedlings reach the transitional phase or the reproductive phase without allowing the seedlings to naturally diapause, the transitional phase or the reproductive phase. After the bud differentiation and before the flower bud differentiation stage, a method of performing adhesion treatment (also referred to as “uniconazole treatment”) or irrigation or attachment treatment of paclobutrazol solution (also referred to as “paclobutrazol treatment”). It is. In other words, the flowering method of the seedling seedling of the present invention can be referred to as a method for producing a seedling seedling, in which the seedling seedling is transferred without allowing the seedling seedling to naturally diapause without the seedling of the seedling of the peach seed treated with germination promotion. And B step of growing until reaching the phase or reproductive phase, and C step of treating with uniconazole or paclobutrazole after reaching the transition phase or reproductive phase and before the flower bud differentiation stage.

  Step A is a step of sowing seeds of the peach that has been germinated and promoted. As the seeds, peach seeds are used. Examples of the varieties of peach peach include Yaguchi, peach peach, meso white, peach peach, otsu peach, kyosaryu, cold white, chrysanthemum peach, Kotobuki peach, white weeping and the like. It can be considered that the present invention can be similarly applied to those belonging to the group called the fruit fruit among the Rosaceae plants similar to the peach tree, except for the peach tree. Examples of the group include fruit seedlings and ornamental seedlings such as peaches, plums, apricots, chickpeas, laurels, and flower almonds.

  As the seed germination promoting treatment, a method of subjecting the seed to a low-temperature wet treatment (also referred to as “layer stacking treatment”) can be preferably applied, but other methods such as a method of peeling the seed coat may be used. In addition, although the method of carrying out the low temperature moistening process of a seed is a method of germinating in a greenhouse after wet-refrigerating a seed, conditions, such as a required low-temperature amount at that time, change with varieties.

  Seeds subjected to germination promotion treatment are seeds that have been germinated by germination promotion treatment such as the above-mentioned low-temperature wet treatment, or seeds that have been germinated and germinated by peeling off the seed coat. Such seeds are sown in a predetermined growth place, and the place where the seeds are sown may be a field, a pot, or an arbitrary breeding container. In the present invention, as will be described later, seedlings are grown until they reach the transitional phase or the reproductive phase without naturally dormancy, so it is desirable to sow seeds in a soil environment where the roots are sufficiently grown. For example, it is preferable to sow in a field composed of Kanto Loam, which is a deep volcanic ash soil, as will be described in Examples below. In addition, when it is sown in a pot, it is desirable to change the pot to a soil environment in which the roots grow sufficiently.

  The seed sowing time is not particularly limited, but in order to bloom in the first year of seedlings, it is necessary to make the seedlings into a reproductive phase that reaches a predetermined number of nodes from summer to autumn. It is desirable to sown the seeds in between. In order to sow seeds at such a time, it is desirable to carry out a treatment such as a low temperature moistening treatment for two months or more from the fall of the previous year.

  B process is a process which grows until the said seedling seedling reaches a transition phase or a reproductive phase, without letting the seedling seedling which germinated naturally dormant. The seeds sown in step A germinate and grow as seedlings. The growth environment may be natural growth or growth while adjusting the environment in a house that can be maintained at a predetermined growth temperature. Usually, it is grown while performing growth promotion treatment. Examples of the growth promotion treatment include in-house cultivation as described above, and shoots of lower subtrees.

  Seedlings grow in the order of juvenile phase, transitional phase, and reproductive phase as they grow, but `` until they reach the transitional phase or reproductive phase '' means that the seedlings have passed through the juvenile phase and have reached the transitional phase. Or after reaching the reproductive phase. The time until the seedlings reach the transitional phase or the reproductive phase needs to be before the flower bud differentiation period of the seedling seedlings (referred to as “before the flower bud differentiation period”). By reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase before the flower bud differentiation period, it is possible to induce flower bud differentiation induced by uniconazole treatment or paclobutrazole treatment in the step C described later.

  The number of nodes to reach the transitional phase is, for example, about 70 nodes in the case of the Japanese peach “Yaguchi”, and the number of nodes to reach the reproductive phase is usually about 85 to 90 nodes. Since the number of nodes may vary depending on the growth environment, the number of nodes is not limited to the number of nodes described above even in the case of the peach “Yaguchi”. In addition, even for the same peach variety, the case of `` Yaguchi '' is slightly different from the case of `` Peach '', and the case of other peach varieties is also slightly different, and the number of nodes until reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase is Although the number of nodes depends on each variety, in short, this B step may be a step for growing until reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase. Here, the “node number” is the number of positions (node positions) at which the leaves are differentiated, and has the same meaning as the number of leaves, but the number of leaves is not necessarily one at the same node position. In the present application, the number of nodes is shown. In plants, it can be seen that the condition that flower buds can be differentiated is established by reproductive age before and after the number of nodes reaches a predetermined number from the cotyledon part of the base.

  In this way, germinated seedlings are grown to a predetermined phase (transitional phase or reproductive phase) without letting them naturally diapause and reach a predetermined number of nodes within the year, and then treated with uniconazole or paclobutrazol. By performing the treatment (Step C), flower bud differentiation is induced in the transitional phase or the reproductive phase, and flowering in the seedling year can be realized.

  C process is a process of adhering treatment of uniconazole solution (uniconazole treatment) or irrigation or attachment treatment of paclobutrazole solution (paclobutrazole treatment) before reaching the transitional phase or reproductive phase and before the flower bud differentiation stage. . In the B process, the seedlings are grown until reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase. The timing for performing the uniconazole treatment or the paclobutrazole treatment in this C step is the flower bud differentiation stage after reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase. It is before.

  For example, in the case of the Japanese peach “Yaguchi”, flower bud differentiation starts from the end of July to August, so “before the flower bud differentiation period” is before that, that is, before mid-July. Since the start time of flower bud differentiation is related to the number of nodes, flower bud differentiation is likely to occur when the number of nodes reaches about 70 nodes, for example, in the case of Japanese peach "Yaguchi".

  In the case of deciduous nuclear fruits such as peaches, the flower buds of the following year differentiate during the high temperature summer. For flower bud differentiation, the node position to which the bud adheres has changed from the juvenile phase to the transitional phase or the reproductive phase, vegetative growth such as new shoots is somewhat stagnant, and sufficient carbohydrate is supplied. It is necessary to be.

  In addition, “before flower bud differentiation period” is slightly different between, for example, “Yaguchi” and “Momomo” even in the same peach variety, and further different in other peach varieties. Uniconazole treatment or paclobutrazole treatment may be performed before the flower bud differentiation stage.

  The uniconazole treatment is a treatment for attaching the uniconazole solution to the seedlings. In the present application, “uniconazole” means the chemical name “(E)-(RS) -1- (4-chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl-2- (1H-1,2,4-triazole-1- Yl) -1-penten-3-ol "and the chemical name" (E)-(S) -1- (4-chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl- " It is used in a concept including both “uniconazole P (generic name)” represented by “2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) -1-penten-3-ol”.

  Since uniconazole is one of dwarfing agents, the same effect as the present invention can be obtained when other dwarfing agents other than uniconazole, such as paclobutrazol, prohexadione calcium salt, and the like are used.

  Uniconazole is preferably in the range of 50 to 500 ppm as the concentration in the liquid. By making it within this range, a remarkable flower bud differentiation inducing effect can be expressed. The uniconazole solution containing uniconazole in the above concentration range uses water as a solvent and may contain an organic solvent or a surfactant as necessary. For example, “Sumi Seven P Solution” (registered trademark, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a commercially available uniconazole solution, contains 1.0% polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether as a surfactant.

  As a means for attaching the uniconazole solution, as shown in FIG. 1B, the solution may be sprayed with a spray spray, applied with a brush, or exposed to rain dew. Moreover, you may immerse a seedling in the water tank of uniconazole liquid.

  By performing this uniconazole solution attachment treatment at the timing before reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase and before the flower bud differentiation stage, not only flower bud differentiation at higher nodes but also lower than the treated nodes. Flower bud differentiation can also be induced at certain nodes (ie, nodes that are already in the transition phase). This can remarkably increase the flower bud differentiation of annual seedlings less than one year after sowing and can further shorten the breeding period of peaches. As a result, seedlings that are guaranteed to bloom can be cultivated in one year, so that the production efficiency of seedlings can be increased, and at the same time, the seedling field area can be reduced based on the shortening of the years. In the conventional stress treatment such as rooting treatment as the flower bud differentiation promoting process, the flower bud differentiation is limited to a node position higher than the treated node position.

  In addition, the seedling seedlings to which the flowering method according to the present invention is applied have a reduced internode length compared to the seedling seedlings in the control group not subjected to the uniconazole solution adhesion treatment, the highest node position is 85% or less, and the average tree height It exhibits the morphological feature that is 80% or less. In other words, it has a characteristic that it is a seedling with a clearly shorter length compared to the seedling seedling in the control plot.

  The root removal treatment can be performed together with the adhesion treatment of the uniconazole solution. The number of flower buds can be further increased by a combination of the uniconazole solution adhesion treatment and root removal treatment.

  The paclobutrazole treatment is an adhesion treatment for attaching a paclobutrazole solution to a seedling seedling, and a treatment for irrigating the seedling seedling with a paclobutrazole solution (spreading on the root soil). Paclobutrazol (generic name) is (2RS, 3RS) -1- (4-chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl-2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentane-3 -All (chemical name). This paclobutrazol has the same effect as uniconazole. As the paclobutrazol solution, for example, a commercially available paclobutrazol wettable powder “Nichino Bounty Flowable” (Nippon Agricultural Chemicals Co., Ltd., component: 21.5% paclobutrazol) can be used.

  The concentration of this paclobutrazol solution is preferably in the range of 50 to 500 ppm, similarly to uniconazole, and water may be used as a solvent, and an organic solvent or a surfactant may be included as necessary. Also, the adhering means is the same, and the liquid may be sprayed with a spray spray, applied with a brush, exposed to rain, or seedlings in the water tank of paclobutrazol solution. May be immersed. Alternatively, the seedlings may be irrigated with rain dew at the base. Moreover, the timing of the adhesion treatment and irrigation treatment is also the same as that of uniconazole, and the same effect can be obtained.

  Like uniconazole, rooting treatment can be performed together with the adhesion treatment or irrigation treatment of paclobutrazol solution. The number of flower buds can be further increased by the adhesion treatment or irrigation treatment of the paclobutrazol solution and the root removal treatment.

  The root cutting process is a process of cutting roots around the main trunk of the seedling seedling, and the cutting area is not particularly limited. For example, for a large seedling, an instrument as shown in FIG. 1 (A) or a shovel is used. Alternatively, the root may be cut in a semi-cylindrical shape in the vertical direction at a distance of 30 cm from the main trunk of the seedling seedling, and further the root may be cut in the horizontal direction at 40 cm underground.

  In addition to the root removal treatment or in place of the root removal treatment, a water deficiency treatment may be performed. This water deficiency treatment is also performed for the purpose of promoting flower buds. Water deficiency treatment is also referred to as soil drying treatment, water stress treatment, and irrigation restriction treatment.

  In addition, you may perform the process managed in a greenhouse, after letting a seedling seedling which flower-differentiated by the uniconazole process or the paclobutrazole process make low temperature encounter for a fixed time after defoliation. By performing such a treatment, it is possible to promote the development of flower buds, and as a result, it is possible to further promote the flowering in the seedling year. Falling leaves and low temperature encounter processing (also referred to as vernalization processing) are conventionally known processing, and thus are not specifically mentioned. For example, for fallen leaves, for example, forcible leaf removal can be exemplified, and for low temperature encounter processing, For example, it is possible to exemplify a treatment that is caused to occur in an environment of 5 ° C. for about 60 days, but is not particularly limited.

(Seedling seedlings)
The seedling seedlings flowered by the above-described flowering method according to the present invention are characterized in that they are anchored at a high density from the transition phase exceeding the highest node position of the juvenile phase to the node position in the reproductive phase.

  Here, the “highest node position of juvenile phase” is the highest value of the node position where only leaves that do not undergo flower bud differentiation are established, and can be confirmed by the fact that flower buds are not differentiated. . In addition, “the node in the reproductive phase from the transitional phase exceeding the highest node position of the juvenile phase” means the node position exceeding the highest node position of the juvenile phase. Further, “high density” means a density at which flower buds are grown to 1 flower per 10 to 15 nodes (total number of flower buds / total number of nodes). The seedlings according to the present invention settled at such a density are clearly different from those having a density of about 1 flower bud per 65 nodes obtained by the conventional method of the control group. Identification can be achieved.

  In addition, the seedlings according to the present invention have shorter internodes compared to the seedlings of the control group that is not subjected to uniconazole treatment or paclobutrazol treatment. And the seedling seedling according to the present invention compared with the seedling seedling of the control section has a maximum node position of 85% or less and an average tree height of 80% or less. The results are as shown in the experimental examples described later.

  In addition, since the seedling seedlings of the present invention are flowered in the year of seedlings, their morphological characteristics are different from those that were flowered in the second year of seedlings, and those that were flowered with grafts or cuttings. That is, the seedlings that have been flowered by the flowering method according to the present invention are grown from seeds, so that they always have a juvenile phase region and a reproductive phase region. There is a great difference in form between the two in that they have only regions. In addition, as an ornamental product, seedlings grown from seeds are more valuable than seedlings obtained by grafting or cuttings. That is, in the case of grafted seedlings, the grafted part is present in a humped state, and in the case of cuttings, the roots are not sufficiently stretched, and there are few branches from the trunk base. On the other hand, in seedlings grown from seeds, in the first year of seedling, both the top buds and side buds grow well, and there is a phenomenon called synchronized growth in which there is no superiority or inferiority in the positional relationship of the buds. The length of the branches is governed, and the tree shape composed of the main trunk and branches becomes a cone or spindle type.

  On the other hand, the seedlings of the current year of the seedling according to the present invention are similar in that the seedlings of the second year or more of the seedlings always have a juvenile phase region and a reproductive phase region, and the seedlings of the seedling year are traces of overwintering with dormant buds. It is different in that it does not have. Seedlings grown by the flowering method according to the present invention can be distributed even if they are over 2 years old, but in the market it is necessary to bloom and distribute, so there seems to be a word of Momoji In addition, when the seedlings are more than two years until flowering, the stock up to the distribution costs much, which is negative compared to grafts and cuttings. If it is a seedling seedling according to the present invention that can be distributed in the current year, it will not be inferior to the vegetative breeding method in this respect.

  The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to experimental examples. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following experimental examples.

[Experimental Example 1]
(Effect of Uniconazole concentration on seedling flower bud formation)
At the Utsunomiya University farm, seeds with the core of red peach 'Yaguchi' were collected at the end of October 2004, and layered with moistened sawdust at 5 ° C under dark humid conditions. Seeds germinated in the layered layer from the beginning of the month were sown in No. 5 pot (cultured soil / Kuroboku soil = 1: 1) (4 pots per pot) and grown in a greenhouse (maintained at 12 ° C. or higher).

  Since the peach has a weak apex bud advantage, in order to promote the growth of the main trunk, the lower sub-trees (side buds) up to 50 nodes were removed by shoots, and the re-emerged sub-trees were removed each time. Normal fertilization and irrigation management were performed, and individuals that reached about 60 knots in late June were used.

  Uniconazole liquid P (generic name, trade name “Sumi Seven P liquid” (registered trademark), Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used for the adhesion treatment of the uniconazole liquid. A water tank prepared by diluting or concentrating each liquid of 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 250 ppm, and 500 ppm with a concentration of uniconazole P in the uniconazole liquid of 0 ppm (ppm is mg / L: parts per million). Preparation was performed by inverting the pot and immersing the tip of the chute up to 35 cm in the solution for 1 minute. At this time, rolled up newspaper was packed in the upper part of the bowl, and further covered with a plastic bag and tied with a trunk portion to prevent the fall of the bowl soil and the penetration of uniconazole solution into the soil. The adhesion treatment was performed three times in early July, mid and late July.

(result)
At the end of December, all specimens were examined with the naked eye, and flower buds were counted. The number of flower buds for each individual and the number of flower buds for each individual and the average number of flower buds for all individuals were determined. FIG. 2 shows the result.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the treatment with uniconazole at the beginning of July in the red peach 'Yaguchi' markedly increased the number of flower buds, and particularly the one treated with 50 to 500 ppm of uniconazole solution significantly increased. In addition, the influence on flower bud formation became small, so that processing time became late from 7/1 to 7/30. The reason is considered that it takes a certain amount of time for the inhibitory effect of gibberellin synthesis by uniconazole to appear, so that the effect was not in time for flower bud differentiation.

[Experiment 2]
(Effects of root treatment and uniconazole treatment on flower bud formation in seedlings)
After collecting and enucleating the seeds of red peach 'Yaguchi' at the end of September 2006, 5 seeds were placed in a petri dish with moistened filter paper and layered under 5 ° C dark wet conditions. Seeds rooted during the layering are sown in mid-December, early January 2007 and mid-January 5 (horticultural culture soil / black soil = 1: 1). Cultivated in a glass room maintained at a temperature of 12 ° C or higher. The subtrees from each node of the seedlings were removed by shoots.

  In April, the plants were planted (60 cm × 60 cm) in the field (black soil), and the sub-tops up to the lower 50 nodes were removed by sprouting. The seedlings were subjected to three types of treatment: (i) root removal treatment, (ii) uniconazole treatment, and (iii) combined treatment of root removal treatment and uniconazole treatment. The untreated group was used as a control group. Individuals that reached about 60 knots in late June were tested. Divided into 4 times, late June (average 59.4), early July (71.2), mid July (84.1) and late July (87.7) Each treatment was performed once. There were 8 individuals per ward.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (A), the root removal treatment uses a metallic cylinder with a radius of 7.5 cm and a height of 20 cm from the main trunk root of the seedling, and is driven into the soil with the trunk as the center, and the side roots are uniform in the cylinder. Disconnected. Thereafter, the individual was pulled up, and the straight root that had come out from the tube was excised with scissors to make the straight root 20 cm or less. After rooting, the individual was backfilled in the same planting hole.

  In order to prevent the uniconazole treatment from scattering to other individuals, as shown in FIG. 1 (B), the ground part is wrapped with a 1 m × 1 m non-woven fabric with both ends attached to a thin column, leaving a gap of about 5 cm, From the gap, 20 mL of 250 ppm uniconazole solution was sprayed per individual. Next, the position of the column was moved 180 ° around the individual, and 20 mL was sprayed in the same manner from the opposite side. Furthermore, 20 mL was sprayed on the stock.

(result)
In December 2007, the number of flower buds of all test individuals was examined with the naked eye. The survey results of the average number of flower buds, the position of flower bud formation and the highest node of all individuals are shown in Table 1 and FIG.

  The number of flower buds per plant was 8.5 for the control group, 18.4 for the root treatment group, 16.7 for the uniconazole treatment group (also referred to as uniconazole group), and 21.6 for the root + uniconazole group. The flower buds were formed about twice or more in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Uniconazole treatment significantly reduced the lowest flower bud node from 87.2 to 69.7 and the average flower bud node from 93.5 to 76.4. The highest node was also significantly reduced from 112.8 to 90.5 by uniconazole treatment. The rooting treatment did not affect the flower bud formation node and the highest node.

  FIG. 4 shows flower bud formation nodes where the node at the time of treatment is 0. In the control group, a total of 219 flower buds were formed in 32 individuals between the upper 14 nodes and 54 nodes counted from the highest node position during the treatment. In the root treatment group, a total of 582 flower buds were observed in 32 individuals between the highest node position at the time of treatment and the upper 60 nodes counted therefrom. In the uniconazole treatment group, a total of 510 flower buds were formed from 32 individuals between the treatment node and the lower 16 nodes and from the treatment node to the upper 23 nodes. In the combined treatment group of uniconazole treatment and root removal treatment, a total of 725 flower buds in 32 individuals were distributed between the lower 20 nodes and the upper 46 nodes in an intermediate range of both single treatments.

[Evaluation]
From the experimental examples 1 and 2 above, by ensuring the sufficient number of divisions of the apical tissue by early sowing and removal of the sub-trees after the layer stacking process, even in the first-year seedlings, the phase transition to the transitional phase or the reproductive phase It was confirmed that it could be promoted. In particular, the treatment with uniconazole in July formed flower buds at around 70 nodes (see Table 1), so the transition from the juvenile phase to the transitional phase already occurred at 70 nodes 6 to 7 months after seedling germination. It was guessed that it had reached.

  Uniconazole treatment promoted flower bud differentiation and increased the number of flower buds (see FIG. 2 and Table 1). Conventionally, it has not been reported that uniconazole solution is effective in inducing flower bud differentiation of annual seedlings seeded for less than one year.

  As shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 3 and 4, uniconazole treatment decreased the lowest flower bud formation node. The root removal treatment induced flower buds only at the nodes formed after the treatment, whereas uniconazole treatment caused flower buds to form at lower nodes than the nodes at the time of treatment. However, uniconazole treatment suppressed the elongation of shoots after treatment and was about 90 nodes even at the highest node, so no flower bud formation was observed at the top of the treated node.

  The node that was most strongly suppressed by uniconazole treatment was a node that was actively elongated immediately after the treatment, and this node coincided with the concentrated part of flower bud formation. Gibberellin is related to the presence of transitional phase in the tree and inhibits flower bud differentiation of woody plants. Therefore, in the uniconazole-treated area, suppression of stem elongation by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis was also observed in the vicinity of 70 nodes in the transitional phase. It was thought that flower bud induction was caused.

  Moreover, the average tree height of the seedling seedlings according to the present invention was suppressed as compared to the seedling seedlings (control group) not subjected to the uniconazole solution adhesion treatment, and the internodes were shortened. Therefore, as shown in Table 1 and FIG. 3, the average tree height is 122 cm (Uniconazole) / 225 cm (Control) = 0.54 (54%), 175 cm (Root + Uniconazole) / 225 cm (Control) = The length was shortened to 0.78 (78%). In addition, the highest node was 89 (Uniconazole) / 113 (Control) = 0.79 (79%), 90 (Root + Uniconazole) / 113 (Control) = 0.80 (80%) It was.

  In addition, the seedling density (number of flower buds / total number of nodes) of the seedlings according to the present invention is 1 flower per 11.3 nodes in the uniconazole group, 1 flower per 11.5 nodes in the rooted + uniconazole group, In the control group, there was 1 flower per 65.6 nodes.

  In this invention, it was shown that flower bud differentiation is accelerated | stimulated by the uniconazole treatment to the peach 1-year-old seedling individual grown at an early stage. In some "Yaguchi" seedlings, even if they are not treated, some flower buds will differentiate in the first year. However, increasing the probability of an individual to increase the number of flowers and increasing the accuracy of flower and fruit trait surveys It was found that uniconazole treatment is effective and early sowing treatment is also useful. Furthermore, it was clarified that uniconazole treatment can differentiate buds that have already formed (buds in the transition phase), whereas root removal treatment does not induce side bud formation before treatment. .

[Experiment 3]
(Effects of paclobutrazol treatment on flower bud formation in seedlings)
After harvesting and enucleating the seeds of red peach 'Yaguchi' in the middle of November 2008, 5 seeds were placed in a petri dish with moistened filter paper and layered under 5 ° C dark moist conditions. Seeds rooted in the strata are sown in No. 5 pot (horticulture soil / black soil = 1: 1) in mid-December and early February 2009, with a minimum temperature of 12 ° C. Cultivated in a glass chamber maintained above. The subtrees from each node of the seedlings were removed by shoots.

  In April, the plants were planted (60 cm × 60 cm) in the field (black soil), and the sub-tops up to the lower 50 nodes were removed by sprouting. The seedlings were treated with paclobutrazol. The untreated group was used as a control group. Individuals that reached about 60 knots in early July were used for irrigation. The second treatment was performed as a spraying treatment in late July. There were 20 individuals per ward.

  In addition, the paclobutrazole treatment at this time is performed by using paclobutrazole wettable powder (“Nichibo Bounty Flowable”, Nippon Agricultural Chemicals Co., Ltd., component: 21.5% paclobutrazole) with 250 ppm of paclobutrazole. In the beginning of July, 20 mL of a 250 ppm paclobutrazole aqueous solution was irrigated per strain, and in the end of July, 40 mL of a 250 ppm paclobutrazol aqueous solution was sprayed.

(result)
In December 2009, the number of flower buds of all test individuals was examined with the naked eye. Table 2 shows the survey results of the average number of flower buds, flower bud formation nodes, and highest nodes in all individuals.

  The flower bud formation individual rate increased more than twice from 30% to 65%. The average number of flower buds also tended to increase from 3.9 to 6.1. Paclobutrazol treatment significantly reduced the lowest flower bud node from 84.0 to 75.6 and the average flower bud node from 89.3 to 78.2. The highest node position also tended to decrease from 100.8 to 92.2 by treatment with paclobutrazol. The effect of such paclobutrazol treatment has not been reported so far.

Claims (5)

Sowing seeds that have been treated for germination, sowing seedlings without allowing them to naturally diapause, until the seedlings have reached the transitional phase or the reproductive phase, and after reaching the transitional phase or the reproductive phase, before the flower bud differentiation stage performing adhesion processing of uniconazole solution, flowering method of seedlings, characterized in that. In the range of 50~500ppm the concentration of uniconazole the uniconazole solution, flowering method of seedlings according to claim 1. Performing the adhesion treatment with both Dan'ne processing, flowering method seedlings according to claim 1 or 2. The internodes compared to adhere processing not performed physical seedlings is shortened, and the maximum node position is 85% or less, the average tree height is below 80%, according to any one of claims 1 to 3 To flower seedling seedlings. A seedling flowered by the seedling seedling flowering method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the seedling planted at a high density from a transition phase exceeding the highest node position of the juvenile phase to a node position in the reproductive phase. Seedlings that are characterized by

Images