JP5367662B2 - 液晶組成物、それを用いた液晶パネル、および液晶シャッターメガネ - Google Patents
液晶組成物、それを用いた液晶パネル、および液晶シャッターメガネ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5367662B2 JP5367662B2 JP2010196983A JP2010196983A JP5367662B2 JP 5367662 B2 JP5367662 B2 JP 5367662B2 JP 2010196983 A JP2010196983 A JP 2010196983A JP 2010196983 A JP2010196983 A JP 2010196983A JP 5367662 B2 JP5367662 B2 JP 5367662B2
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 157
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005264 High molar mass liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 56
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- YSQGYEYXKXGAQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)COC(=O)C=C YSQGYEYXKXGAQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
- 230000005374 Kerr effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004986 Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ipazine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UWCWUCKPEYNDNV-LBPRGKRZSA-N 2,6-dimethyl-n-[[(2s)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]aniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC[C@H]1NCCC1 UWCWUCKPEYNDNV-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQCKIWWAEIOPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-methyl-4-[4-(6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexoxy)benzoyl]oxyphenyl] 4-(6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexoxy)benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC(=O)C=2C=CC(OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C)=CC=2)C(C)=CC=1OC(=O)C1=CC=C(OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C)C=C1 FQCKIWWAEIOPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003098 cholesteric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OVQQQQUJAGEBHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)OC(=O)C=C OVQQQQUJAGEBHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWRBVKNFOYUCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylpropan-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1C(=O)C(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 LWRBVKNFOYUCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIWRBSMFKVOJMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RIWRBSMFKVOJMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLQGITSKRNWIOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)furan-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=O)O1 ZLQGITSKRNWIOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGNVEXMJZVUWJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(C)(CC)N Chemical compound CCCC(C)(CC)N HGNVEXMJZVUWJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azobenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAUZCKBSTZFWCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N azoxybenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1[N+]([O-])=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GAUZCKBSTZFWCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JRXXLCKWQFKACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenylacetylene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JRXXLCKWQFKACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- UVEWQKMPXAHFST-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,1-diphenylmethanimine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 UVEWQKMPXAHFST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004351 phenylcyclohexyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1(CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
- C09K19/0275—Blue phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
- C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
Description
図8は、第1の実施例の液晶組成物を液晶層として用いた液晶パネルの斜視図である。液晶パネル1は画素や走査線や信号線などの配線がアレイ状に形成されたアレイ基板10と、所定の間隔でアレイ基板10と対向し、対向電極を有する対向基板20と、アレイ基板10と対向基板20の間に保持され、第1の実施形態で説明した液晶組成物で形成された液晶層30と、を有する。
画素電極105a表面には、絶縁性薄膜(不図示)が形成されている。アレイ基板10と対向基板20との間の距離が、より正確に所定の間隔に保たれるように、アレイ基板10と対向基板20の間にはスペーサー(不図示)が設けられている。
以下、液晶パネルの一実施例について説明する。
実施例1のパネルの誘電率異方性Δε=33〜50と求められた。一方、比較例1のパネルの誘電率異方性Δε=43〜90と求められた。フッ素置換した高分子を用いることによりセル全体の書き込み電荷量が下がることを確認した。これは、以下の理由によると考えられる。
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。
Claims (6)
- 前記R1は直鎖のアルキル基である請求項1に記載の液晶組成物。
- 前記高分子は、メソゲン基を含む第2の繰り返し単位を更に備える請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶組成物。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2010196983A JP5367662B2 (ja) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | 液晶組成物、それを用いた液晶パネル、および液晶シャッターメガネ |
US13/069,918 US8409468B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-03-23 | Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal panel using the same, and liquid crystal shutter glasses |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2010196983A JP5367662B2 (ja) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | 液晶組成物、それを用いた液晶パネル、および液晶シャッターメガネ |
Publications (2)
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JP2012052050A JP2012052050A (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
JP5367662B2 true JP5367662B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
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JP2010196983A Expired - Fee Related JP5367662B2 (ja) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | 液晶組成物、それを用いた液晶パネル、および液晶シャッターメガネ |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8409468B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5367662B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5367662B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-02 | 2013-12-11 | 株式会社東芝 | 液晶組成物、それを用いた液晶パネル、および液晶シャッターメガネ |
JP6081829B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2017-02-15 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 化合物、液晶組成物、および液晶表示装置 |
TWI496874B (zh) | 2012-06-26 | 2015-08-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 高分子安定化之光學等向性液晶配方及光學等向性液晶元件 |
JP5931656B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-05 | 2016-06-08 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 液晶表示装置 |
CN105885871B (zh) * | 2016-02-25 | 2018-05-08 | 江苏和成新材料有限公司 | 一种聚合性液晶组合物 |
CN109983398B (zh) * | 2016-11-18 | 2022-09-23 | 株式会社尼康 | 包含蓝相液晶的光学组件和制造这样的光学组件的方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
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JP3779937B2 (ja) | 2002-05-08 | 2006-05-31 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 光学変調素子用液晶材料 |
KR100649039B1 (ko) * | 2004-01-15 | 2006-11-27 | 샤프 가부시키가이샤 | 표시 소자 및 표시 장치, 및 표시 소자의 제조 방법 |
ATE410496T1 (de) * | 2004-08-10 | 2008-10-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallverbindungen, flüssigkristallmedium und flüssigkristallanzeige |
JP4972858B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-24 | 2012-07-11 | Jnc株式会社 | 高分子と光学活性な液晶材料からなる複合体 |
WO2006063662A1 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-22 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid crystal system and liquid crystal display |
ATE390470T1 (de) * | 2005-02-14 | 2008-04-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Mesogene verbindungen, flüssigkristallines medium und flüssigkristallanzeigevorrichtung |
KR101492280B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-24 | 2015-02-12 | 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 | 사이클로헥실렌 반응성 메소젠 및 이의 용도 |
JP5378696B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-29 | 2013-12-25 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 高分子/液晶複合材料および液晶表示素子 |
DE602008003417D1 (de) * | 2007-03-30 | 2010-12-23 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Doppelbrechungs-polymerfolie mit negativer optischer dispersion |
WO2009039937A1 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Mesogenic dimers |
JP5238571B2 (ja) | 2009-03-25 | 2013-07-17 | 株式会社東芝 | 液晶表示装置 |
DE102011015546A1 (de) * | 2010-04-26 | 2012-01-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Polymerisierbare Verbindungen und ihre Verwendung in Flüssigkristallmedien und Flüssigkristallanzeigen |
JP5367662B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-02 | 2013-12-11 | 株式会社東芝 | 液晶組成物、それを用いた液晶パネル、および液晶シャッターメガネ |
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2010
- 2010-09-02 JP JP2010196983A patent/JP5367662B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-03-23 US US13/069,918 patent/US8409468B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US8409468B2 (en) | 2013-04-02 |
JP2012052050A (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
US20120057086A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
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