JP5339575B2 - Heat reduction device for living space - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve problems wherein the reuse of an exterior member having a net structure is impossible because the exterior member is completely attached to an outer surface of a building and a summer heat reducing device cannot be used in a living space other than the outer surface of the building, although a conventional summer heat reducing device for preventing temperature on the outer surface of the building from rising by attaching the exterior member to the outer surface of the building and spraying water over it is available. <P>SOLUTION: This summer heat reducing device in the living space is constituted by holding a membrane-like body 2 having excellent water permeability and air permeability on at least solar radiation side in the living space like a screen and arranging a water supply part 3 in its upper part. The membrane-like body having water permeability and air permeability is put on a projecting part of a roof having a folding plate structure, a recessed part of the roof is constituted as a water storage part, and the water supply part is arranged in the upper part of this device. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat relaxation device for a living space such as a building or a plaza.

  Due to the heat island phenomenon, which has become a major social problem in recent years, the daytime temperature during summer sunny days has risen sharply, and the number of transporters to medical institutions due to heat stroke occurring both indoors and outdoors has increased. .

  In order to relieve the heat of such living spaces, it has been conventionally practiced to relieve heat by the heat of vaporization of water, such as so-called watering exercises on outdoor roads and the like. .

For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a technique in which a temperature increase on the outer surface of a building is suppressed by heat of vaporization of water by attaching a mesh-structured exterior member to the outer surface of the building and spraying water.
JP 2007-177616 A

However, the one described in Patent Document 1 cannot be reused because the exterior member is attached to the outer surface of the building, and cannot be used for a living space other than the outer surface of the building.
The present invention aims to solve such problems.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, in the present invention, first, a residence having a structure in which a membrane-like body having water permeability and air permeability is held in a partition shape at least on the solar radiation side, and a water supply unit is arranged on the upper portion. Propose a space heat alleviation device.

  And in this invention, the heat relaxation apparatus of the living space which comprised the water supply part as a pipe | tube provided with the water leak hole in the said structure, and wound the film-like body around it and supported it in the shape of a partition is proposed. .

  Furthermore, the present invention proposes a heat mitigating device for a living space having a structure in which the water supply section is used as a ridge, and a film-like body is wound around and supported in the form of a screen in the above configuration.

  Furthermore, the present invention proposes a heat relaxation device for a living space in which a membrane-like body having water permeability and air permeability is held at least on the solar radiation side of the living space in a roof shape, and a water supply unit is disposed on the upper portion.

  Further, in the present invention, a film-like body having water permeability and air permeability is placed on the convex part of the roof of the folded plate structure of the building constituting the living space, and the concave part is configured as a water storage part, We propose a heat relief device for the living space with a water supply section.

  And in this invention, the heat relaxation apparatus of the living space which provided the water guide member in the storage part from the membranous body in said structure is proposed.

  In the heat relaxation device for a living space of the present invention according to claim 1 or claim 4, the film-like body held in a partition or roof shape shields solar radiation and water supplied from the water supply part to the film-like body As the temperature evaporates, the temperature is lowered and the temperature in the vicinity is lowered, so that the heat in the adjacent living space can be mitigated. In particular, when there is a wind, the hot air upstream of the membranous body cools down when it passes through the membranous body and flows downstream. Can create a warm environment.

  A water supply part is comprised as a pipe | tube or a trough, and a film-like body can be easily hold | maintained in a partition state by winding a film-like body around this. In this case, water can be supplied from the water supply unit to the membrane-like body by providing a water leakage hole at an appropriate place in the pipe, and in the tub by overflow from its upper edge.

  Next, in the heat relaxation device for living space according to the present invention as set forth in claim 5, the film-like body is installed by effectively using a roof of a folded plate structure of a building, for example, a temporary building, and a water storage portion is provided. Thus, the heat applied to the roof can be mitigated by shielding the solar radiation by the membrane and the heat of vaporization of water.

  In this case, according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the water accumulated in the reservoir rises and penetrates to the membrane by the water guide member, so that it is possible to utilize the heat of vaporization without wasting the water fed from the water feeder. it can.

  In the present invention described above, the membrane is not attached to the outer surface of the building but is held in a partition or roof, so that the construction is easy and can be reused. In addition, as the film-like body, a net (net) or cloth (woven fabric, non-woven fabric) that is generally used for preventing fall at a construction site or ball prevention such as a plaza can be used. At the same time, the heat can be effectively relieved at a very low cost.

Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, FIG. 1 conceptually shows an embodiment of the installed state of the heat relaxation apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a building, and the interior and surroundings of this building are living spaces. Reference numeral 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) is a film-like body having water permeability and air permeability. This film-like body 2 is used, for example, for preventing falling at a construction site or for preventing a ball such as a square. A net or cloth can be used.

  The heat relaxation device of the present invention has a configuration in which the film-like body 2 is supported in a partition shape or a roof shape, and a water supply unit 3 is provided in the upper part. That is, the film-like bodies 2a and 2b are held in the form of a partition at intervals on the left and right sides of the building 1 in the drawing, and the film-like body 2c is arranged in a roof shape at intervals on the upper side in the figure. keeping. And the water supply part, for example, the water supply pipe 3, is hold | maintained above these film-like bodies 2. FIG. Reference numeral 4 denotes a person, and reference numeral 5 denotes an air-cooled air-conditioning outdoor unit.

Next, FIG. 2 conceptually shows another embodiment of the installation state of the heat relaxation apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure, symbol f indicates a plaza, a playground, etc., and the membrane-like body 2 is held in the form of a partition at the boundary of the site, and the water supply unit 3 is provided at the top. Reference numeral 6 denotes a fence base provided along the site boundary.

  In the heat relaxation device for living space of the present invention installed in this way, the membrane 2 held in a partition or roof shape shields solar radiation and is supplied from the water supply unit 3 to the membrane 2. Since the temperature is lowered by the evaporation of water and the temperature in the vicinity is lowered, the heat in the adjacent living space can be mitigated.

  In particular, when there is a wind, the hot air upstream of the film-like body 2 flows downstream as the temperature decreases when it passes through the film-like body 2, so that it becomes a cool wind, and this downstream side A comfortable thermal environment can be configured. Such an advantage becomes remarkable when, for example, a person is in a passage between the building 1 and the film-like body 2b in FIG. 1 or when a person is in a plaza or a playground as shown in FIG.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the membrane-like body 2 is disposed in front of the air-cooled air-conditioning outdoor unit 5, so that high-temperature exhaust from the air-cooled air-conditioning outdoor unit 5 passes through the membrane-like body 2 during cooling. Discharged. For this reason, the temperature of the hot exhaust gas can be lowered, and this is also effective as a countermeasure against heat island. In FIG. 1, a broken arrow heading from the roof of the building 1 toward the film-like body 2c in the shape of a roof constitutes a water storage section on the roof of the building 1 as will be described later. This shows a state in which water is supplied to the membrane-like body using the capillary phenomenon.

3 to 9 show an embodiment of a configuration for holding the film-like body 2 in a screen-like shape.
First, in FIG. 3, the water supply unit 3 is a pipe provided with a water leak hole (not shown), and the membrane 2 is wound around the water supply unit 3 and the overlapping portions are sandwiched between plates 7a made of vinyl chloride or the like arranged on both sides. In this state, by fixing with a fixing member 7b such as a bolt, the membrane-like body 2 can be held in a partition shape with the water supply portion 3 as a holding member. In this configuration, the water flowing through the pipe serving as the water supply unit 3 leaks from a water leakage hole provided at an appropriate place and is supplied to the film-like body 2, and permeates and spreads into the film-like body 2 due to a capillary phenomenon or the like. Evaporate.

  In FIG. 4, the water supply unit 3 is a trough, and the membrane 2 is wound around the water supply unit 3 in the same manner as described above, and the overlapped portion is sandwiched between plates 7 a made of vinyl chloride or the like arranged on both sides. By fixing with the fixing member 7b, the film-like body 2 can be held in a partition shape with the water supply portion 3 as a holding member even in this configuration. In this configuration, the water flowing through the ridge as the water supply unit 3 overflows from the upper edge and is supplied to the film-like body 2, penetrates by capillary action or the like, spreads to the film-like body 2, and evaporates.

  3 and 4 can be applied when the membrane 2 is a relatively fine mesh cloth. When the membrane 2 is a coarse mesh net, The configurations shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be applied.

  That is, in FIG. 5, the water supply part 3 is a pipe | tube which provided the water leak hole (illustration omitted) similarly to FIG. 3, the film-like body 2 is wound around the water supply part 3, and the binding string 7c as a fixing member for every mesh | network. The membrane-like body 2 can be held in the form of a partition using the water supply part 3 as a holding member. In this configuration, the water flowing through the pipe serving as the water supply unit 3 leaks from a water leakage hole provided at an appropriate place and is supplied to the film-like body 2, and permeates and spreads into the film-like body 2 due to a capillary phenomenon or the like. Evaporate. In FIG. 6, the water supply unit 3 is a trough, and the membrane-like body 2 can be held in the form of a partition by the water supply unit 3 like the pipe. And in this structure, the water which flows through the ridge as the water supply part 3 overflows from the upper edge, is supplied to the film-like body 2, and permeates by a capillary phenomenon etc., spreads to the film-like body 2 and evaporates.

Further, FIGS. 7 to 9 show still another embodiment of the structure for holding the membrane-like body 2 in a screen-like shape.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the end of the membrane-like body 2 is attached to the mounting rod 8 in advance, and the pipe 3 constituting the water supply section 3 is slit 3 in the length direction. 'Form.
In this configuration, first, with the slit 3 ′ facing downward as shown in FIG. 8, the mounting rod 8 is inserted into the pipe constituting the water supply unit 3 with the membrane 2 aligned with the slit 3 ′, In this state, as shown in FIG. 9, the water supply unit 3 is rotated halfway so that the slit 3 'faces upward, and the water supply unit 3 is fixed in this state, whereby the membrane-like body 2 can be held in a screen shape. . In this configuration, the water flowing through the pipe serving as the water supply unit 3 overflows from the upper slit 3 ′ and is supplied to the film-like body 2, penetrates by capillary action or the like, spreads to the film-like body 2, and evaporates. .

Next, FIGS. 10 to 17 show an embodiment in which the heat relaxation device of the present invention is applied to a roof of a folded plate structure of a building.
In FIG. 10, the code | symbol 9 shows the roof of a folded-plate structure, 10 shows a ceiling.
In this embodiment, the film-like body 2 having the same water permeability and breathability as described above is placed on the convex portion 11 of the roof 9 having a folded plate structure, and the concave portion is configured as the water storage portion 12. The water supply unit 3 is arranged at the top. The water storage unit 12 can be configured by installing a weir plate (not shown) at the end of the roof 9 having a folded plate structure, and stores in the storage unit 12 by adjusting the height of the weir plate. The amount of water can be set.

  In this embodiment, a water guide member 13 is provided from the film-like body 2 to the storage portion 12. This water guide member 13 is configured by protruding a water permeable rod 15 on a water permeable sheet 14 as shown in FIG. 11, and as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. The body 15 is installed so as to penetrate from the upper side of the film-like body 2 placed on the convex portion 11 of the roof 9 having a folded plate structure to reach the storage portion 12.

  In FIG. 11, the sheet 14 has a strip shape, and rod bodies 15 are projected at predetermined intervals in the length direction of the strip shape. However, as shown in FIG. It can also be set as the structure which projected 15 vertically and horizontally. As another configuration, as shown in FIG. 13, the water guide member 13 provided with an independent sheet 14 for each rod 15 is individually penetrated from the upper side of the film-like body 2 to reach the storage portion 12 and installed. It can also be set as the structure to do.

  FIG. 14 shows another embodiment of the water guide member 13, and this water guide member 13 is different from those shown in FIGS. 10 to 13 and has only the rod 15 having no sheet 14 and having water permeability. It is configured. The rod body 15 can be fixed to the film-like body 2 by constituting a flange-like portion or by being configured to be, for example, several mm larger than the mesh size of the film-like body 2. Since the rod 15 used in this way absorbs water and its own weight increases, it is difficult to come off.

  15 to 17 show still another embodiment of the water guide member 13. The water guide member 13 has a part of the film-like body 2 cut out, and the cut piece 16 is suspended and stored. This leads to part 12. The shape of the notch piece 16 is appropriate such as a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 16 or a triangular shape as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, in this embodiment, since the film-like body 2 is configured to reach the concave portion from the convex portion 11 through the adjacent convex portion 11, the film reaching the concave portion, that is, the storage portion 12. The end of the body 2 also has a function as a water guiding member.

  Returning to FIG. 10, the components in the figure will be described. Reference numeral 17 denotes a rainwater storage tank, and a water supply path 18 extending from the rainwater storage tank 17 to the water supply unit 3 is configured. 19 and a valve 20 are provided, and the pump 19 is driven by electric power from the solar power generation device 21. On the other hand, an excess water path 22 from the storage section 12 of the roof 9 to the rainwater storage tank 17 and a water supply path 23 connected to the water supply are provided.

  Since the operation of such a configuration in the figure is self-explanatory, detailed description is omitted. In this embodiment, rainwater is used, and the water is replenished when the rainwater is depleted. However, it is also possible to use only the water without using the rainwater. Moreover, the drive of the pump 19 can also utilize the water supply control methods, such as constant flow control by general electric power, without using a solar power generation device.

  In the above configuration, the water supplied from the water supply unit 3 to the film-like body 2 spreads to the film-like body 2 by capillary action and is evaporated, and a part of the water is accumulated in the reservoir 12 in the recess. And the water collected in the storage part 12 is supplied to the film-like body 2 through the water guide member 13 by the capillary phenomenon, and is subjected to evaporation.

  In this way, the membrane 2 shields the solar radiation incident on the roof of the building 1, and the water supplied from the water supply unit 3 to the membrane 2 evaporates to lower the temperature, thereby reducing the ambient temperature. The heat of the living space in the building 1 can be reduced by lowering the temperature of the roof of the building.

FIGS. 17 (a) and 17 (b) show the results of experiments conducted to confirm the effect of the heat relaxation device of the present invention.
In the experiment, a 1.8m square panel with a white galvanized steel sheet laminated on the surface of a 3cm thick insulator was installed facing south, and the state (referred to as the conventional specification) and 0.9m in front of the panel A film-like body, in this case, a net with a joint size of 1.5 cm is arranged, and three types of test bodies are in a state where water is not supplied to the net (referred to as countermeasure A) and a state where water is supplied (referred to as countermeasure B). The temperature was measured in each of these and compared. As a result of the measurement, the amount of water evaporated is about 0.2 to 0.4 mm / h, so the amount of cooling heat due to water evaporation from the net is about 150 to 300 W / m ² . Further, since the evaporation amount of water when the net is horizontally disposed is about 0.3 to 0.5 mm / h, the heat of cooling due to the evaporation of water from the net is about 200 to 350 W / m ² .

  The measurement result of the net temperature is as shown in FIG. According to FIG. 17A, the temperature of the net shows a tendency that the temperatures of the nets of the countermeasure A and the countermeasure B slightly increase with the increase in the amount of solar radiation incident on the net. Countermeasure A was about 24 ° C to 33 ° C, whereas Countermeasure B was about 19 ° C to 26 ° C, and the difference between the two was about 9 ° C at the maximum. From this, it can be seen that the decrease in the temperature of the net due to water supply to the net is about 9 ° C.

On the other hand, the measurement result of the surface temperature of the panel, that is, the surface temperature of the galvanized steel sheet is as shown in FIG. According to FIG. 17B, the surface temperature of the panel shows a positive correlation with respect to the amount of solar radiation incident on the net for all the three types of test specimens. When the amount of solar radiation incident on the net increases, the panel surface temperatures of the three types of specimens differ, and when the amount of solar radiation incident is 600 W / m ² , the conventional specification is the highest and is about 33 ° C to 43 ° C. A was as high as about 30 ° C. to 40 ° C., and measure B was the lowest as about 27 ° C. to 37 ° C. From the above experimental results, the decrease in the panel surface temperature due to solar shading of the net is about 3 ° C, and the decrease in the panel surface temperature due to water supply to the net is further reduced by about 3 ° C, compared to the conventional specification. The temperature dropped by about 6 ° C.

  Next, FIG. 18 shows the result of measuring the temperature reduction effect by water supply to the net. In this measurement, the net was installed southward in the same manner as described above, and the air temperature on the front side of the net, that is, the incident side and the back side of solar radiation was measured. The measurements were taken on both days 21 September and 22 September, and the water was supplied only from 10:00 to 16:00 on September 21.

  As a result of the measurement, there was almost no difference in the temperature between the front and back of the net in the daytime period on September 22 when water supply was not performed, while the daytime on September 21 when water was supplied There was a difference in temperature of up to about 2 ° C over time. This shows that the temperature on the back side of the net is lowered by the heat of vaporization of water when water is supplied to the net.

Next, the results of evaluating the effect of reducing the amount of power for air conditioning when the heat relaxation device of the present invention is applied by calculation using a temporary building at a construction site as an example are as follows.
1. Main calculation conditions a. Building dimensions: length 14.4m x width 7.2m x height 2.3m (longitudinal direction: north-south, 1 floor above ground)
b. Window: 4 transparent 3mm glasses with width 1.8m x height 0.6m each in the east-west longitudinal direction c. Outside temperature: 32 ° C, indoor set temperature 28 ° C
d. Internal heat generation: Personnel density 0.2 person / m ² , Sensible heat 55 W / person, Equipment heat generation 30 W / m ² , Lighting heat generation 20 W / m ²
e. Air conditioner usage time: 900h (60% load factor)
f. Air conditioner COP: 3
g. A net is set up on the entire surface of the building, and water is supplied to the entire net. (Water supply 5mm / day)
2. Calculation results As a result of the calculation under the above calculation conditions and the amount of cooling heat due to moisture evaporation from the net described above, if the net is set up on the entire outer periphery of the building and water is supplied over the entire net, the net is set up. It was calculated that a power reduction of about 630 kWh could be obtained compared to the case without.

In addition to the embodiment described above, the following embodiment is possible in the heat relaxation apparatus of the present invention.
1. Using a net as a membrane, for example, growing a vine plant such as morning glory or Hedera planting on the net, creating a synergistic effect such as a beauty factory along with sun-shielding and heat mitigation effect due to moisture evaporation it can.
2. The heat relaxation effect can be made variable by overlapping the film-like body, adjusting the size of the eyes, and adjusting the thickness.
3. The dust adhering to the film-like body can be cleaned by water supply.

  The present invention has many effects as described above, and can be easily installed in a building (including a temporary building), a plaza or the like, and can efficiently reduce the heat of those living spaces.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 conceptually shows an embodiment of an installed state of a heat relief device of the present invention. The other embodiment of the installation state of the heat relaxation apparatus of this invention is shown notionally. 1 shows an embodiment of a configuration for holding a film-like body in a partition shape. Another embodiment of a configuration for holding a film-like body in a partition shape is shown. Still another embodiment of the structure for holding the film-like body in the form of a screen is shown. Still another embodiment of the structure for holding the film-like body in the form of a screen is shown. Still another embodiment of the structure for holding the film-like body in the form of a screen is shown. In the structure of FIG. 7, the process which hold | maintains a film-like body in the shape of a screen is shown. In the structure of FIG. 7, the state which hold | maintained the film-like body in the shape of a screen is shown. The embodiment which applied the heat relaxation apparatus of this invention to the roof of the folded-plate structure of a building is shown. An embodiment of a water guide member is shown. The other embodiment of a water guide member is shown. Another embodiment of a water guide member is shown. Another embodiment of a water guide member is shown. Another embodiment of a water guide member is shown. Another embodiment of a water guide member is shown. Another embodiment of a water guide member is shown. The experimental result performed in order to confirm the effect of the heat relaxation apparatus of this invention is shown. The result of measuring the temperature reduction effect by water supply to the net is shown.

Explanation of symbols

1 Building 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) Membrane 3 Water supply section (pipe, fence)
3 'Slit 4 Person 5 Air-cooled air-conditioning outdoor unit 6 Base 7a Plate 7b Fixing member 7c Binding string 8 Mounting rod 9 Folded plate roof 10 Ceiling 11 Convex part 12 Water storage part (concave part)
13 Water guide member 14 Sheet 15 Rod 16 Notch piece 17 Rain water storage tank 18 Water supply path 19 Pump 20 Valve 21 Solar power generation device 22 Surplus water path 23 Supplement water supply path f Square, playground, etc.

Claims (3)

A membrane that has water permeability and air permeability on at least the solar radiation side of a residential space such as a building or a plaza, etc. is held in a screen shape so as to shield the solar radiation into the residential space without being attached to the building. A heat relaxation device for a living space, characterized in that a water supply section is arranged. The heat relaxation device for a living space according to claim 1, wherein the water supply section is a pipe provided with a water leakage hole, and the membrane-like body is wound around and supported by the pipe and held in a partition shape. 2. The heat relaxation device for a living space according to claim 1, wherein the water supply portion is a ridge, and the film-like body is wound around and supported by the ridge and held in a partition shape.

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