JP5276906B2 - Blood purification equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blood purifying device capable of recognizing a defect in a priming stage before a treatment when the defect such as a break occurs in a blood purifying film, and precisely obtaining an ultrafiltration ratio. <P>SOLUTION: In the blood purifying device, a priming liquid filling process is performed for supplying a priming liquid to blood circuits before a dialysis treatment so as to fill the blood circuits with the priming liquid. An ultrafiltration ratio measuring process is performed which obtains the ultrafiltration ratio of the blood purifying film in a dialyzer 3 in a state where the blood flow passage of the dialyzer 3 is filled with the priming liquid in the priming liquid filling process and also the dialysis liquid flow passage of the dialyzer 3 is filled with a dialysis liquid. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus for purifying a patient's blood while circulating it extracorporeally, such as dialysis treatment using a dialyzer.

  Generally, at the time of dialysis treatment, a blood circuit for circulating the collected patient's blood extracorporeally and returning it to the body is used. Such a blood circuit is, for example, a dialyzer (blood purification means) having a hollow fiber membrane. It is mainly composed of an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit that can be connected to each other. An arterial puncture needle and a venous puncture needle are attached to the tips of the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit, respectively, and are punctured by the patient to perform extracorporeal circulation of blood in dialysis treatment.

  Among these, the arterial blood circuit is provided with a squeezed blood pump, and by driving the blood pump, blood is sent from the patient's body to the dialyzer side, while the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood are supplied. An arterial drip chamber and a venous drip chamber are connected to the circuit so that blood is returned to the patient's body after defoaming.

  In addition, a priming solution supply line (saline solution line) for supplying physiological saline at the time of priming or blood return is provided upstream of the blood pump in the arterial blood circuit (that is, the arterial puncture needle side). It is connected via a T-shaped tube or the like, so that prior to dialysis treatment, priming can be performed by flowing and filling physiological saline (priming solution) into the blood circuit and components such as the drip chamber connected to the blood circuit. It is configured.

However, the ultrafiltration rate (UFR) of the blood purification means (dialyzer) is continuously measured and monitored during treatment. Thereby, the ultrafiltration failure by the clogging of the dialysis membrane of a dialyzer, etc. is grasped, and the malfunction resulting from the ultrafiltration failure can be avoided. Note that a dialysis apparatus for obtaining an ultrafiltration rate of a dialyzer is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
JP-A-5-68710

  However, in the conventional blood purification apparatus, the blood purification membrane in a state where blood flows in the blood flow path of the blood purification means and dialysate flows in the dialysate flow path (that is, a state during dialysis treatment). Since the ultrafiltration rate is obtained, for example, when a defect such as breakage occurs in the blood purification membrane, the defect is not recognized until dialysis treatment is performed. Thus, in order to replace the blood purification means and start treatment again, the preparation step such as priming has to be performed again, which requires a long time.

  Further, in the conventional blood purification apparatus, the ultrafiltration rate in the blood of the patient circulated extracorporeally at the time of treatment (this is referred to as “blood UFR” for convenience) is obtained, but the blood state differs or is the same for each patient. Since blood states such as hematocrit values vary from patient to patient, the blood UFR is not constant, and it is difficult to determine whether or not it is abnormal by measuring this blood UFR.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and when a defect such as breakage occurs in the blood purification membrane, the defect can be grasped at the priming stage before treatment, and the ultrafiltration rate is increased. An object of the present invention is to provide a blood purification apparatus capable of accurately obtaining the above.

The invention according to claim 1 is composed of an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit, a blood circuit capable of extracorporeally circulating a patient's blood from the tip of the arterial blood circuit to the tip of the venous blood circuit, and the blood A blood flow path that is interposed between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit of the circuit to purify blood flowing through the blood circuit, and through which a patient's blood flows through a blood purification film for purifying the blood; Blood purification means having a dialysate flow path through which the dialysate flows, a blood pump disposed in the arterial blood circuit, and dialysate introduction connected to the dialysate flow path inlet and outlet of the blood purification means comprising a line and a dialysate discharge line, the arterial blood circuit and a venous prior treatment of conditions leading end is not punctured into the patient's blood circuit by supplying the priming solution into the blood circuit in the blood circuit The blood purification apparatus priming of filling is performed in a state in which the dialysate is filled with priming fluid is filled in the blood channel of the hand the blood purification means to the Puraimin grayed the dialysate flow path of the blood purification means In addition, the present invention is characterized by comprising a calculation means for obtaining an ultrafiltration rate of the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to the first aspect, the computing means is a priming solution or dialysis between the blood flow path and the dialysate flow path through the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means. A transmembrane differential pressure of the blood purification membrane when the liquid is filtered is obtained, and an ultrafiltration rate of the blood purification membrane is obtained based on the transmembrane differential pressure.

The invention according to claim 3 is the blood purification apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means for measuring a fluid pressure of the priming fluid in any part of the blood circuit, and the dialysate introduction line or Dialysate-side fluid pressure measuring means for measuring the fluid pressure of the dialysate at any part of the dialysate discharge line, and the computing means is a fluid pressure measured by the priming fluid-side fluid pressure measuring means. And the fluid pressure measured by the dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means is used to determine the transmembrane pressure difference.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to the third aspect, the computing means includes a portion where the priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measuring means measures the hydraulic pressure and a dialysate side hydraulic pressure measuring means determines the hydraulic pressure. From the value obtained by subtracting the measured value by the priming fluid side hydraulic pressure measuring means and the measured value by the dialysis fluid side hydraulic pressure measuring means while obtaining the head differential pressure caused by the head difference from the measurement site The transmembrane pressure difference is obtained by subtracting the head pressure difference.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to the third or fourth aspect, the priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measuring means is provided in a venous drip chamber disposed in the middle of the venous blood circuit. The dialysis fluid side fluid pressure measuring means is composed of a second sensor that is disposed in the middle of the dialysis fluid discharge line and measures the fluid pressure.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the blood purification apparatus according to the fifth aspect, wherein the priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means measures a fluid pressure in the middle of the arterial blood circuit in addition to the first sensor. In addition to the sensor, the dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means includes a fourth sensor for measuring a fluid pressure in the middle of the dialysate introduction line in addition to the second sensor.

The invention according to claim 7 is the blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ultrafiltration rate obtained by the computing means is larger than a preset specified value. It is characterized by having an informing means capable of informing.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the blood purification apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the specified value is a difference from time series data of an ultrafiltration rate obtained and accumulated every past dialysis. And

  The invention according to claim 9 is the blood purification apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the specified value is a difference from the predicted data of the ultrafiltration rate inputted in advance.

According to the present invention, in a state in which the dialysate to the dialysate flow path of the blood purification means is filled with the priming liquid is filled into the blood flow path of the blood purification means Te in Puraimin grayed, the blood purification Since the calculation means for obtaining the ultrafiltration rate of the blood purification membrane of the means is provided , if there is a malfunction such as breakage in the blood purification membrane, the malfunction can be grasped at the priming stage before treatment. The outer filtration rate can be obtained with high accuracy.

According to the invention of claim 2, the computing means is the blood purification membrane when the priming solution or the dialysate is filtered between the blood channel and the dialysate channel via the blood purification membrane of the blood purification unit. Since the ultrafiltration rate of the blood purification membrane is obtained based on the transmembrane pressure difference, the ultrafiltration rate can be obtained easily and accurately.

According to the invention of claim 3, the calculating means obtains the transmembrane pressure difference based on the fluid pressure measured by the priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring device and the fluid pressure measured by the dialysis fluid side fluid pressure measuring device. Therefore, the ultrafiltration rate can be obtained by the calculation means using the existing method (existing calculation method or the like).

  According to the invention of claim 4, the membrane is obtained by subtracting the head differential pressure from the value obtained by subtracting the measured value by the priming fluid side hydraulic pressure measuring means and the measured value by the dialysis fluid side hydraulic pressure measuring means. Since the differential pressure is obtained, the error due to the head differential pressure can be eliminated, and the ultrafiltration rate can be obtained more accurately.

According to the invention of claim 5, the priming fluid side hydraulic pressure measuring means comprises the first sensor for measuring the fluid pressure in the venous drip chamber disposed in the middle of the venous side blood circuit, and the dialysis fluid side. The fluid pressure measuring means is composed of a second sensor that is disposed in the middle of the dialysate discharge line and measures the fluid pressure. Therefore, the ultrafiltration rate is calculated by the computing means while using the configuration of the existing dialysis purification apparatus almost as it is. Can be requested.

According to the invention of claim 6, the priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means comprises the third sensor for measuring the fluid pressure in the middle of the arterial blood circuit in addition to the first sensor, and the dialysis fluid side fluid pressure measuring means. Since the fourth sensor that measures the fluid pressure in the middle of the dialysate introduction line in addition to the second sensor, the ultrafiltration rate in the calculation means can be obtained with higher accuracy.

According to the seventh aspect of the invention, when the ultrafiltration rate obtained by the computing means is larger than a preset specified value, the blood purification membrane has a defect such as breakage because it is provided with a notifying means capable of notifying it. Can occur, the failure can be grasped more accurately and reliably at the priming stage before treatment.

  According to the inventions of claims 8 and 9, the specified value is a difference from the time-series data of the ultrafiltration rate obtained and accumulated every past dialysis, or the ultrafiltration rate inputted in advance. Therefore, if a defect such as breakage occurs in the blood purification membrane, the defect can be grasped more accurately at the priming stage before treatment.

The first embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.
The blood purification apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a dialysis apparatus for performing dialysis treatment. As shown in FIG. 1, a blood circuit including an arterial blood circuit 1 and a venous blood circuit 2, and an arterial blood. A dialyzer 3 (blood purification means) interposed between the circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 to purify blood flowing through the blood circuit; a squeezing blood pump 4 disposed in the arterial blood circuit 1; A venous drip chamber 5 disposed in the middle of the venous blood circuit 2, a containing means 7 containing physiological saline as a priming liquid, and a priming solution connecting the containing means 7 and the arterial blood circuit 1 It is mainly composed of a supply line Lc, a first sensor P1 (priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means) and a second sensor P2 (dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means), an arithmetic means 9 and an informing means 10. .

  An arterial puncture needle a is connected to the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 via a connector c, while a venous puncture needle b is connected to the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 2 via a connector d. In addition, the venous drip chamber 5 is connected on the way. Then, when the blood pump 4 is driven with the patient punctured with the arterial puncture needle a and the venous puncture needle b, the patient's blood passes through the arterial blood circuit 1 and reaches the dialyzer 3, Blood purification is performed by the dialyzer 3, and air bubbles are removed in the venous drip chamber 5, and then returned to the patient's body through the venous blood circuit 2. That is, the blood of the patient is purified by the dialyzer 3 while circulating externally from the tip of the arterial blood circuit 1 to the tip of the venous blood circuit 2 of the blood circuit.

  The dialyzer 3 includes a blood inlet 3a (blood inlet port), a blood outlet 3b (blood outlet port), a dialysate inlet 3c (dialysate inlet port), and a dialysate outlet 3d (dialysate). A blood outlet port 3a is connected to the arterial blood circuit 1, and the blood outlet port 3b is connected to the venous blood circuit 2. The dialysate inlet 3c and dialysate outlet 3d are respectively connected to a dialysate inlet line La and a dialysate outlet line Lb extending from the dialyzer body.

  A plurality of hollow fibers (not shown) are accommodated in the dialyzer 3, and these hollow fibers constitute a blood purification membrane for purifying blood. Thus, the dialyzer 3 is formed with a blood flow path through which the patient's blood flows and a dialysate flow path through which the dialysate flows through the blood purification membrane. The hollow fiber constituting the blood purification membrane is formed with a large number of minute holes (pores) penetrating the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface to form a hollow fiber membrane, and blood is passed through the membrane. It is configured so that wastes and the like therein can permeate into the dialysate.

  The compound pump 6 (reciprocating pump) is disposed across the dialysate introduction line La and the dialysate discharge line Lb in the dialyzer body, and the dialyzer body includes a patient flowing through the dialyzer 3. A water removal pump 8 is provided for removing water from the blood. The water removal pump 8 is formed in the middle of the water removal line Ld formed so as to bypass the double pump 6 in the dialysate discharge line Lb. By driving the water removal pump 8, the duplex pump 6 is of a fixed type (the amount of dialysate to be introduced and the amount of dialysate to be discharged is substantially equal), so the amount of dialysate introduced from the dialysate introduction line La As a result, the volume of the liquid discharged from the dialysate discharge line Lb increases, and water is removed (dehydrated) from the blood by the larger volume.

  Furthermore, one end of the dialysate introduction line La is connected to the dialyzer 3 (dialyte introduction port 3c), and the other end is connected to a dialysate supply device (not shown) for preparing a predetermined concentration of dialysate. In addition, one end of the dialysate discharge line Lb is connected to the dialyzer 3 (dialysate outlet 3d) and the other end is connected to a drainage means (not shown), which is supplied from the dialysate supply device. After the dialysate reaches the dialyzer 3 through the dialysate introduction line La, it is sent to the drainage means through the dialysate discharge line Lb.

  The storage means 7 (so-called “saline bag”) is made of a flexible transparent container and can store a predetermined volume of physiological saline (priming solution). It is attached to the tip of a pole (not shown). The priming liquid supply line Lc is connected to a portion (connecting portion P) between the arterial puncture needle a and the blood pump 4 in the arterial blood circuit 1, and the physiological saline (priming liquid) in the storage means 7 is supplied to the blood circuit. Can be supplied inside. The priming liquid supply line Lc is formed with an electromagnetic valve V1 that can arbitrarily open and close the flow path.

  The first sensor P1 (priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measuring means) is for measuring the hydraulic pressure in the venous drip chamber 5 disposed in the middle of the venous blood circuit 2, for example, the venous drip chamber 5 The pressure (pressure and fluid pressure) in the venous blood circuit 2 can be measured by measuring the pressure in the venous drip chamber 5. . With this first sensor P1, the pressure (fluid pressure) of blood flowing in the venous blood circuit 2 at the time of treatment can be measured.

The second sensor P2 (dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means) is arranged in the middle of the dialysate discharge line Lb to measure the fluid pressure, and is formed at the tip of a tube extending from the dialysate discharge line Lb, for example. The fluid pressure at the site can be measured. With this second sensor P2, the pressure of the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line Lb at the time of treatment can be measured. The first sensor P1 and the second sensor P2 are electrically connected to, for example, the calculation means 9 disposed in the dialysis apparatus body, and the calculation means 9 and the notification means 10 are electrically connected. .

  Prior to dialysis treatment, the dialysis device (blood purification device) as described above connects the connectors c and d to form a closed circuit, and a blood circuit (the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous side) through the priming fluid supply line Lc. A priming solution filling step is performed in which physiological saline (priming solution) is supplied into the blood circuit 2) and filled in the blood circuit. However, by filling the blood circuit with physiological saline (priming liquid) as described above in the priming liquid filling step, the physiological saline (priming) is also applied to the blood flow path (flow path in the hollow fiber membrane) in the dialyzer 3. Liquid).

  In the priming solution filling step in the present embodiment, physiological blood (priming solution) is filled in the blood circuit and the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 and the dialysate is supplied to the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 3. A process of supplying and filling (so-called gas purge process) is also performed. Thereby, in the priming solution filling step, the blood flow channel of the dialyzer 3 is filled with physiological saline (priming solution) and the dialysate solution channel of the dialyzer 3 is filled with dialysate.

  Thus, after the priming solution filling step as described above, the connectors c and d are disconnected, and the arterial puncture needle a and the venous puncture needle b are attached to the connectors c and d, respectively. By driving the blood pump 4 while puncturing the patient with the venous puncture needle b, the physiological saline (priming solution) and blood are sequentially replaced, and blood removal (extracorporeal circulation of blood) is performed.

  Here, the dialysis device (blood purification device) according to the present embodiment includes a calculation unit 9, and the calculation unit 9 allows physiological saline (priming solution) to enter the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 in the priming solution filling step. ) And the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 3 is filled with the dialysate so that the ultrafiltration rate measuring step is performed. In this ultrafiltration rate measuring step, the transmembrane pressure difference is obtained based on the fluid pressure measured by the first sensor P1 and the fluid pressure measured by the second sensor P2, and the blood of the dialyzer 3 is calculated from the transmembrane pressure difference. The ultrafiltration rate of the purification membrane can be obtained.

  That is, the ultrafiltration rate measurement step is a step performed by the calculation means 9, and more specifically, between the blood flow path and the dialysate flow path via the blood purification membrane (hollow fiber membrane) of the dialyzer 3. Physiological saline (priming solution) or dialysate is filtered, and the transmembrane differential pressure of the blood purification membrane at the time of the filtration is determined, and the ultrafiltration rate of the blood purification membrane is determined based on the transmembrane differential pressure. It is expected.

  On the other hand, in the ultrafiltration rate measuring step, the head differential pressure (α) generated by the head difference between the portion where the hydraulic pressure is measured by the first sensor P1 and the portion where the hydraulic pressure is measured by the second sensor P2. At the same time, the head differential pressure α is subtracted from the value obtained by subtracting the measured value (PBout) from the first sensor P1 and the measured value (PDout) from the second sensor P2 ((PBout−PDout) − α) to obtain the transmembrane pressure difference (TMP).

  As a result, in the priming solution filling step, the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 is filled with physiological saline (priming solution) and the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 3 is filled with dialysate. Since the ultrafiltration rate measurement process to determine the ultrafiltration rate of the blood purification membrane is performed, if there is a malfunction such as damage to the blood purification membrane, the malfunction can be grasped at the priming stage before treatment. The ultrafiltration rate can be obtained with high accuracy.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the ultrafiltration rate measuring step filters physiological saline (priming solution) or dialysate between the blood channel and the dialysate channel via the blood purification membrane of the dialyzer 3. And determining the transmembrane differential pressure of the blood purification membrane at the time of filtration, and obtaining the ultrafiltration rate of the blood purification membrane based on the transmembrane differential pressure. Can do.

  Furthermore, since the ultrafiltration rate measurement step obtains the transmembrane pressure difference based on the hydraulic pressure measured by the first sensor P1 and the hydraulic pressure measured by the second sensor P2, the existing method (UFR = v ÷ ( PBout-PDout-α) and other existing calculation methods, etc., where UFR is the ultrafiltration rate and v is the ultrafiltration rate) to obtain the ultrafiltration rate in the ultrafiltration rate measurement step Can do. Furthermore, the transmembrane pressure difference is obtained by subtracting the head differential pressure, which is an error factor, from the value obtained by subtracting the measurement value obtained by the first sensor P1 and the measurement value obtained by the second sensor P2. The error due to the head differential pressure is eliminated, and the ultrafiltration rate can be obtained more accurately.

  Further, the first sensor P1 as the priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means is composed of a sensor for measuring the fluid pressure in the venous drip chamber 5 disposed in the middle of the venous side blood circuit 2, and on the dialysate side. The second sensor P2 as the fluid pressure measuring means is a sensor that is disposed in the middle of the dialysate discharge line Lb and measures the fluid pressure. Therefore, the ultrafiltration rate is maintained while using the configuration of the existing dialysis purification device almost as it is. The ultrafiltration rate in the measurement process can be determined.

  When the ultrafiltration rate obtained in the ultrafiltration rate measurement step is larger than a preset specified value, the notification means 10 is capable of notifying that, for example, emitting sound or sound effect through a speaker or the like. It is possible to notify that the ultrafiltration rate is larger than the specified value by displaying characters or symbols on a display means such as a screen, turning on or blinking an indicator lamp, or appropriately using them together. Thereby, when troubles, such as a breakage, have occurred in the blood purification membrane, it is possible to make an operator grasp the trouble more accurately and reliably at the priming stage before treatment. Regarding the failure of “when the blood purification membrane is damaged, etc.”, in addition to the blood purification membrane breakage (leakage), external leakage from the blood purification device body, from the connection between the blood purification device and the blood circuit Any event where the UFR shows an abnormal value, such as a leak or insufficient air bleeding inside the blood purifier (blood side or dialysate side), corresponds to a detectable defect.

  Here, the specified value is a limit such as a difference from the time-series data of the ultrafiltration rate obtained and accumulated for each past dialysis, or a difference from the predicted data of the ultrafiltration rate input in advance. The difference (difference) between the ultrafiltration rate obtained in the outer filtration rate measurement step and an ideal value (accumulation of theoretical values or actual measurement values) is preferable, but other values may be used. However, if the specified value is a difference from the time-series data of the ultrafiltration rate obtained and accumulated for each past dialysis, or if it is a difference from the predicted data of the ultrafiltration rate input in advance When a defect such as breakage occurs in the blood purification membrane, the defect can be grasped more accurately at the priming stage before treatment.

Hereinafter, the operation of the dialysis apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 2, the proximal ends of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 are connected to the blood inlet 3a and blood outlet 3b of the dialyzer 3, respectively, and the dialysate inlet 3c and dialysis The dialysate introduction line La and the dialysate discharge line Lb are connected to the liquid outlet port 3d, respectively, and the connector c and the connector d are connected to communicate with each other.

  On the other hand, the tip of the priming fluid supply line Lc is connected to the connecting portion P of the arterial blood circuit 1, and the solenoid valve V1 in the middle is opened. Thereby, the physiological saline (priming liquid) in the storage means 7 passes through the priming liquid supply line Lc due to its own weight and reaches the blood circuit (including in the venous drip chamber 5) and the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3. It will be satisfied. At this time, the blood pump 4 is stopped.

  In the state where the physiological circuit (priming solution) is filled in the blood circuit (including in the venous drip chamber 5) and the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 as described above, the dual pump 6 is driven to start the dialysate introduction line La. The dialysate is supplied to the dialysate flow path in the dialyzer 3 and discharged from the dialysate discharge line Lb (a so-called gas purge step is performed). Then, after the duplex pump 6 is stopped and the pressure on the dialysate flow path side and the blood flow path side in the dialyzer 3 is stabilized (after a certain period of time when the pressure is stabilized), the first sensor P1 and the second sensor P2 respectively Measure fluid pressure.

  At this time, the compound pump 6 and the blood pump 4 are stopped, and the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 are connected. It is supposed to constitute. Even if the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 are not connected and open, it is sufficient if the pressure balance between them is balanced.

  Thus, the calculation means 9 obtains the head differential pressure (α) from the measured value (PBout) of the first sensor P1 and the measured value (PDout) of the second sensor P2 using a predetermined calculation formula. That is, if the arithmetic expression of α = PBout−PDout is executed by the arithmetic means 9, the first sensor P1 (priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means) measures the fluid pressure and the second sensor P2 (dialysis fluid side fluid). It is possible to obtain the head differential pressure (α) generated by the head difference (height difference) from the portion where the pressure measuring means) measures the hydraulic pressure.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3, the dual pump 6 is driven and the water removal pump 8 is driven to cause the dialysate to flow in the water removal line Ld at a constant speed v (ultrafiltration speed). At this time, the dialysate flow path side of the dialyzer 3 is set to a negative pressure as driven by the water removal pump 8, so that the physiological saline (priming liquid) on the blood flow path side passes through the blood purification membrane to the dialysate flow path side. In order to replenish this, normal saline (priming solution) is supplied from the priming solution supply line Lc.

  Thereby, since the physiological saline (priming solution) can be filtered between the blood channel and the dialysate channel via the blood purification membrane of the dialyzer 3, the first sensor P1 and the second sensor P2 respectively. The transmembrane pressure difference (TMP) can be obtained from these measured values (the measured value PBout of the first sensor P1 and the measured value PDout of the second sensor P2) using a predetermined arithmetic expression. The predetermined arithmetic expression is “TMP = PBout−PDout−α”.

  That is, the head differential pressure is obtained by filling the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 with physiological saline (priming solution) and filling the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 3 with the dialysate as in this embodiment. The transmembrane pressure difference (TMP) is obtained based on the hydraulic pressure measured by the first sensor P1 and the hydraulic pressure measured by the second sensor P2 while taking into account (α). And the calculating means 9 calculates | requires the ultrafiltration rate (this is called raw-meal UFR) of the blood purification film | membrane in the dialyzer 3 using a predetermined | prescribed arithmetic expression based on this calculated | required transmembrane pressure difference (TMP). The predetermined arithmetic expression is “raw food UFR = v ÷ TMP”.

  Although the first embodiment has been described above, the following configuration may be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, in addition to the first sensor P1, a third sensor P3 for measuring the fluid pressure in the middle of the arterial blood circuit 1 is provided, and in addition to the second sensor P2, the dialysate introduction line La A fourth sensor P4 for measuring the fluid pressure in the middle of the priming fluid side, the priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means comprises the first sensor P1 and the third sensor P3, and the dialysis fluid side fluid pressure measuring means is the second sensor P2. And a fourth sensor P4.

  In this case, in the above-described various arithmetic expressions, parameters “PB” and “PD” are used instead of the parameters “PBout” and “PDout”. However, when the measured value of the third sensor P3 is “PBin”, “PB = (PBout + PBin) ÷ 2”, and when the measured value of the fourth sensor P4 is “PDin”, “PD = (PDout + PDin) ÷ 2”. " Accordingly, the priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means includes the third sensor P3 for measuring the fluid pressure in the middle of the arterial blood circuit 1 in addition to the first sensor P1. Since it consists of the 4th sensor P4 which measures the hydraulic pressure in the middle of the dialysate introduction line La in addition to 2 sensors P2, the ultrafiltration rate in an ultrafiltration rate measurement process can be calculated | required still more accurately.

Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described.
As in the first embodiment, the blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a dialysis apparatus for performing dialysis treatment. As illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the blood purification apparatus 1 includes an arterial blood circuit 1 and a venous blood circuit 2. A blood circuit, a dialyzer 3 (blood purification means), a blood pump 4, a venous drip chamber 5, a first sensor P1 (priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measuring means) and a second sensor P2 (dialysis liquid side hydraulic pressure). Measuring means), calculating means 9, informing means 10, and dialysate supply line Le. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component similar to 1st Embodiment, and those detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the dialysate introduction line La and the dialysate discharge line Lb are provided with electromagnetic valves V2 and V3 that can arbitrarily open and close each flow path, and the dual pump 6 and the electromagnetic in the dialysate introduction line La. A dialysate supply line Le extends from the valve V2. The dialysate supply line Le is connected at its tip to a connecting portion P ′ between the connector c and the blood pump 4 in the arterial blood circuit 1, and an electromagnetic valve V4 capable of arbitrarily opening and closing the flow path in the middle thereof. Is arranged. Thus, by selectively opening and closing the electromagnetic valves V2 and V4, the dialysate supplied from the dual pump 6 can be supplied to the dialyzer 3 side or supplied to the blood circuit side.

  That is, the dialysate supplied from the dual pump 6 to the dialyzer 3 side is supplied to the blood circuit side via the dialysate supply line Le, thereby fulfilling the function as the priming solution in the first embodiment. During the priming solution filling process, the blood flow channel of the dialyzer 3 is filled with the dialysate as the priming solution, and the dialysate flow channel of the dialyzer 3 is filled with the dialysate. This is because the dialysate also serves as a priming solution during priming. Thus, in the present invention, the priming solution includes the same dialysis solution supplied from the dialysis solution supply line La.

Hereinafter, the operation of the dialysis apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 5, the proximal ends of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 are connected to the blood inlet 3a and blood outlet 3b of the dialyzer 3, respectively, and the dialysate inlet 3c and dialysis to the liquid outlet 3 d is connected dialysate introduction line La and the dialysate discharge line Lb respectively, and, to a state of communicated with each other in the flow path by connecting the connector c and connector d.

On the other hand, the tip of the dialysate supply line Le as well as connected to the connecting portion P 'of the arterial blood circuit 1, the electromagnetic valve V 4 of the way to the open state (solenoid valve V2 is closed), driving the duplex pump 6 As a result, the dialysate flowing through the dialysate introduction line La passes through the dialysate supply line Le and fills the blood circuit (including the venous drip chamber 5) and the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3. . At this time, the blood pump 4 is in a stopped state.

  Thereafter, as shown in the figure, the electromagnetic valves V2 and V3 are opened while the electromagnetic valve V4 is closed, and the dual pump 6 is driven again in this state. As a result, in the state where the dialysate (priming solution) is filled in the blood circuit (including the vein drip chamber 5) and the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 as described above, the dual pump 6 is driven to enter the dialysate introduction line. The dialysate is supplied from La to the dialysate flow path in the dialyzer 3 and discharged from the dialysate discharge line Lb (a so-called gas purge step is performed). Then, after the duplex pump 6 is stopped and the pressure on the dialysate flow path side and the blood flow path side in the dialyzer 3 is stabilized (after a certain period of time when the pressure is stabilized), the first sensor P1 and the second sensor P2 respectively Measure fluid pressure.

  At this time, since the compound pump 6 and the blood pump 4 are stopped and the tip of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the tip of the venous blood circuit 2 are connected, the dialysate flow is the same as in the first embodiment. The road side and the blood flow path side constitute a closed system. Even if the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 are not connected and open, it is sufficient if the pressure balance between them is balanced.

  Thus, as in the first embodiment, the calculation means 9 calculates the head differential pressure from the measurement value (PBout) of the first sensor P1 and the measurement value (PDout) of the second sensor P2 using a predetermined calculation formula. Find (α). That is, if the arithmetic expression of α = PBout−PDout is executed by the arithmetic means 9, the first sensor P1 (priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means) measures the fluid pressure and the second sensor P2 (dialysis fluid side fluid). It is possible to obtain the head differential pressure (α) generated by the head difference (height difference) from the portion where the pressure measuring means) measures the hydraulic pressure.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 6, the electromagnetic valve V4 is opened while the electromagnetic valve V2 is closed, the dual pump 6 is driven (the blood pump 4 is maintained in a stopped state), and in the dialysate discharge line Lb. The dialysate is flowed at a constant speed v (ultrafiltration rate). At this time, the dialysis fluid (priming fluid) supplied to the blood flow channel side through the blood purification membrane of the dialyzer 3 due to the pushing force on the blood circuit by the duplex pump 6 and the suction action on the dialysate discharge line Lb. Thus, positive filtration (filtration from the blood flow path side to the dialysate flow path side) is performed, and the dialysate supply line Le is continuously supplied to replenish this.

  As a result, the dialysate can be filtered between the blood flow path and the dialysate flow path via the blood purification membrane of the dialyzer 3, so that the respective fluid pressures are measured by the first sensor P1 and the second sensor P2. Then, the transmembrane pressure difference (TMP) can be obtained from these measured values (the measured value PBout of the first sensor P1 and the measured value PDout of the second sensor P2) using a predetermined arithmetic expression. The predetermined arithmetic expression is “TMP = PBout−PDout−α”. And the calculating means 9 calculates | requires the ultrafiltration rate (raw food UFR) of the blood purification film | membrane in the dialyzer 3 using a predetermined | prescribed arithmetic expression based on this calculated | required transmembrane differential pressure (TMP). The predetermined arithmetic expression is “raw food UFR = v ÷ TMP”.

Next, a third embodiment according to the present invention will be described.
The blood purification apparatus according to this embodiment includes a dialysis apparatus for performing dialysis treatment, as in the first and second embodiments, and as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit. 2, a dialyzer 3 (blood purification means), a blood pump 4, a venous drip chamber 5, a first sensor P 1 (priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measuring means) and a second sensor P 2 (dialysis liquid side) (Hydraulic pressure measuring means), calculating means 9, informing means 10, and overflow line Lf. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component similar to 1st Embodiment, and those detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The water removal pump 8 in the present embodiment is capable of forward drive and reverse drive, and can perform water removal by forward drive and reverse filtration of dialysate by reverse drive (as opposed to during dialysis treatment). Direction filtration). That is, the dialysate supplied from the dialysate introduction line La to the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 3 is filtered to the blood flow path side by reverse filtration, and the blood circuit is filled with the dialysate to enable priming. It is.

The overflow line Lf extends from the upper part (air layer side) of the venous drip chamber 5 and its tip is open to the atmosphere. In the middle of the overflow line Lf, there is an electromagnetic valve V5 that can open and close the overflow channel arbitrarily. It is arranged. That is, in the present embodiment, a tube extending from the air layer side of the venous drip chamber 5 to the first sensor P1 and an overflow line Lf are extended.

  Thus, the dialysate supplied from the dual pump 6 to the dialyzer 3 side functions as the priming solution in the first embodiment by being supplied to the blood circuit side by reverse filtration. During the filling step, the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 is filled with dialysate as a priming liquid, and the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 3 is filled with dialysate. This is because the dialysate also serves as a priming solution during priming. Thus, as described in the second embodiment, in the present invention, the priming liquid is the same as the dialysis liquid supplied from the dialysis liquid supply line La.

Hereinafter, the operation of the dialysis apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 7, the proximal ends of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 are connected to the blood inlet 3a and blood outlet 3b of the dialyzer 3, respectively, and the dialysate inlet 3c and dialysis are connected to each other. The dialysate introduction line La and the dialysate discharge line Lb are connected to the liquid outlet port 3d, respectively, and the connector c and the connector d are connected to communicate with each other.

  On the other hand, when the water removal pump 8 is driven in reverse, the dialysate in the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 3 is reversely filtered, and the blood circuit (including in the venous drip chamber 5) passes through the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3. And the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 is filled. At this time, the blood pump 4 is in a stopped state.

  Thereafter, as shown in the figure, the water removal pump 8 is stopped, and the dual pump 6 is driven in a state where reverse filtration is not performed. As a result, in the state where the dialysate (priming solution) is filled in the blood circuit (including the vein drip chamber 5) and the blood flow path of the dialyzer 3 as described above, the dual pump 6 is driven to enter the dialysate introduction line. The dialysate is supplied from La to the dialysate flow path in the dialyzer 3 and discharged from the dialysate discharge line Lb (a so-called gas purge step is performed). Then, after the duplex pump 6 is stopped and the pressure on the dialysate flow path side and the blood flow path side in the dialyzer 3 is stabilized (after a certain period of time when the pressure is stabilized), the first sensor P1 and the second sensor P2 respectively Measure fluid pressure.

  At this time, the duplex pump 6 and the blood pump 4 are stopped, and the solenoid valve V5 is closed while the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 are connected. As in the second embodiment, the dialysate flow path side and the blood flow path side constitute a closed system. It should be noted that even if the tip of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the tip of the venous blood circuit 2 are not connected and opened or the electromagnetic valve V5 is open, it is sufficient if the pressure balance between them is balanced. .

  Thus, as in the first and second embodiments, the calculation means 9 uses the predetermined calculation formula from the measured value (PBout) of the first sensor P1 and the measured value (PDout) of the second sensor P2. Obtain the differential pressure (α). That is, if the arithmetic expression of α = PBout−PDout is executed by the arithmetic means 9, the first sensor P1 (priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means) measures the fluid pressure and the second sensor P2 (dialysis fluid side fluid). It is possible to obtain the head differential pressure (α) generated by the head difference (height difference) from the portion where the pressure measuring means) measures the hydraulic pressure.

  After that, as shown in FIG. 8, the electromagnetic valve V5 is opened and the water removal pump 8 is driven in reverse again to reversely filter the dialysate at a constant speed v (ultrafiltration speed) (as opposed to dialysis treatment). Filter in the direction). The dialysate as the priming solution filled in advance is discharged from the overflow line Lf by the volume of the dialysate that has flowed back to the blood circuit side after reverse filtration.

  As a result, the dialysate can be back-filtered between the blood flow path and the dialysate flow path via the blood purification membrane of the dialyzer 3, so that the first sensor P1 and the second sensor P2 can control the respective fluid pressures. The transmembrane pressure difference (TMP) can be obtained from the measured values (the measured value PBout of the first sensor P1 and the measured value PDout of the second sensor P2) using a predetermined arithmetic expression. The predetermined arithmetic expression is “TMP = PBout−PDout−α”. And the calculating means 9 calculates | requires the ultrafiltration rate (raw food UFR) of the blood purification film | membrane in the dialyzer 3 using a predetermined | prescribed arithmetic expression based on this calculated | required transmembrane differential pressure (TMP). The predetermined arithmetic expression is “raw food UFR = v ÷ TMP”.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example, the priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measuring means including the first sensor P1 or the third sensor P3 is any part of the blood circuit. As long as the fluid pressure of the priming fluid is measured, the fluid may be disposed at other positions, or the dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means including the second sensor P2 or the fourth sensor P4 may be used for dialysis. As long as the fluid pressure of the dialysate is measured at any part of the fluid introduction line La or the dialysate discharge line Lb, it may be disposed at another position.

  Also in the second embodiment and the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the third sensor P3 (priming fluid side fluid pressure measurement) that can measure the fluid pressure in the middle part of the arterial blood circuit 1 is used. And a fourth sensor P4 (dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means) that can measure the fluid pressure in the middle of the dialysate introduction line La.

  Furthermore, the first sensor P1 or the third sensor P3 (priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means) measures the fluid pressure, and the second sensor P2 or the fourth sensor P4 (dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means) measures the fluid pressure. When the head differential pressure generated due to the head difference (height difference) from the part to be measured is extremely small, it may be determined that the error due to the head differential pressure is small and the head differential pressure is not obtained. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to a dialysis apparatus used at the time of dialysis treatment, but is used in other apparatuses that can purify the patient's blood while circulating it outside the body (for example, blood filtration dialysis, blood filtration, AFBF). The present invention may be applied to blood purification devices, plasma adsorption devices, and the like.

In a state in which the dialysate to the dialysate flow path of the blood purification means is filled with the priming liquid is filled into the blood flow path of the blood purification means Te in Puraimin grayed, ultrafiltration of the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means As long as the blood purification apparatus is provided with a calculation means for obtaining the rate, it can be applied to other forms and applications.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a dialysis device (blood purification device) according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram showing the state during the process of obtaining the head differential pressure in the dialysis machine Schematic showing the state during the ultrafiltration rate measurement process in the dialysis machine The schematic diagram which shows the state which has arrange | positioned 3rd sensor P3 and 4th sensor P4 in addition to 1st sensor P1 and 2nd sensor P2 in the same dialysis apparatus. The schematic diagram which shows the state at the time of the process which calculates | requires head differential pressure in the dialysis apparatus (blood purification apparatus) which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Schematic showing the state during the ultrafiltration rate measurement process in the dialysis machine The schematic diagram which shows the state at the time of the process which calculates | requires head differential pressure in the dialysis apparatus (blood purification apparatus) which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Schematic showing the state during the ultrafiltration rate measurement process in the dialysis machine

Explanation of symbols

1 Arterial blood circuit 2 Venous blood circuit 3 Dialyzer (blood purification means)
Reference Signs List 4 Blood pump 5 Vein side drip chamber 6 Duplex pump 7 Storage means 8 Dewatering pump 9 Calculation means 10 Notification means P1 First sensor (priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measurement means)
P2 Second sensor (dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means)
P3 Third sensor (priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measuring means)
P4 4th sensor (dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means)
La Dialysate introduction line Lb Dialysate discharge line Lc Priming solution supply line Ld Dewatering line Le Dialysate supply line Lf Overflow line

Claims (9)

A blood circuit comprising an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit, and capable of extracorporeally circulating the patient's blood from the distal end of the arterial blood circuit to the distal end of the venous blood circuit;
A blood flow that is interposed between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit of the blood circuit to purify the blood flowing through the blood circuit and to which the patient's blood flows through a blood purification film for purifying the blood Blood purification means in which a dialysis fluid flow path through which the passage and dialysis fluid flow is formed;
A blood pump disposed in the arterial blood circuit;
A dialysate introduction line and a dialysate discharge line connected to the dialysate flow path inlet and outlet of the blood purification means;
Blood purification in which priming is performed by supplying a priming solution into the blood circuit before treatment in a state where the tips of the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit are not punctured by a patient. In the device
In a state in which the dialysate is filled in the dialysate flow path of the blood purification unit with the priming liquid is filled into the blood channel of the hand the blood purification means to said Puraimin grayed, limit blood purification membrane of the blood purification means A blood purification apparatus comprising a calculating means for obtaining an outer filtration rate. The calculation means obtains a transmembrane differential pressure of the blood purification membrane when the priming liquid or dialysate is filtered between the blood flow path and the dialysate flow path through the blood purification film of the blood purification means. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrafiltration rate of the blood purification membrane is obtained based on the transmembrane pressure difference. Priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means for measuring the fluid pressure of the priming fluid in any part of the blood circuit;
Dialysate side fluid pressure measuring means for measuring the fluid pressure of the dialysate in any part of the dialysate introduction line or the dialysate discharge line;
And the calculating means obtains the transmembrane pressure difference based on the fluid pressure measured by the priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring device and the fluid pressure measured by the dialysis fluid side fluid pressure measuring device. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the blood purification apparatus is provided. The calculating means obtains a head differential pressure generated by a head difference between a part where the priming liquid side hydraulic pressure measuring means measures a hydraulic pressure and a part where the dialysate side hydraulic pressure measuring means measures a hydraulic pressure, and The transmembrane pressure difference is obtained by subtracting the head differential pressure from the value obtained by subtracting the measurement value obtained by the priming fluid side fluid pressure measurement means and the measurement value obtained by the dialysis fluid side fluid pressure measurement means. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 3.   The priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means comprises a first sensor for measuring the fluid pressure in the venous drip chamber disposed in the middle of the venous side blood circuit, and the dialysis fluid side fluid pressure measuring means comprises: The blood purification apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, comprising a second sensor that is disposed in the middle of the dialysate discharge line and measures a fluid pressure.   In addition to the first sensor, the priming fluid side fluid pressure measuring means includes a third sensor for measuring fluid pressure in the middle of the arterial blood circuit, and the dialysis fluid side fluid pressure measuring means includes the second sensor. 6. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a fourth sensor that measures a fluid pressure in the middle of the dialysate introduction line in addition to the sensor. When the ultrafiltration rate calculated | required by the said calculating means is larger than the preset regulation value, the alerting | reporting means which can alert | report it was comprised, The any one of Claims 1-6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Blood purification device.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the specified value is a difference from time-series data of an ultrafiltration rate obtained and accumulated every past dialysis.   8. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the specified value is a difference from predicted data of an ultrafiltration rate inputted in advance.

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