JP4101512B2 - Dialysis machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a dialysis apparatus that allows dialysis to be performed with a blood purifier connected to a blood circuit.In placeRelated.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 9, the conventional dialysis apparatus has a blood circuit 1 in which an arterial tip 1a and a venous tip 1b are connected by a flexible tube or the like and a drip chamber 4 is connected in the middle thereof, and the blood circuit. An arterial puncture needle a that is connected to one arterial (upstream) tip 1a and can puncture a patient's artery, and is connected to a vein (downstream) tip 1b of the blood circuit 1 to puncture a patient's vein. A blood purifier (dialyzer) having a blood puncture needle b to be obtained, a blood purification membrane (not shown), and having a blood inlet 2a, a blood outlet 2b, a dialysate inlet 2c, and a dialysate outlet 2d; A blood pump 3 for flowing the patient's blood collected from the arterial puncture needle a toward the venous puncture needle b in the blood circuit 1, a dialysate introduction line L1 connected to the dialysate introduction port 2c, and dialysate drainage Dialysate discharge line connected to outlet 2d L2, a reciprocating pump 6 provided with a single plunger 7, and a saline feed line for introducing physiological saline 5 into the blood circuit 1, which is disposed across the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate discharge port 2d. Mainly composed of L5.
[0003]
According to such a dialysis device, blood is drawn from the blood inlet 2a into the blood purifier 2 by driving the blood pump 3 after puncturing the patient's artery and vein with the artery side puncture needle a and vein side puncture needle b. On the other hand, by driving the reciprocating pump 6, the dialysate is introduced from the dialysate inlet 2c into the blood purifier 2 via the dialysate inlet line L1, and the dialysate is introduced from the dialysate outlet 2d. Discharge to discharge line L2.
[0004]
As a result, the blood introduced into the blood purifier 2 comes into contact with the dialysate via the blood purification membrane, and after the blood is purified by the action of diffusion or the like, the venous puncture is performed via the drip chamber 4. The needle b is returned to the patient's body. In order to remove water during dialysis, a water removal pump 8 is provided in the water removal line L3 extending from the dialysate discharge line L2, and a bypass line is provided in the bypass line L4 that bypasses the water removal line L3. A shut-off valve 10 is provided.
[0005]
Here, since the blood purifier and the blood circuit before being used for hemodialysis contain air or filled sterile water or the like, the raw food line is used as a pretreatment to remove such air or sterile water. It is necessary to perform priming for flowing the physiological saline 5 into the blood circuit 1 from L5. Further, when the blood pressure of the patient decreases during hemodialysis, it is necessary to perform a replacement fluid that returns the physiological saline 5 to the patient's body together with the purified blood. Further, after hemodialysis, the blood circuit 1 In order to return the blood remaining in the patient to the patient, it is necessary to perform blood recovery by flowing the physiological saline 5 into the blood circuit 1 for replacement.
[0006]
However, since the physiological saline used in the priming, replacement fluid or blood recovery is more expensive than the dialysate, a dialysate is used instead of the physiological saline in recent years in order to reduce hemodialysis costs. It has been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-107283 discloses a separate squeezing method in which dialysate is introduced into and discharged from a dialyzer during hemodialysis in a chamber, and the dialysate is pumped into the blood circuit during priming, replacement, or blood collection. A dialysis machine provided with a mold pump is disclosed. At the time of priming or the like, the ironing pump on the blood circuit side and the ironing pump on the dialyzer side are driven in synchronization to pump the dialysate to the blood circuit side.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional dialysis fluid priming, replacement fluid or blood recovery method has the following problems. That is, during hemodialysis, since the dialysate is introduced into and discharged from the dialyzer using a chamber, dialysis is performed in the blood circuit to perform priming, replacement, or blood recovery using dialysate instead of physiological saline. Since a separate pump for pumping the liquid is necessary and the existing dialysis apparatus cannot be used as it is, the hemodialysis cost increases accordingly.
[0008]
In addition, since the separately added pump is a ironing type, there is a possibility that the dialysis fluid to be sent out lacks the quantitative property, and there is a possibility that a trouble may occur at the time of replacement fluid or blood collection that requires a particularly precise amount of dialysate delivery. Furthermore, ironing pumps are provided on both the blood circuit side and the dialyzer side, and these are driven to perform priming and the like. In particular, when the pump speed is higher on the dialyzer side than on the blood circuit side, an excessive pressure is generated on the blood circuit side and the blood circuit or the like may be damaged.
[0009]
  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is possible to perform priming, replacement or blood recovery with dialysate without adding a separate pump, and replacement fluid or blood recovery excellent in quantitative performance. Dialysis equipment that can performPlaceIt is to provide.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The invention described in claim 1 includes a blood purification membrane, a blood introduction port for introducing blood, and a blood outlet for introducing introduced blood, and a dialysate introduction port for introducing dialysate and the introduction A blood purifier for forming a dialysis purification action by contacting a dialysate with the blood through the blood purification membrane, a blood circuit having a blood pump, and the blood Connected to the dialysate introduction port of the purifier and introduced the dialysate, and connected to the dialysate discharge port of the blood purifier and discharged the dialysate, and introduced the dialysate A reciprocating pump having a single plunger disposed across the line and the dialysate discharge line, and flowing the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line and dialysate discharge line by the reciprocating motion of the plunger; Transparency In dialyzer having a cut off the flow of dialysate in the liquid discharge line shut-off valve to stop the discharge of dialysate from the dialysate outlet of the blood purifier,A dewatering line extending around the reciprocating pump from the upstream side to the downstream side of the reciprocating pump of the dialysate discharge line, a dewatering pump connected to the dewatering line, and detouring the reciprocating pump A bypass line that bypasses the water removal line, and a bypass line shut-off valve that shuts off the flow of the bypass line, and stops the water removal pump and opens the bypass line shut-off valve, and ,Priming, replacement fluid or blood recovery is performed by driving a reciprocating pump with the shut-off valve closed and pumping dialysate into the dialysate inlet of the blood purifier.
[0019]
  Claim2In the described invention, the blood pump can be rotated forward and backward, and the blood pump is reversed to perform priming or blood collection, while the blood pump is rotated forward to perform a replacement fluid.To selectively perform priming, replacement fluid or blood collectionIt is characterized by that.
[0020]
  Claim3The described invention includes a drip chamber on the downstream side of the blood purifier in the blood circuit, and reverses the blood pump while driving the reciprocating pump in a state where both ends of the blood circuit are connected. Priming is performed by introducing dialysate into the blood purifier from a fluid introduction line and overflowing the dialysate from the drip chamber.
[0021]
  Claim4In the described invention, by rotating the blood pump forward, the dialysate introduced into the drip chamber is allowed to overflow and flow to the blood circuit upstream of the blood purifier through the connection portions at both ends of the blood circuit. Priming is performed.
[0022]
  Claim5The invention described includes a determination sensor that determines whether or not the liquid flowing in the blood circuit upstream and downstream of the blood purifier is blood, and determines that the determination sensor is not blood in the blood recovery. In this case, the introduction of the dialysate from the dialysate introduction line is stopped.
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
  First, priming, replacement fluid and blood recovery in this embodimentIs possibleA dialysis apparatus will be described. Such a dialysis machine has the same configuration as the conventional dialysis machine shown in FIG. 9 except that it does not include the saline line L5 and the physiological saline 5. As shown in FIG. The blood circuit 1, the dialysate introduction line L 1, the dialysate discharge line L 2, and the reciprocating pump 6 are mainly configured. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same thing as the component of FIG.
[0025]
The dialyzer 2 includes a blood purification membrane (not shown) (including a semipermeable membrane and a filtration membrane), and a blood introduction port 2a for introducing blood and a blood outlet port 2b for deriving the introduced blood are formed, and dialysis is performed. A dialysate introduction port 2c for introducing a solution and a dialysate discharge port 2d for discharging the introduced dialysate are formed. The dialysate is brought into contact with blood introduced from the blood introduction port 2a through a blood purification membrane. It provides dialysis purification action.
[0026]
The blood circuit 1 is mainly composed of a flexible tube, connected to the blood inlet 2a and the blood outlet 2b of the dialyzer 2, and a blood pump 3 capable of flowing the blood collected from the patient's artery to the vein, and It has a drip chamber 4 for foam. Note that the upstream side of the dialyzer 2 in the blood circuit 1 is called the arterial side, and the downstream side is called the venous side. The blood pump 3 is a squeezing type pump (having a structure in which blood flows in a certain direction from the outside of the flexible tube) and can be rotated forward and backward.
[0027]
In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a bubble detector that detects bubbles flowing on the vein side of the blood circuit 1. Further, both ends 1a and 1b of the blood circuit 1 are respectively provided with an arterial puncture needle and a venous puncture needle (not shown in this embodiment, but similar to the arterial puncture needle a and the venous puncture needle b in FIG. 9). ) Is provided.
[0028]
A dialysate introduction line L1 and a dialysate discharge line L2 are connected to the dialysate introduction port 2c and the dialysate discharge port 2d of the dialyzer 2, respectively, and introduced into the dialyzer 2 through the dialysate introduction line L1. The dialysate can be discharged from the dialysate discharge line L2. The dialysate discharge line L2 is connected to a shut-off valve 9 made of an electromagnetic valve. The shut-off valve 9 allows the dialysate to be opened and discharged from the dialyzer 2 to flow during normal hemodialysis. At the time of priming, replacement fluid or blood collection, it is closed to block the flow of dialysate.
[0029]
The reciprocating pump 6 (compound pump) has a single plunger 7 disposed across the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate discharge line L2, and the dialysate introduction line L1 by the reciprocation of the plunger 7 And the dialysate in the dialysate discharge line L2 is made to flow. That is, the pump chamber of the reciprocating pump 6 is divided into two by the plunger 7, and one chamber (the left chamber in the figure) communicates with the dialysate introduction line L1, and the other chamber (the right side in the figure). Chamber) is configured to communicate with the dialysate discharge line L2.
[0030]
Thus, during normal dialysis, when the plunger 7 moves in the left direction in the figure, the left pump head sends dialysate toward the dialyzer 2, and the right pump head sends dialysate from the dialyzer 2. When the plunger 7 moves in the right direction, the left pump head sucks dialysate from the supply port direction, and the right pump head is a device. The liquid is fed toward the drain outlet.
[0031]
In addition, the dialysate discharge line L2 includes a water removal line L3 that bypasses the reciprocating pump 6 from the upstream side to the downstream side of the reciprocating pump 6, and a water removal line L3 that bypasses the reciprocating pump 6. A bypass line L4 to be bypassed is connected, a water removal pump 8 is connected to the water removal line L3, and a bypass line shutoff valve 10 for blocking the flow of dialysate is connected to the bypass line L4. Yes. When the water removal pump 8 is driven, water can be removed from the blood flowing through the dialyzer 2.
[0032]
In order to perform hemodialysis with the dialysis apparatus, an arterial puncture needle and a venous puncture needle are punctured into a patient's artery and vein, respectively, and the blood pump 3 and the reciprocating pump 6 are driven (the blood pump 3 is normally rotated). ) Then, blood is collected from the patient's artery by the action of the blood pump 3 and flows through the blood circuit 1 on the artery side, and is introduced into the dialyzer 2 from the blood inlet 2a, while the dialysate passes through the dialysate introduction line L1. It flows and is introduced into the dialyzer 2 from the dialysate inlet 2c.
[0033]
Therefore, blood comes into contact with the dialysate through the inherent blood purification membrane, and blood dialysis purification action is performed. The blood subjected to the dialysis purification action is led out to the blood circuit 1 on the venous side from the blood outlet 2b, defoamed in the drip chamber 4, and then returned to the patient via the venous puncture needle. The dialysate introduced into the dialyzer 2 is discharged from the dialysate discharge port 2d to the dialysate discharge line L2.
[0034]
In the dialysis apparatus, the priming operation is performed through the following pre-process and post-process. First, in the previous step, the connectors at both ends 1a and 1b of the blood circuit 1 are connected to the state shown in FIG. 2 and after closing the shut-off valve 9, the reciprocating pump 6 is driven to introduce the dialysate into the dialysate. It introduces into dialyzer 2 from line L1. As a result, the introduced dialysate permeates the blood purification membrane and reaches the blood circuit 1 side. At this time, by reversing the blood pump 3, the dialysate is introduced into the blood inlet 2a and the blood guide. It flows out from the outlet 2b. However, the flow rate by the blood pump 3 needs to be smaller than the liquid feeding amount.
[0035]
That is, since the shielding valve 9 is closed, the dialysate pumped from the reciprocating pump 6 to the dialyzer 2 is not discharged from the dialysate discharge port 2d but permeates the blood purification membrane and passes through the blood inlet 2a and blood. The blood flows out to both the arterial side and the venous side in the blood circuit 1 from both outlets 2b. The dialysate that has flowed out to the artery side of the blood circuit 1 passes through the connecting portion where the connectors at both ends of the blood circuit 1 are connected by the reversing operation of the blood pump 3, reaches the drip chamber 4, and flows out to the vein side of the blood circuit 1. The dialysate thus obtained reaches the drip chamber 4 as it is.
[0036]
When the dialysate combined in the drip chamber 4 exceeds a predetermined amount (allowable volume of the drip chamber 4), it overflows and is discharged from the overflow line L6. As the overflow line L6, a tube extending from the drip chamber 4 (an extension tube attached to a liquid level adjusting tube) is used. An overflow dedicated tube or the like may be provided instead of the liquid level adjusting tube.
[0037]
In the pre-priming process (the same applies to the post-process described later), it is necessary to stop the water removal pump 8 and open the bypass line shut-off valve 10. Thereby, it can avoid that the chamber by the side of the dialysate discharge line L2 in the reciprocating pump 6 becomes an excessive negative pressure, and the malfunction of the reciprocating pump 6 at the time of priming can be prevented.
[0038]
That is, in a reciprocating pump having a single plunger as in this embodiment, the dialysate introduction line L1 side chamber is always filled with dialysate, whereas the dialysate discharge line L2 side chamber is filled. Since the shutoff valve 9 is closed, the dialysate 2 is not introduced from the dialyzer 2, resulting in an excessive negative pressure, and the reciprocating pump may not be driven normally.
[0039]
For this reason, the bypass line shutoff valve 10 is opened to open the bypass line L4, and the dialysate discharge line L2 is connected between the bypass line L4 and the reciprocating pump 6 (the chamber connected to the dialysate discharge line L2). The remaining dialysate is circulated to avoid excessive negative pressure.
[0040]
By passing through the preceding steps as described above, it is possible to prevent air pushed out in the blood circuit 1 from being mixed into the dialyzer 2 during the flow of the dialysate, and to improve the subsequent hemodialysis work. . That is, since the blood pump 3 is reversed, the dialysate that has flowed out of the dialyzer 2 is discharged from the overflow line L6 without returning to the dialyzer 2, so that the air in the blood circuit 1 is mixed into the dialyzer 2. Thus, work such as air venting is unnecessary during the subsequent hemodialysis.
[0041]
After this pre-process, a post-process is performed in the state shown in FIG. In this subsequent process, as in the previous process described above, the connectors at both ends 1a and 1b of the blood circuit 1 are connected, the reciprocating pump 6 is driven with the shut-off valve 9 closed, and the dialysate 2 is supplied to the dialyzer 2. Introduction is done. At this time, when the blood pump 3 is rotated forward, the dialysate introduced into the dialyzer 2 does not flow into the blood circuit 1 on the arterial side due to the operation of the blood pump 3 but flows through the blood circuit 1 on the venous side. The drip chamber 4 is reached.
[0042]
Thereafter, the dialysate that has passed through the drip chamber 4 further flows through the blood circuit 1 on the artery side and returns to the dialyzer 2 from the blood introduction port 2a. In the circulation process, the dialysate overflowed in the drip chamber 4 is discharged from the overflow line L6. Such a dialysate flow is in the same direction as the blood flow during hemodialysis, and smooth priming can be performed.
[0043]
According to the priming that has undergone the above two steps, the air in the blood circuit 1 is discharged while avoiding air from being mixed into the dialyzer 2 in the previous step, and then the subsequent step is performed. Smooth priming can be performed while improving the work. In this embodiment, priming is performed through both the pre-process and the post-process. However, the priming may be completed in any one process.
[0044]
Still further, as shown in FIG. 4, the shutoff valve 9 is closed with both ends 1a and 1b of the blood circuit 1 open, the blood pump 3 is reversed, and the dialysate from the reciprocating pump 6 is introduced into the dialyzer 2. You may do it. In this case, the dialysate introduced from the dialysate inlet 2c flows out of both the blood outlet 2b and the blood inlet 2a, and passes through the blood circuit 1 on the venous side and the arterial side, respectively. It will be discharged | emitted from the front-end | tip 1b. According to such a priming method, it is not necessary to connect the both ends 1a and 1b of the blood circuit 1, and it is possible to avoid the air pushed out in the blood circuit 1 from being mixed into the dialyzer 2.
[0045]
On the other hand, when hemodialysis is performed in the dialysis apparatus, if the blood pressure of the patient decreases, the replacement fluid is performed according to the following procedure. That is, with the puncture needle inserted into the patient's artery and vein, as shown in FIG. 5, the shut-off valve 9 is closed and the reciprocating pump 6 is driven (preferably operated at about 50 to 300 mL / min). Then, the dialysate is introduced into the dialyzer 2 from the dialysate introduction line L1.
[0046]
As a result, the introduced dialysate permeates the blood purification membrane and reaches the blood circuit 1 side. At this time, the blood pump 3 is rotated forward (preferably decelerated to a preset speed). Then, the dialysate is discharged from the blood outlet 2 b and introduced into the patient's body through the drip chamber 4. On the other hand, since the arterial puncture needle is in the state of being punctured by the patient, blood is continuously collected by the operation of the blood pump 3, and after circulating through the blood circuit 1, the venous puncture needle is combined with the dialysate. Has been returned to the patient.
[0047]
Even during the replenishment, it is necessary to stop the dewatering pump 8 and open the bypass line shut-off valve 10 as in the above-described priming. Thereby, it can avoid that the chamber by the side of the dialysate discharge line L2 in the reciprocating pump 6 becomes an excessive negative pressure, and the malfunction of the reciprocating pump 6 at the time of priming can be prevented. In addition, the blood pump 3 may be stopped to perform the above replacement fluid.
[0048]
Finally, blood collection for returning blood remaining in the blood circuit 1 to the patient after the hemodialysis operation is performed is performed according to the following procedure. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, after the shut-off valve 9 is closed, the reciprocating pump 6 is driven (preferably an operation of about 50 to 200 mL / min) to introduce dialysate into the dialyzer 2 from the dialysate introduction line L1. To do. The introduced dialysate permeates the blood purification membrane and reaches the blood circuit 1 side. At this time, by reversing the blood pump 3, the dialysate is passed through the blood inlet 2a and the blood outlet 2b. Let it flow out from both sides. Thereby, after hemodialysis is completed, the blood remaining in the blood circuit 1 can be returned to both the artery and vein of the patient.
[0049]
The water removal pump 8 and the bypass line shutoff valve 10 are the same as the priming and replacement fluid described above. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, in addition to the existing bubble detector 11 in the blood circuit 1 on the vein side, a similar bubble detector 11 ′ is also attached to the artery side, so that the blood on the artery side is collected during the blood collection. It is preferable to prevent bubbles from entering the patient from the circuit and to collect blood more safely.
[0050]
Furthermore, by attaching discrimination sensors 12a and 12b that can determine whether or not the liquid flowing in the blood circuit 1 is blood to each of the arterial and venous blood circuits 1, the blood circuit is changed from blood to dialysate. It is preferable that the replacement can be detected and blood can be collected more accurately.
[0051]
  Priming, replacement fluid or blood recovery according to the above embodimentDialysis machineAccording to the present invention, it is possible to perform priming with a dialysate, replacement fluid, or blood recovery without adding a separate component to a conventional dialyzer having a reciprocating pump (see FIG. 9). The dialysis cost can be reduced as compared with the method using the method and the method of adding a separate pump. Further, even if the operation of the reciprocating pump 6 and the operation of the blood pump 3 are not synchronized, it is possible to reliably prevent the pressure of the blood circuit 1 or the like from being excessively damaged.
[0052]
In addition, since a dialysis machine having a reciprocating pump that pumps dialysate with a single plunger is used, it is superior in quantitative performance, especially when compared with other pumps when replacing fluid or collecting blood. It is. That is, when an iron pump or the like is provided in the dialysate introduction line L1, etc., the amount of dialysate sent out becomes unstable, making it difficult to perform accurate replacement or blood recovery. On the other hand, in the case of a reciprocating pump, the dialysate is accurately delivered by the volume of the pump chamber (in this embodiment, the chamber communicated with the dialysate introduction line L1).
[0053]
As mentioned above, although this embodiment was described, this invention is not limited to this, If it is a dialysis apparatus of the type which has a single plunger and introduce | transduces a dialysate into the dialyzer 2 by the reciprocating motion of this plunger, it is applicable. Is possible. Further, instead of making the blood pump capable of forward and reverse rotation, a device that can rotate only in a certain direction may be used to change the flow direction of the liquid in the blood circuit by changing the arrangement direction of the pump. Good. Furthermore, a clamp may be provided on the overflow line L6 used in the pre-process and post-process of priming to improve the priming operability.
[0054]
In the state where the patient has punctured the arterial puncture needle and the venous side puncture needle, the shut-off valve 9 is opened, the reciprocating pump 6 is stopped, the water removal pump 8 is driven, and the blood pump 3 is rotated forward. The blood removal operation may be performed. At this time. The bypass line shutoff valve 10 is closed. Thereby, since the reciprocating pump 8 is stopped, the dialysate is not introduced into the dialyzer 2, while the blood is collected from both the artery and vein of the patient, and the blood circuit 1, dialyzer 2, dialysate is discharged. After passing through the line L2 and the water removal line L3, it is discharged out of the dialyzer.
[0055]
Therefore, since the dialysis apparatus and the blood circuit described above can be applied to blood removal work as they are, the range of work that can be performed with the dialysis machine can be expanded. That is, in addition to the priming, replacement fluid, and blood collection as described above, blood removal can also be performed with this dialysis apparatus, and the workability of medical personnel can be greatly improved.
[0056]
Furthermore, in order to improve safety, as shown in FIG. 7, a pressure sensor S1 is provided in the dialysate introduction line L1, and the pressure of the dialysate flowing through the dialysate introduction line L1 is measured during priming. It may be configured. The pressure sensor S1 can detect the indentation pressure of the dialysate introduced into the dialyzer 2, and can recognize in advance whether or not the permeable membrane in the dialyzer 2 is appropriate.
[0057]
That is, especially when the flow rate of the dialysate into the dialyzer 2 is large, such as priming, the pressure sensor S1 detects the pressure, so that the dialyzer 2 having a low permeability (UFR) of the permeable membrane is used by mistake. It is possible to prevent the dialyzer 2 from being damaged. In addition to the time of priming, the pressure sensor S may be used to detect the pressure at the time of replacement fluid or blood collection, and reciprocation so that the pressure of the pressure sensor becomes a certain value (preferably about 300 to 400 mmHg). If the speed of the dynamic pump 6 is automatically adjusted on the dialysis machine side, it is possible to set the optimum liquid feeding speed during priming for the dialyzer 2.
[0058]
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the blood circuit 1 arteries are collected at the time of blood collection by the pressure sensors S2 and S3 provided on the arterial side (newly required) and the venous side (existing) in the blood circuit 1, respectively. You may make it detect the pressure of the dialysate or the blood which flows through the side and the vein side.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
  Claim1'sAccording to the invention, since priming, replacement fluid or blood recovery is performed using an existing dialysis apparatus having a reciprocating pump that pumps the dialysate with a single plunger, the dialysate can be used without adding a separate pump. While priming, replacement fluid or blood recovery can be performed, replacement fluid or blood recovery excellent in quantitative properties can be performed. In addition, since it is not necessary to synchronize the pump on the blood circuit side (that is, the blood pump) and the pump on the dialyzer side, it is possible to easily perform priming, replacement fluid, or blood recovery work, and damage the blood purifier or the like. It can be surely prevented and safety can be improved.Furthermore, since the dewatering pump is stopped and the bypass line shut-off valve is opened at the time of priming, replacement fluid or blood collection, the dialysate can be circulated between the bypass line and the reciprocating pump. It is possible to avoid an excessive negative pressure in the chamber on the dialysate discharge line side of the pump.
[0060]
  Claim2According to the invention, the blood pump is reversed to perform priming or blood collection, while the blood pump is rotated forward to perform the replacement fluid, so that each operation can be performed accurately and efficiently.
[0061]
  ClaimThreeAccording to the invention, at the time of priming, part of the dialysate introduced into the blood purifier flows into the arterial blood circuit, and the other flows into the venous blood circuit and joins in the drip chamber. The air pushed out in the blood circuit during the flow of the dialysate can be prevented from being mixed in the blood purifier, and the subsequent hemodialysis operation can be improved.
[0062]
  ClaimFourAccording to the invention, at the time of priming, the dialysate introduced into the blood purifier flows through the blood circuit on the venous side and reaches the drip chamber, and the drip dialysate further flows through the blood circuit on the arterial side and is again in the blood purifier Therefore, the direction in which the dialysate flows is the same direction as the blood flow during hemodialysis, and smoother priming can be performed.
[0063]
  ClaimOf 5According to the present invention, it can be seen that the inside of the blood circuit is replaced with blood from the blood by the discrimination sensor, so that the blood recovery operation can be performed more accurately.
[0064]
According to the invention of claim 6 and claim 12, since the dewatering pump is stopped and the bypass line shut-off valve is opened at the time of priming, replacement fluid or blood collection, the bypass line and the reciprocating pump are The dialysate can be circulated, and it is possible to avoid an excessive negative pressure in the chamber on the dialysate discharge line side in the reciprocating pump.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a dialysis apparatus applied to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a priming method (previous process) of a dialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a priming method (post-process) of a dialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a priming method of a dialysis device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a replacement fluid method of a dialysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a blood collection method of a dialysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a priming method of a dialysis device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a blood collection method of a dialysis device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional dialysis machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Blood circuit
1a ... Arterial tip
1b ... Vein side tip
2 ... Dializer (blood purifier)
2a ... Blood inlet
2b ... Blood outlet
2c Dialysate inlet
2d ... Dialysate outlet
3 ... Blood pump
4. Drip chamber
5 ... Saline
6. Reciprocating pump
7 ... Plunger
8 ... Water removal pump
9 ... Shut-off valve
10 ... Detour line shut-off valve
11, 11 '... Bubble detector
12a, 12b ... discrimination sensor
L1 Dialysate introduction line
L2 ... Dialysate discharge line
L3 ... Water removal line
L4 ... Detour line
L5 ... Raw food line
L6 ... Overflow line
S1 to S3 ... Pressure sensor

Claims (5)

A blood purification membrane is provided, and a blood introduction port for introducing blood and a blood outlet for extracting introduced blood are formed, and a dialysate introduction port for introducing dialysate and a dialysate discharge for discharging the introduced dialysate A blood purifier in which an outlet is formed, and a dialysate is brought into contact with the blood through the blood purification membrane to perform a dialysis purification action;
A blood circuit with a blood pump;
A dialysate introduction line connected to the dialysate inlet of the blood purifier and introducing dialysate;
A dialysate discharge line connected to the dialysate discharge port of the blood purifier and discharging dialysate;
A reciprocating motion that has a single plunger disposed across the dialysate introduction line and the dialysate discharge line, and causes the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line and the dialysate discharge line to flow by the reciprocation of the plunger. A pump,
A shutoff valve that shuts off the flow of dialysate in the dialysate discharge line and stops the discharge of dialysate from the dialysate discharge port of the blood purifier;
In a dialysis machine having
A water removal line extending around the reciprocating pump from the upstream side to the downstream side of the reciprocating pump of the dialysate discharge line;
A water removal pump connected to the water removal line;
A bypass line that bypasses the water removal line while bypassing the reciprocating pump;
A bypass line shut-off valve for blocking the flow of the bypass line;
The dewatering pump is stopped and the bypass line shut-off valve is opened, and the reciprocating pump is driven with the shut-off valve closed , and the dialysate inlet of the blood purifier is provided. A dialysis machine characterized in that priming, replacement fluid or blood recovery is performed by pumping the dialysate into the tube. The blood pump is capable of forward and reverse rotation, and the blood pump is reversed to perform priming or blood collection, while the blood pump is rotated forward to perform replacement fluid, thereby performing priming, replacement fluid or blood collection. 2. The dialysis apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the dialysis apparatus is selectively performed . The drip chamber is provided on the downstream side of the blood purifier in the blood circuit, and the blood pump is reversed while driving the reciprocating pump in a state where both ends of the blood circuit are connected to the dialysate introduction line. The dialysis apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a dialysis solution is introduced into the blood purifier and the dialysis solution is overflowed from the drip chamber to perform priming. Priming by causing the dialysate introduced into the drip chamber to overflow and flowing to the blood circuit upstream of the blood purifier through the connecting portions at both ends of the blood circuit by causing the blood pump to rotate forward The dialysis apparatus according to claim 3 . Including a discrimination sensor for discriminating whether or not the liquid flowing through the blood circuit upstream and downstream of the blood purifier is blood, and when the discrimination sensor determines that the blood is not blood in the blood recovery, The dialyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the introduction of the dialysate from the dialysate introduction line is stopped.

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