JP5270585B2 - 高速光導電体 - Google Patents
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
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- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0304—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
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- H01L31/184—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIIBV compounds, e.g. GaAs, InP
- H01L31/1844—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIIBV compounds, e.g. GaAs, InP comprising ternary or quaternary compounds, e.g. Ga Al As, In Ga As P
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Description
間隙を有する。中央畝部の間隙において、大きな光導電性半導体層42は、半導体基板40上に堆積されており、2つの配線32aおよび32bに電極36a、36bを介して導電性に接続されている。送信動作のために、電圧Ubを電極36a、36bまたは導電性配線32a、32bを介して印加することができる。
・特定の波長での感光性
・発生した光電荷キャリアの高い移動性
・照射を消した後の絶縁状態への高速減衰
光導電性の高速減衰は、高速再結合中心を表わす点欠陥を、光導電性半導体層42に導入することによって得られる。顕著な例は、分子線エピタキシー法(MBE)によって低温で(<200℃)GaAs上に堆積されるいわゆるLT(Low Temperature:低温)GaAs層である。分子線エピタキシー法は、結晶層を生成するための真空系の堆積法である。LT成長の結果、点欠陥または不純物クラスタの形態である深い不純物が生じ、この深い不純物は、サブピコ秒領域における再結合を引き起こす。したがって、LTGaAsは、光導電体ベースのTHzアンテナのための標準材料として用いられる(たとえばB.S.グプタ(Gupta)、J.F.ウィテカー(Whitaker)、G.A.モーロー(Mourou)、「分子線エピタキシー法により超低基板温度で成長されたIII−V族半導体における超高速キャリア力学(Ultrafast carrier dynamics in III-V semiconductors grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at very low substrate temperatures)」、IEEE J. Quantum Electron.、28、2464、(1992)、またはD.ミットルマン(Mittleman)(編者)、「テラヘルツ放射を用いたセンシング(Sensing with Terahertz Radiation)」、ISBN 3−540−43110−1、シュプリンガーフェアラーク、ベルリン−ハイデルベルグ、ニューヨーク、2003年、S.M.ダフィー(Duffy)、S.バルキーズ(Verghese)、K.A.マッキントッシュ(McIntosh)の著した章「連続波テラヘルツ放射のための光混合器(Photomixer for Continuous-Wave Terahertz Radiation)」、pp.190、およびI.S.グレゴリー(Gregory)、C.ベーカー(Baker)、W.R.トライブ(Tribe)、I.V.ブラッドレー(Bradley)、M.J.エバンズ(Evans)、E.H.リンフィールド(Linfield)、A.G.デービス(Davies)、M.ミズース(
Missous)、「連続波テラヘルツ放射のための光混合器およびアンテナの最適化(Optimization of photomixers and antennas for continuous-wave terahertz emission)」、IEEE J. Quantum Electronics、第41巻、717(2005)参照)。
system using low-temperature-grown InGaAs photomixers)」、Optics Express、第13巻、9639、(2005))。しかしながら、この材料システムにおいて、波長領域は1μmをわずかに超えてしか偏移されず、LT−GaAsと比較して相当劣った特性が得られた。
この発明の好ましい実施例は、添付の図面を参照して以下に述べられる.
これは、予め定められた波長領域について光導電性を有する半導体層64を、バンドギャップがこの光導電性半導体層64よりも大きい2つの半導体境界層62間に備える積層をもたらす。
、かつInAlAsを半導体境界層62に用いるとき、光導電性層64にある電極が価電子帯から伝導帯へ上昇する光の予め定められた波長領域の範囲は、0.5μm〜2μm、特に、1μm〜1.6μmである。
この効果を増倍させるために、薄い光導電性層64と再結合中心を備えた境界層62とを交互に備えた層パケット72を用いることができる。光吸収および光導電性に関して有効な総厚みが増大し、その一方で個々の薄層は、各々その特性を維持する。
ている。
2中に移す、この発明の概念の機能を具体化する。
Claims (19)
- 予め定められた波長領域について光導電性を有する半導体層(64)をバンドギャップが前記光導電性半導体層(64)よりも大きい2つの半導体境界層(62)間に含む積層(72)を、基板(60)上に備え、前記半導体境界層(62)は、前記光導電性半導体層(64)からの自由電荷キャリアを捕捉し、再結合するための深い不純物を含み、前記光導電性半導体層(64)の厚みの範囲は、30nm未満であり、さらに
2つの電極(36a、36b)を備え、前記電極は、前記電極(36a、36b)間の前記光導電性半導体層(64)を通る横方向の電流のために、前記光導電性半導体層(64)に接続されている
光導電体。 - 前記半導体境界層(62)の有する前記深い不純物の濃度は、前記半導体境界層(62)の影響がない前記光導電性半導体層(64)にある自由電荷キャリアの濃度以上である、請求項1に記載の光導電体。
- 前記積層(72)は、2つの半導体境界層(62)間にある光導電性半導体層(64)の周期的な繰り返しである、請求項1または2に記載の光導電体。
- 前記積層(72)は、前記電極(36a、36b)による前記光導電性半導体層(64)の横方向のコンタクトを備えたメサ構造として実装される、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の光導電体。
- 前記予め定められた波長領域の範囲は、0.5μm〜2μmである、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の光導電体。
- 前記基板は、InPまたはGaAs半導体基板である、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の光導電体。
- 前記光導電性半導体層(64)は、InGaAsまたはInGaAsP半導体材料を含む、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の光導電体。
- 前記光導電性層(64)は、光が前記光導電性層(64)中に光導波路(80)を介して横方向に照射されることができるように、前記光導波路(80)に結合されている、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の光導電体。
- 前記光導電性半導体層(64)は、ベリリウムでドープされている、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の光導電体。
- 前記半導体境界層(62)は、InAlAs半導体材料を含む、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の光導電体。
- 請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の光導電体を含む、テラヘルツ放射を放出し、受取るためのアンテナであって、前記光導電体の前記電極(36a、36b)は、前記アンテナの導電性配線に接続されている、アンテナ。
- 光導電体を製造する方法であって、
予め定められた波長領域について光導電性を有する半導体層(64)をバンドギャップが前記光導電性半導体層(64)よりも大きい2つの半導体境界層(62)間に含む積層を、基板(60)上に堆積するステップを備え、前記半導体境界層(62)は、前記光導電性半導体層(64)からの自由電荷キャリアを捕捉し、再結合するための深い不純物を含み、前記光導電性半導体層(64)の厚みの範囲は、30nm未満であり、さらに
2つの電極(36a、36b)間の前記光導電性半導体層(64)を通る横方向の電流のために、前記光導電性半導体層(64)を前記電極間で電気的にコンタクトさせるステップを備える、方法。 - 基板としてInPまたはGaAs半導体基板を用いる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記光導電性層(64)および前記半導体境界層(62)を各々、分子線エピタキシー法によって成長させる、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記光導電性半導体層(64)を、200℃を超えた温度(T2)で成長させる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体境界層(62)を各々、200℃未満の温度(T1)で成長させる、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 前記光導電性半導体層(64)および前記半導体境界層(62)を各々、同じ温度(T1、T2)で成長させる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記同じ温度(T1、T2)の範囲は、350℃〜500℃である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記同じ温度(T1、T2)の範囲は、200℃未満である、請求項17に記載の方法。
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DE102007012475.0 | 2007-03-15 | ||
DE102007012475A DE102007012475B4 (de) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | Schneller Photoleiter und Verfahren zur Herstellung und Antenne mit Photoleiter |
PCT/EP2008/001899 WO2008110329A2 (de) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-03-10 | Schneller photoleiter |
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EP (1) | EP2111647B1 (ja) |
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DE102007012475B4 (de) | 2007-03-15 | 2009-02-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Schneller Photoleiter und Verfahren zur Herstellung und Antenne mit Photoleiter |
WO2010136605A2 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Eth Zurich | Microwave circuit |
GB0912512D0 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-08-26 | Univ Leeds | Generating and detecting radiation |
KR101385108B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-17 | 2014-04-29 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 포토믹서 모듈 및 그것의 테라헤르츠파 발생 방법 |
DE102010049658A1 (de) * | 2010-10-25 | 2012-04-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Effizienz-verbessertes fasergekoppeltes Terahertzsystem |
JP6003063B2 (ja) | 2012-01-18 | 2016-10-05 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 光伝導アンテナ、テラヘルツ波発生装置、カメラ、イメージング装置および計測装置 |
KR101897257B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-14 | 2018-09-11 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 광 검출기 및 그를 구비한 광학 소자 |
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