JP5260303B2 - 筋肉損失の治療のための方法 - Google Patents
筋肉損失の治療のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、概して、哺乳類における筋肉損失の治療に関する。より詳細には、そのような筋肉損失の治療における、1つ又は2つ以上の分岐鎖アミノ酸(BCAA)、BCAA前駆体、BCAA代謝物、BCAAリッチタンパク質、BCAA含量が増加するように操作されたタンパク質、又はそれらの任意の組合せ、の投与に関する。本発明は更に、そのような投与に適した栄養製剤に関する。
アミノ酸は、タンパク質の単量体構成単位であり、タンパク質は、酵素、抗体、ホルモン、イオン若しくは小分子の輸送分子、コラーゲン及び筋組織を始めとする広範な生体化合物を構成する。アミノ酸は、水への溶解性、特に側鎖の極性に基づいて、疎水性又は親水性と見なされる。極性側鎖を有するアミノ酸は親水性であり、非極性側鎖を有するアミノ酸は疎水性である。アミノ酸の溶解性は、タンパク質の構造をある程度決定する。親水性アミノ酸は、タンパク質の表面を構成する傾向があり、疎水性アミノ酸は、タンパク質の、水に不溶性の内部を構成する傾向がある。
特定の腫瘍が、タンパク質分解誘導因子(PIF)と呼ばれる24kDaの糖タンパク質の産生を介して悪液質を誘導する可能性があることが判明している。提唱されているPIFの作用機序の1つは、タンパク質合成を低下させることであり、提唱されているPIFの作用機序のもう1つは、タンパク質分解の活性化であり、提唱されている第3の機序は、上述のタンパク質合成の低下及びタンパク質分解の活性化の組合せである。PIFに関連するタンパク質合成の低下は、タンパク質合成の翻訳プロセスを阻害するPIFの能力によるものとの仮説が立てられている。もう1つの因子であるアンジオテンシンII(Ang II)は同様の作用を示すが、悪液質の一部の症例で観察される筋消耗に関与している可能性がある。
タンパク質合成の阻害におけるPIFの役割は、下流因子のRNA依存性タンパク質キナーゼ(PKR)活性化を介して翻訳を阻害するという、PIFの理論的に裏付けられた能力によるものとの仮説が立てられている。PIFによるタンパク質合成の阻害は、生理学的濃度又はそれ以下の濃度のインスリンによって減弱される。インスリンは、翻訳開始におけるメッセンジャーRNA(mRNA)結合ステップの活性化を介してタンパク質合成を制御するので、上述のことは、PIFが翻訳開始段階でタンパク質合成を阻害する可能性があることを示唆する。
多数の研究により、タンパク質同化因子(例えば、インスリン、インスリン様成長因子(IGF)、アミノ酸)は、タンパク質合成を増大させ、筋肥大を引き起こすことが示されている。分岐鎖アミノ酸(BCAA)、特にロイシンは、翻訳開始を調節するシグナル伝達経路を開始できる。このような経路は、しばしばmTORを含む。他の研究では、分裂促進物質(例えば、インスリン及びBCAA)は、eIF2を通じてシグナルを伝達することが示されている。アミノ酸欠乏は、eIF2−αのリン酸化の増大及びタンパク質合成の減少をもたらす。
上述のように、PIFは、NF−κB経路を通じてタンパク質分解を誘導することが知られている。それ故、PIFによるタンパク質合成の阻害は、共通のシグナル伝達開始点を通じて起こり、次いで、2つの別々の経路に分岐し、一方は、NF−κBを通じてタンパク質分解を促進し、他方は、mTOR及び/又はeIF2を通じてタンパク質合成を阻害する、と考えるのが妥当である。
悪液質のような状態の治療は、多くの場合、タンパク質合成の増大を目的とした栄養補充、特にアミノ酸補充を含む。3種のBCAAは、バリン、ロイシン及びイソロイシンである。これまでに、ロイシンは、タンパク質構成単位としてだけではなく、翻訳開始を調節するシグナル伝達経路の誘導因子としても機能することが判明している。本発明者らの最新の研究では、3種のBCAAのすべてが、同程度に、タンパク質分解を低下させ、タンパク質翻訳を増大させる能力を有することが示唆される。
筋肉異化の減少における、分岐鎖アミノ酸(BCAA)及びその他の物質の効力を調べるために、マウスC2C12筋管を、アミノ酸(BCAAを含む)、インスリン、インスリン様成長因子−1(IGF−1)及びPKR阻害剤と組み合わせた、PIF又はアンジオテンシンIIに曝露した。PIFは、Smithら,Effect of a Cancer Cachectic Factor on Protein Synthesis/Degradation in Murine C2C12 Myoblasts:Modulation by Eicosapentaenoic Acid,Cancer Research,59:5507〜13頁(1999)(参照されることにより本明細書に組み込まれる。)に記載の方法で、MAC16腫瘍から抽出し、精製した。タンパク質分解は、Whitehouseら,Increased Expression of the Ubiquitin−Proteasome Pathway in Murine Myotubes by Proteolysis−inducing Factor(PIF) is Associated with Activation of the Transcription Factor NF−κB,British Journal of Cancer,89:1116〜22頁(2003)(参照されることにより本明細書に組み込まれる。)に記載の方法を用いて測定した。
Claims (28)
- 個体における筋肉損失を治療するための薬剤であって、
分岐鎖アミノ酸(BCAA)、BCAA前駆体又はBCAA代謝物の少なくとも1種を含み、
BCAA、BCAA前駆体又はBCAA代謝物の少なくとも1種が、RNA依存性プロテインキナーゼ(PKR)阻害剤と組み合わせて投与されるように用いられ、
筋肉損失の治療は、タンパク質異化に拮抗することによって達成され、
BCAA前駆体はピルベートであり、
BCAA代謝物は、β−ヒドロキシ−β−メチルブチレート及びβ−ケトイソカプロエートからなる群より選択される、薬剤。 - 複数のBCAAが投与されるように用いられる、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- BCAAは、ロイシン、イソロイシン及びバリンからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- 筋肉損失の治療は、タンパク質異化に拮抗すること及びタンパク質合成を促進することによって達成される、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- BCAAが、ジペプチド、トリペプチド又はポリペプチドの少なくとも1種として投与されるように用いられる、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- ジペプチドは2つのBCAAを含む、請求項5に記載の薬剤。
- ジペプチドはアラニン及びグリシンの一方を含む、請求項5に記載の薬剤。
- ジペプチドは、アラニル−ロイシン、アラニル−イソロイシン、アラニル−バリン、グリシル−ロイシン、グリシル−イソロイシン及びグリシル−バリンからなる群より選択される、請求項5に記載の薬剤。
- トリペプチド又はポリペプチドは少なくとも2つのBCAAを含む、請求項5に記載の薬剤。
- BCAA、BCAA前駆体又はBCAA代謝物の少なくとも1種が、インスリン及びインスリン様成長因子1(IGF−1)の少なくとも一方と更に組み合わせて投与されるように用いられる、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- タンパク質異化は、
(a)タンパク質分解誘導因子(PIF)、
(b)アンジオテンシンII、
(c)PKR、
(d)eIF2α、又は
(e)それらの組合せ
によって直接的又は間接的に媒介される、請求項1に記載の薬剤。 - 個体は、悪液質;癌;腫瘍に起因する体重減少;敗血症;慢性心不全;関節リウマチ;後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS);筋肉減少症;糖尿病;高血圧症;血清コレステロール高値;トリグリセリド高値;パーキンソン病;不眠;薬物嗜癖;アルコール嗜癖;疼痛;不眠;低血糖;肝硬変を含む肝機能障害;胆嚢疾患;舞踏病;ジスキネジア;及び尿毒症を含む腎障害、の少なくとも1種を有する、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- 個体における筋肉損失を治療するための栄養製品であって、
分岐鎖アミノ酸(BCAA)、BCAA前駆体又はBCAA代謝物の少なくとも1種を含み、
RNA依存性プロテインキナーゼ(PKR)阻害剤を更に含み、
筋肉損失の治療は、タンパク質異化に拮抗することによって達成され、
BCAA前駆体はピルベートであり、
BCAA代謝物は、β−ヒドロキシ−β−メチルブチレート及びβ−ケトイソカプロエートからなる群より選択される、製品。 - 複数のBCAAを含む、請求項14に記載の製品。
- BCAAは、ロイシン、イソロイシン及びバリンからなる群より選択される、請求項14に記載の製品。
- 筋肉損失の治療は、タンパク質異化に拮抗すること及びタンパク質合成を促進することによって達成される、請求項14に記載の製品。
- BCAAが、ジペプチド、トリペプチド又はポリペプチドの少なくとも1種として投与されるように用いられる、請求項14に記載の製品。
- ジペプチドは2つのBCAAを含む、請求項18に記載の製品。
- ジペプチドはアラニン及びグリシンの一方を含む、請求項18に記載の製品。
- ジペプチドは、アラニル−ロイシン、アラニル−イソロイシン、アラニル−バリン、グリシル−ロイシン、グリシル−イソロイシン及びグリシル−バリンからなる群より選択される、請求項18に記載の製品。
- トリペプチド又はポリペプチドは少なくとも2つのBCAAを含む、請求項18に記載の製品。
- インスリン及びインスリン様成長因子1(IGF−1)の少なくとも一方を更に含む、請求項14に記載の製品。
- タンパク質、繊維、脂肪酸、ビタミン、ミネラル、糖、炭水化物、香味料、薬物及び治療薬の少なくとも1種を更に含む、請求項14に記載の製品。
- タンパク質異化は、
(a)タンパク質分解誘導因子(PIF)、
(b)アンジオテンシンII、
(c)PKR、
(d)eIF2α、又は
(e)それらの組合せ
によって直接的又は間接的に媒介される、請求項14に記載の製品。 - 経口的に又は栄養チューブを通じて投与することが可能な、請求項14に記載の製品。
- 非経口的に投与することが可能な、請求項14に記載の製品。
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US74109205P | 2005-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | |
US60/741,092 | 2005-11-30 | ||
US78094106P | 2006-03-09 | 2006-03-09 | |
US60/780,941 | 2006-03-09 | ||
PCT/US2006/045497 WO2007064618A1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2006-11-28 | Methods for the treatment of muscle loss |
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US (1) | US8329646B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1957061B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5260303B2 (ja) |
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BR (1) | BRPI0619179A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2631647A1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1957061T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2363442T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1118455A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL191374A0 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY147489A (ja) |
PT (1) | PT1957061E (ja) |
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CN101316582A (zh) | 2008-12-03 |
ATE508745T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
RU2414897C2 (ru) | 2011-03-27 |
AU2006320670B8 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
ES2363442T3 (es) | 2011-08-04 |
PT1957061E (pt) | 2011-07-06 |
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