JP5213745B2 - 石炭ガス化ガスからの二酸化炭素回収システム - Google Patents
石炭ガス化ガスからの二酸化炭素回収システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る二酸化炭素回収システム10を示す説明図である。なお、図1においては、一酸化炭素をCOと表示し、二酸化炭素をCO2と表示している。
二酸化炭素回収システム10は、石炭ガス化ガスを生成するガス化炉11と、脱硫装置12と、COシフト器13と、除湿装置14と、ガス冷却装置16と、二酸化炭素回収装置18と、を備える。
ガス化炉11は、石炭を高温高圧下で部分燃焼(酸化)させて主に水素及び一酸化炭素等を含む石炭ガス化ガスを生成する。ガス化炉11には、気体酸素を吹き込むための酸素供給ライン(酸素供給経路)L1,L2,L3が接続されている。
脱硫装置12は、ガス化炉11からラインL5を流れてきた石炭ガス化ガス中の硫黄分を除去する。石炭ガス化ガス中の硫黄分を除去することにより、システムを構成する各装置の腐食防止にも資する。脱硫装置12は、ラインL6によってCOシフト器13と接続されている。
COシフト器(COシフト装置)13は、脱硫装置12からラインL6を流れてきた石炭ガス化ガス中の一酸化炭素(CO)を、蒸気の存在により二酸化炭素(CO2)及び水素(H2)にシフトする(CO+H2O→CO2+H2)ように構成されている。
除湿装置14は、COシフト器13を経た石炭ガス化ガスから水分を除去可能に構成されている。石炭ガス化ガスが、後述するガス冷却装置16に導入されて冷却(熱交換)されたときに、ガス冷却装置16の伝熱管に氷が付着しないようにするためである。
ガス冷却装置16は、除湿装置14を経た石炭ガス化ガスと、深冷分離装置20によって生成された液体酸素とを熱交換する熱交換器である。ガス冷却装置16は、液体酸素供給ライン(液体酸素供給経路)L11によって深冷分離装置20と接続されると共に、酸素供給ラインL3によってガス化炉11と接続され、更に、ラインL9によって二酸化炭素回収装置18と接続されている。
深冷分離装置20は、原料となる空気を加圧冷却して液体酸素及び液体窒素を生成すると共に、気体酸素及び気体窒素を生成可能に構成されている。すなわち、深冷分離装置20は、酸素供給ラインL1,L2によってガス化炉11と接続され、気体酸素及び気体窒素を、酸素供給ラインL1,L2を介してガス化炉11に供給可能に構成されている。
二酸化炭素回収装置18は、ガス冷却装置16を経た石炭ガス化ガスを、深冷分離装置20によって生成された液体窒素の冷熱により冷却し、当該石炭ガス化ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素を液化分離して回収する熱交換器である。
次に、二酸化炭素回収システム10の動作(作用及び効果)について図1、図2及び図3を参照して説明する。ここで、図2は、図1の各ポイント(ポイントP1〜ポイントP10)における熱物質収支計算結果を示す図である。すなわち、図2は、図1の各ポイント(ポイントP1〜ポイントP10)における石炭ガス化ガスの相の種類、温度、圧力、平均分子量、モル流量及び組成を示す。図3は、二酸化炭素の飽和圧力と温度との関係を示すグラフ図である。
図4は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る二酸化炭素回収システム30を示す説明図である。図5は、図4の各ポイント(ポイントP1〜ポイントP10)における熱物質収支計算結果を示す図である。
図4に示すように、第2実施形態に係る二酸化炭素回収システム30は、第1実施形態に係る二酸化炭素回収システム10の構成(図1参照)において、除湿装置14とガス冷却装置16の間のラインL8に圧縮機(圧縮装置)15を設けると共に、ガス冷却装置16と二酸化炭素回収装置18の間のラインL9に圧縮機(圧縮装置)17を設けている点が主に相違する。
すなわち、図4に示すように、圧縮機15は、ラインL8aによって除湿装置14と接続され、ラインL8bによってガス冷却装置16と接続されている。また、圧縮機17は、ラインL9aによってガス冷却装置16と接続され、ラインL9bによって二酸化炭素回収装置18と接続されている。
除湿装置14を経た石炭ガス化ガス(図5のポイントP1において圧力が3.2MPa)は、圧縮機15によって圧縮される(図5のポイントP2において圧力が5.4MPa)。この圧縮によって石炭ガス化ガスは昇温するが(温度が5℃(図5のポイントP1)から約49℃(図5のポイントP2))、ガス冷却装置16において深冷分離装置20から供給される液体酸素によって冷却される。
11 ガス化炉
12 脱硫装置
13 COシフト器(COシフト装置)
14 除湿装置
15,17 圧縮機(圧縮装置)
16 ガス冷却装置
18 二酸化炭素回収装置
20 深冷分離装置
30 二酸化炭素回収システム
L1,L2,L3 酸素供給ライン(酸素供給経路)
L4 窒素供給ライン(窒素供給経路)
L5,L6,L7,L8,L8a,L8b,L9,L9a,L9b,L10 ライン
L11 液体酸素供給ライン(液体酸素供給経路)
L12 液体窒素供給ライン(液体窒素供給経路)
L13 ライン
Claims (5)
- 石炭をガス化して燃焼用の石炭ガス化ガスを生成するガス化炉と、
前記石炭ガス化ガスに含まれる硫黄分を除去する脱硫装置と、
前記脱硫装置を経た前記石炭ガス化ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に変換するCOシフト装置と、
前記COシフト装置を経た前記石炭ガス化ガスに含まれる水分を除去する除湿装置と、
前記除湿装置を経た前記石炭ガス化ガスを冷却するガス冷却装置と、
前記ガス冷却装置を経た前記石炭ガス化ガスに含まれる前記二酸化炭素を冷却して回収する二酸化炭素回収装置と、
を備える石炭ガス化ガスからの二酸化炭素回収システムであって、
空気から前記ガス化炉の燃焼に用いられる気体酸素及び気体窒素を生成すると共に液体酸素及び液体窒素を生成する深冷分離装置と、
前記気体酸素を前記ガス化炉に供給する酸素供給経路と、
前記液体酸素の冷熱を前記ガス冷却装置に供給する液体酸素供給経路と、
前記液体窒素の冷熱を前記二酸化炭素回収装置に供給する液体窒素供給経路と、
を備えることを特徴とする石炭ガス化ガスからの二酸化炭素回収システム。 - 前記液体酸素供給経路から前記ガス冷却装置に供給され、当該ガス冷却装置で気化した酸素を前記ガス化炉に供給する酸素供給経路を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の石炭ガス化ガスからの二酸化炭素回収システム。
- 前記液体窒素供給経路から前記二酸化炭素回収装置に供給され、当該二酸化炭素回収装置で気化した窒素を前記ガス化炉に供給する窒素供給経路を備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の石炭ガス化ガスからの二酸化炭素回収システム。
- 前記石炭ガス化ガスの流路における前記ガス冷却装置の上流側には、前記除湿装置を経た当該石炭ガス化ガスを圧縮する圧縮装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の石炭ガス化ガスからの二酸化炭素回収システム。
- 前記石炭ガス化ガスの流路における前記二酸化炭素回収装置の上流側には、前記ガス冷却装置を経た当該石炭ガス化ガスを圧縮する圧縮装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の石炭ガス化ガスからの二酸化炭素回収システム。
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