JP5183963B2 - 内視鏡的経管腔手術システム - Google Patents
内視鏡的経管腔手術システム Download PDFInfo
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3417—Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B1/00131—Accessories for endoscopes
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- A61B17/3439—Cannulas with means for changing the inner diameter of the cannula, e.g. expandable
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Description
本発明は、内視鏡的経管腔手術用の方法および器具に関する。
内視鏡手術は、人体の生まれつき備わっている開口部(口、肛門、膣、尿道)を介し、腹腔の腹膜内層を通って腹腔に接近するために利用できる。明らかなこととして、腹腔内での医療処置を実施するために体内管腔に通すことができる器械の寸法および形状は、管腔の解剖学的特性に起因して大幅に制限される。一般的な外科医、胃腸病専門医、および他の医学的専門家は、管腔内(消化管の管腔内)検査および治療のために、上部消化器(GI)管においては口から、下部GI管においては肛門から、可撓性内視鏡を慣例的に用いている。これらの処置において、外科医は、可撓性内視鏡を管腔内に押し込み、定期的に中断して外部操作ノブを用いて内視鏡の遠位端部を関節運動させ、内視鏡の遠位先端部の向きを変える。このように、外科医は、上部GIの湾曲した通路を進み、咽頭を通過し、食道および食道胃接合部を通り、そして胃の中に入ることができる。外科医は、管腔の敏感な粘膜内層を傷付けないように多大な注意を払わなければならず、この粘膜内層は、一般に、伸びて約15〜25mmの直径まで開く場合があるが、通常は、弛緩時には非円形の断面形態を有する。
本発明は、内視鏡手術に用いられる種々の方法および器具を提供する。一実施形態では、経管腔トロカール器具が提供され、この器具は、細長い可撓性トロカールスリーブであって、トロカールスリーブを貫通して延びる内部ルーメンを備えた、トロカールスリーブと、トロカールスリーブを貫通して設けられた細長い可撓性栓塞子(obturator)とを有する。栓塞子は、可撓性栓塞子を貫通して延びていて、内視鏡を受け入れるように寸法決めされた内部ルーメン、および可撓性栓塞子の遠位端部のところに設けられていて、栓塞子およびトロカールスリーブを組織に通して穿通させて誘導し、それにより内視鏡を組織に通して挿入させるように形作られた、遠位先端部を有する。可撓性トロカールスリーブおよび細長い可撓性栓塞子のうちの少なくとも一方は、経管腔的な設置(positioning translumenally)を容易にするよう、剛性の異なる少なくとも2つの領域を含む。
ここで、本明細書において開示する器具および方法の構造、機能、製造方法、および用途の原理が全面的に理解されるよう、ある特定の例示の実施形態について説明する。これら実施形態の1または2以上の実施例は、添付の図面に示されている。当業者であれば、本明細書において具体的に説明すると共に添付の図面に図示される器具および方法は、非限定的な例示の実施形態であり、本発明の範囲は、特許請求の範囲の記載にのみ基づいて定められることは理解されよう。例示の一実施形態と関連して図示されまたは説明される特徴は、他の実施形態の特徴と組み合わせることができる。かかる改造例および変形例は、本発明の範囲に含まれるものと意図される。
具体的に言えば、シールは、トロカールスリーブ30における栓塞子20および内視鏡の通過を可能にする一方で、トロカールスリーブにおける液体または気体の通過を制限しまたは阻止することができる。当業者であれば理解されるように、ハウジングは、当該技術分野において知られている種々の他の特徴を有してもよく、このハウジングは、事実上任意の寸法および形状を有することができる。栓塞子20はまた、ハウジングを有する必要はなく、むしろ、内視鏡に被せてトロカールスリーブを通って摺動自在に配置できる単に細長いシャフトであってもよい。
(1)経管腔トロカール器具において、
細長い可撓性トロカールスリーブであって、前記トロカールスリーブを貫通して延びる内部ルーメンを備えた、トロカールスリーブと、
前記トロカールスリーブを貫通して設けられた細長い可撓性栓塞子であって、
前記栓塞子を貫通して延びていて、内視鏡を受け入れるように寸法決めされた内部ルーメン、および、
前記栓塞子の遠位端部のところに設けられていて、前記栓塞子および前記トロカールスリーブを組織に通して穿通させて誘導することにより、内視鏡を組織中に挿入させるように形作られた遠位先端部、
を有する、栓塞子と、
を備える、器具。
(2)実施態様(1)記載の器具において、
前記可撓性トロカールスリーブおよび前記細長い可撓性栓塞子のうちの少なくとも一方は、経管腔的に設置を容易にするよう互いに異なる剛性の少なくとも2つの領域を含む、器具。
(3)実施態様(1)に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部の少なくとも一部が、透明である、器具。
(4)実施態様(1)に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部は、概ね円錐の形をしている、器具。
(5)実施態様(1)に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部の組織穿通を容易にする、少なくとも1つの切断要素を有する、器具。
(6)実施態様(5)に記載の器具において、
前記少なくとも1つの切断要素は、前記遠位先端部の外面に形成されていて、尖った直線状のエッジを備える、少なくとも1つの刃を含む、器具。
(7)実施態様(1)に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部の外面から外方に延びていて、組織を分離するために回転するよう構成された、少なくとも1つのパドルを有する、器具。
(8)実施態様(1)に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部内に形成されていて、組織切断要素を挿通状態(therethrough)で受け入れる穴を有する、器具。
(9)実施態様(1)に記載の器具において、
前記トロカールスリーブは、前記トロカールスリーブ内に設けられている、少なくとも1つのシールを含み、
このシールは、前記トロカールスリーブにおける前記栓塞子の通過を可能にする一方で、前記トロカールスリーブにおける液体または気体の通過を制限または阻止する、器具。
(10)実施態様(9)に記載の器具において、
前記少なくとも1つのシールは、前記トロカールスリーブの近位端部のところに配置されたハウジング内に設けられている、器具。
(11)実施態様(1)に記載の器具において、
前記トロカールスリーブは、前記トロカールスリーブと前記栓塞子の前記遠位先端部との間のスムーズな移行部を形成する、テーパ形の遠位部分を有する、器具。
内視鏡に被せて配置できる細長い可撓性栓塞子であって、前記栓塞子の遠位端部に設けられた遠位先端部を有し、前記遠位先端部は、内視鏡の前記遠位端部を着座させることにより、前記内視鏡に設けられた画像収集ユニットが前記遠位先端部を通して視認される画像を収集することができるようになっており、前記遠位先端部は、組織を穿通するよう形作られている、栓塞子と、
前記栓塞子に被せて配置できる細長い可撓性トロカールスリーブであって、前記栓塞子が前記トロカールスリーブの遠位端部を越えて遠位側に延びて、前記トロカールスリーブを穿通されている組織を通して誘導する、トロカールスリーブと、
を備える、キット。
(13)実施態様(12)に記載のキットにおいて、
前記細長い可撓性栓塞子を貫通して設けられた内視鏡であって、前記内視鏡の遠位端部のところに設けられた光学画像収集ユニットを有する、内視鏡、
を更に有する、キット。
(14)実施態様(12)に記載のキットにおいて、
前記可撓性トロカールスリーブは、経管腔的な前記トロカールスリーブの設置を容易にするよう、剛性が変化している、キット。
(15)実施態様(12)に記載のキットにおいて、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部の組織穿通を容易にする、少なくとも1つの切断要素を有する、キット。
(16)実施態様(12)に記載のキットにおいて、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部中に形成されていて、組織切断要素を挿通状態で受け入れるように構成された、穴を有する、キット。
(17)実施態様(12)に記載のキットにおいて、
前記トロカールスリーブは、前記トロカールスリーブ内に設けられている、少なくとも1つのシールを含み、
このシールは、前記トロカールスリーブにおける前記栓塞子の通過を可能にする一方で、前記トロカールスリーブにおける液体または気体の通過を制限または阻止する、キット。
内視鏡を経管腔的に患者の体内を通して誘導し、前記内視鏡の近位端部が前記患者の体外に位置したままの状態で、前記内視鏡の遠位端部を、穿通されるべき組織に隣接して設置するステップと、
前記内視鏡の前記遠位端部のところに設けられた遠位先端部を、前記組織を通して誘導して、前記内視鏡の前記遠位端部を、前記組織を通して体腔内に誘導するステップと、
前記内視鏡および前記遠位先端部を、前記内視鏡の周りに配置された可撓性トロカールスリーブから取り出して、前記可撓性トロカールスリーブが、前記患者の体外から経管腔的に前記組織を通って前記体腔内に延びる作業チャネルを形成するようにするステップと、
を含む、方法。
(19)実施態様(18)に記載の方法において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記内視鏡の周りにかつ前記可撓性トロカールスリーブ内に設けられた栓塞子の遠位端部に形成されている、方法。
(20)実施態様(19)に記載の方法において、
前記内視鏡の取り出し後、前記内視鏡を前記栓塞子から取り出して、前記内視鏡を前記可撓性トロカールスリーブ内に挿入するステップ、
を更に有する、方法。
(21)実施態様(18)に記載の方法において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部に形成されていて、前記遠位先端部を前進させると前記組織を切断して前進する、少なくとも1つの切断要素を有する、方法。
(22)実施態様(18)に記載の方法において、
遠位先端部を組織に通して前進させる前に、組織切断要素を前記内視鏡と、前記遠位先端部内に形成された穴とを通して挿入し、前記組織を前記切断要素で切断するステップ、
を更に有する、方法。
(23)実施態様(18)に記載の方法において、
前記内視鏡の前記遠位端部の周りの領域の画像を用いて、前記内視鏡を経管腔的に誘導し、前記遠位先端部を前記組織に通して前進させ、
前記画像は、前記内視鏡の前記遠位端部内に設けられた画像収集ユニットによって収集される、方法。
Claims (16)
- 経管腔トロカール器具において、
細長い可撓性トロカールスリーブであって、前記トロカールスリーブを貫通して延びる内部ルーメンを備えた、トロカールスリーブと、
前記トロカールスリーブを貫通して設けられた細長い可撓性栓塞子であって、
前記栓塞子を貫通して延びていて、内視鏡を受け入れるように寸法決めされた内部ルーメン、および、
前記栓塞子の遠位端部のところに設けられていて、前記栓塞子および前記トロカールスリーブを組織に通して穿通させて誘導するように形作られた遠位先端部、
を有する、栓塞子と、
を備え、
前記遠位先端部の少なくとも一部が、透明であり、
前記遠位先端部は、概ね斜錐体形状をしており、
前記遠位先端部は、前記概ね斜錐体形状の頂点に形成されていて、内視鏡付属品を、前記遠位先端部を貫通して受け入れるための穴を有する、
器具。 - 請求項1に記載の器具において、
前記可撓性トロカールスリーブおよび前記細長い可撓性栓塞子のうちの少なくとも1つは、経管腔的な設置を容易にするよう、剛性の異なる少なくとも2つの領域を含む、器具。 - 請求項1に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部の組織穿通を容易にする、少なくとも1つの切断要素を有する、器具。 - 請求項3に記載の器具において、
前記少なくとも1つの切断要素は、前記遠位先端部の外面に形成されていて、尖った直線状のエッジを備える、少なくとも1つの刃を含む、器具。 - 請求項1に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部の外面から外方に延びていて、組織を分離するために回転するよう構成された、少なくとも1つのパドルを有する、器具。 - 請求項1に記載の器具において、
前記トロカールスリーブは、前記トロカールスリーブ内に設けられている、少なくとも1つのシールを含み、
このシールは、前記トロカールスリーブにおける前記栓塞子の通過を可能にする一方で、前記トロカールスリーブにおける液体または気体の通過を制限または阻止する、器具。 - 請求項6に記載の器具において、
前記少なくとも1つのシールは、前記トロカールスリーブの近位端部のところに配置されたハウジング内に設けられている、器具。 - 請求項1に記載の器具において、
前記内視鏡付属品は、ガイトワイヤまたは切断ツールである、器具。 - 経管腔トロカール器具において、
細長い可撓性トロカールスリーブであって、前記トロカールスリーブを貫通して延び、内視鏡を長さ方向に受け入れるための内部ルーメンを備えた、トロカールスリーブと、
前記トロカールスリーブの遠位端部内に位置するエンドキャップであって、当該エンドキャップの遠位端部のところに設けられ、前記トロカールスリーブを組織に通して穿通させて誘導するように形作られた遠位先端部を持ち、内視鏡の遠位端部に被せて着脱自在に配置可能なエンドキャップと、
を備え、
前記遠位先端部の少なくとも一部が、透明であり、
前記遠位先端部は、概ね斜錐体形状をしており、
前記遠位先端部は、前記概ね斜錐体形状の頂点に形成されていて、内視鏡付属品を、前記遠位先端部を貫通して受け入れるための穴を有する、
器具。 - 請求項9に記載の器具において、
前記可撓性トロカールスリーブは、経管腔的な設置を容易にするよう、剛性の異なる少なくとも2つの領域を含む、器具。 - 請求項9に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部の組織穿通を容易にする、少なくとも1つの切断要素を有する、器具。 - 請求項11に記載の器具において、
前記少なくとも1つの切断要素は、前記遠位先端部の外面に形成されていて、尖った直線状のエッジを備える、少なくとも1つの刃を含む、器具。 - 請求項9に記載の器具において、
前記遠位先端部は、前記遠位先端部の外面から外方に延びていて、組織を分離するために回転するよう構成された、少なくとも1つのパドルを有する、器具。 - 請求項9に記載の器具において、
前記トロカールスリーブは、前記トロカールスリーブ内に設けられている、少なくとも1つのシールを含み、
このシールは、前記トロカールスリーブにおける前記前記エンドキャップおよび内視鏡の通過を可能にする一方で、前記トロカールスリーブにおける液体または気体の通過を制限または阻止する、器具。 - 請求項14に記載の器具において、
前記少なくとも1つのシールは、前記トロカールスリーブの近位端部のところに配置されたハウジング内に設けられている、器具。 - 請求項9に記載の器具において、
前記内視鏡付属品は、ガイトワイヤまたは切断ツールである、器具。
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- 2007-05-07 JP JP2007122627A patent/JP5183963B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-08 CN CN200710126628.6A patent/CN101069633A/zh active Pending
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JP2007301364A (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
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EP1854421A2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
US8551058B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
CA2587808C (en) | 2014-10-28 |
CN101069633A (zh) | 2007-11-14 |
AU2007201956B2 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
US20070260273A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
AU2007201956A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
US20080051735A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
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