JP5152903B2 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5152903B2 JP5152903B2 JP2008032936A JP2008032936A JP5152903B2 JP 5152903 B2 JP5152903 B2 JP 5152903B2 JP 2008032936 A JP2008032936 A JP 2008032936A JP 2008032936 A JP2008032936 A JP 2008032936A JP 5152903 B2 JP5152903 B2 JP 5152903B2
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Description
先ず、本願において開示される発明の代表的な実施の形態について概要を説明する。
(a)第1の半導体チップ上の第1のボンディング・パッドと前記第1の半導体チップ外の第1のリード部とを、ワイヤ・ボンディング装置を用いて、ボンディング・キャピラリを用いたボール・ボンディングにより金属ワイヤで接続する工程;
(b)前記工程(a)の後、前記第1のボンディング・パッド上のボールの高さを検出する工程;
(c)前記工程(b)の後、前記検出の結果に基づいて、前記ワイヤ・ボンディング装置のボンディング条件を所定の条件に設定した後、第2の半導体チップ上の第2のボンディング・パッドと前記第2の半導体チップ外の第2のリード部とを、前記ワイヤ・ボンディング装置を用いて、前記ボンディング・キャピラリを用いた前記ボール・ボンディングにより前記金属ワイヤで接続する工程、
ここで、前記工程(b)は、以下の下位工程を含む:
(b1)自動焦点機構を用いて第1の高さ範囲内において自動焦点合わせすることにより、前記ボールのコーン部の外径円と、あらかじめ格納された前記ボンディング・キャピラリの先端部の内部面取り部の外端円の図形データを画像上で比較して、それらがマッチングする第1の高さを検出する工程;
(b2)前記下位工程(b1)の後、前記自動焦点機構を用いて、前記第1の高さを含み、前記第1の高さ範囲よりも狭い第2の高さ範囲内において自動焦点合わせすることにより、前記ボールの前記コーン部の前記外径円の高さに対応する第2の高さを前記ボールの高さとして検出する工程。
(d)前記工程(b)の前であって、前記工程(a)の後に、前記工程(b)において用いる検査装置および前記自動焦点機構を用いて、前記第1のボンディング・パッドの水平位置および高さを検出する工程。
(e)前記工程(b)の後であって、前記工程(c)の前に、前記工程(b)において検出された前記ボールの高さに基づいて、前記工程(b)において用いる検査装置および前記自動焦点機構を用いて、前記前記第1のボンディング・パッド上の前記ボールの外形を検出する工程。
(a)カメラを含む光学観測系;
(b)前記光学観測系を駆動して、自動的に合焦点面を移動させて、その合焦点面と基準面の距離を検出することができる自動焦点機構;
(c)前記光学観測系により取得した画像データと、あらかじめ格納されたキャピラリの先端部の内部面取り部の外端円の図形データを画像上で比較し、所望のマッチング状態を判別することができる画像処理・記憶部。
(a)第1の半導体チップ上の第1のボンディング・パッドと前記第1の半導体チップ外の第1のリード部とを、ワイヤ・ボンディング装置を用いて、ボンディング・キャピラリを用いたボール・ボンディングにより金属ワイヤで接続する工程;
(b)前記工程(a)の後、前記第1のボンディング・パッド上のボールの高さを検出する工程;
(c)前記工程(b)の後、前記検出の結果に基づいて、前記ワイヤ・ボンディング装置のボンディング条件を所定の条件に設定した後、第2の半導体チップ上の第2のボンディング・パッドと前記第2の半導体チップ外の第2のリード部とを、前記ワイヤ・ボンディング装置を用いて、前記ボンディング・キャピラリを用いた前記ボール・ボンディングにより前記金属ワイヤで接続する工程、
ここで、前記工程(b)は、以下の下位工程を含む:
(b1)自動焦点機構を用いて自動焦点合わせすることにより、前記ボールのコーン部の外径円と、あらかじめ格納された前記ボンディング・キャピラリの先端部の内部面取り部の外端円の図形データを画像上で比較して、それらがマッチングする第1の高さを検出する工程;
(b2)前記下位工程(b1)の後、前記自動焦点機構を用いて、前記第1の高さの近傍において自動焦点合わせすることにより、前記ボールの前記コーン部の前記外径円の高さに対応する第2の高さを前記ボールの高さとして検出する工程。
(d)前記工程(b)の前であって、前記工程(a)の後に、前記工程(b)において用いる検査装置および前記自動焦点機構を用いて、前記第1のボンディング・パッドの水平位置および高さを検出する工程。
(e)前記工程(b)の後であって、前記工程(c)の前に、前記工程(b)において検出された前記ボールの高さに基づいて、前記工程(b)において用いる検査装置および前記自動焦点機構を用いて、前記前記第1のボンディング・パッド上の前記ボールの外形を検出する工程。
1.本願において、実施の態様の記載は、必要に応じて、便宜上複数のセクションに分けて記載する場合もあるが、特にそうでない旨明示した場合を除き、これらは相互に独立別個のものではなく、単一の例の各部分、一方が他方の一部詳細または一部または全部の変形例等である。また、原則として、同様の部分は繰り返しを省略する。また、実施の態様における各構成要素は、特にそうでない旨明示した場合、理論的にその数に限定される場合および文脈から明らかにそうでない場合を除き、必須のものではない。
実施の形態について更に詳述する。各図中において、同一または同様の部分は同一または類似の記号または参照番号で示し、説明は原則として繰り返さない。
図1は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法の全体プロセス・フローを説明する模式プロセス・フロー図である。図2は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法の全体プロセス・フローを説明するプロセス・ブロック・フロー図である。図21は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法の全体とワイヤ・ボンディング検査との関係を説明するプロセス概略ブロック・フロー図である。これらに基づいて、本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法の全体プロセスを説明する。
図3は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法の対象となる半導体装置(半導体集積回路装置)構造の断面図である。図3に基づいて、本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法の対象となる半導体装置のボンディング・パッド周辺のデバイス縦構造について説明する。
図4は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法に使用するワイヤ・ボンディング装置および対象デバイスの模式断面図である。図5は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法に使用するワイヤ・ボンディング装置のボンディング・キャピラリの先端部の拡大断面図である。図6は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法によってボンディングされたワイヤのボール部分の拡大断面図である。これらに基づいて、本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法に使用するワイヤ・ボンディング装置を説明する。ボンディング・キャピラリ自体は、一般に絶縁体であるセラミックス製(またはその他の絶縁体)である。
図7は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおけるボンディング開始ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図8は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおける放電ボール形成ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図9は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおける第1ボンド点へのキャピラリ降下ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図10は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおける第1ボンド点へのボンディング・ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図11は図10の要部(ボール部およびキャピラリの先端部)拡大断面図である。図12は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおける第1ボンド点からのキャピラリ上昇ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図13は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおける第1ボンド点から第2ボンド点へのキャピラリ移動ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図14は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおける第2ボンド点へのボンディング・ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図15は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおける第2ボンド点からのキャピラリ上昇ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図16は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおけるワイヤ・カット・ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。図17は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセス・フローにおけるワイヤ・ボンディング・サイクル終了(次のサイクル開始のための移動)ステップの対象デバイスおよびボンディング装置要部の断面図である。これらに基づいて、本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング・プロセスをプロセスステップ順に以下に説明する。
図18は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセスに関する準備手順を示す条件設定ブロック・フロー図である。図19は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセスの全体プロセス・ブロック・フロー図である。図20は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス中のボール高さ検査プロセスの全体プロセス・ブロック・フロー図である。図22は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法に使用するワイヤ・ボンディング検査装置およびボール高さ検出プロセスの概要を説明する対象デバイスおよび検査装置要部の模式断面図である。図23は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるボンディング・パッド・サーチ・ステップの対象デバイスおよび検査装置要部の断面図である。図24は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるボンディング・パッド・サーチ・ステップ(サーチ開始)の対象デバイス上面図および検査装置の画像平面図である。図25は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるボンディング・パッド・サーチ・ステップ(サーチ完了)の対象デバイス上面図および検査装置の画像平面図である。図26は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さラフ・サーチ・ステップの対象デバイスおよび検査装置要部の断面図である。図27は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さラフ・サーチ・ステップ(ラフ・サーチ開始)の検査装置の実例の検査画像平面図である。図28は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さラフ・サーチ・ステップ(ラフ・サーチ開始)の検査装置の説明例の検査画像平面図である。図29は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さラフ・サーチ・ステップ(ラフ・サーチ完了)の検査装置の説明例の検査画像平面図である。図30は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおける検査対象であるボールの断面と平面の関係を説明するボール断面図(図30(a))およびボール上面図(図30(b))である。図31は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さラフ・サーチ・ステップの検査装置の合焦点面の移動を表すデバイス断面図である。図32は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さファイン・サーチ・ステップの対象デバイスおよび検査装置要部の断面図である。図33は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さファイン・サーチ・ステップの検査装置の合焦点面の移動を表すデバイス断面図である。図34は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さファイン・サーチ・ステップの検査装置の画像処理上のレチクル(参照図形)および画像ブロック(画像取得単位領域)の重ね合わせ平面図である。図35は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さラフ・サーチ・ステップによって取得された円弧状画像の例を示す画像平面図(図35(a),(b),(c))である。図36は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さファイン・サーチ・ステップの検査装置の画像処理上の円弧状画像(ほぼ全円周が取得された例)、レチクル(参照図形)および画像ブロック(画像取得単位領域)の重ね合わせ平面図である。図37は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるチャンファ高さファイン・サーチ・ステップの検査装置の画像処理上の円弧状画像(半周のみが取得された例)、レチクル(参照図形)および画像ブロック(画像取得単位領域)の重ね合わせ平面図である。図38は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるボール径輪郭サーチ・ステップの対象デバイスおよび検査装置要部の断面図である。図39は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるボール径輪郭サーチ・ステップによって取得された円弧状画像の例を示す画像平面図である。図40は本願発明の一実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセス・フローにおけるループ高さサーチ・ステップの対象デバイスおよび検査装置要部の断面図である。これらに基づいて、本実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法中のワイヤ・ボンディング検査プロセスを説明する。
(1)合焦点面77が目標とする高さをほぼその中心付近に含む約10マイクロ・メートル程度の範囲(第1の高さ範囲)を上から約1マイクロ・メートル単位で移動しながら、あらかじめ画像処理・記憶部72に格納しておいたキャピラリ31の外端円51の図形データをボール19のコーン部20の外径円21とを画像上(画像処理・記憶部72において)で比較して、相互にほぼ一致する水平位置(XY座標)および垂直位置(Z座標)を特定する。この特定した高さがラフ・サーチによる第1の高さ81である(ラフ・サーチ工程)。
(2)次に、合焦点面77が、この第1の高さ81をほぼその中心付近に含む約1から2マイクロ・メートル程度の範囲(第2の高さ範囲79;第1の高さ範囲78よりも区間が狭い)を適宜連続的にまたはラフ・サーチ工程よりも微細な間隔で上下移動して、複数の合焦点面候補の中からもっとも高い焦点の一致度を示す最適合焦点面をサーチする。この新しく特定した高さがファイン・サーチによる第2の高さ82である(ファイン・サーチ工程)。この第2の高さ82が最終的なボールの高さHbである。
以上本発明者によってなされた発明を実施形態に基づいて具体的に説明したが、本発明はそれに限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変更可能であることは言うまでもない。
4 金属ワイヤ(ボンディング・ワイヤ)
8 ボンディング・パッド(第1のボンディング・パッド、第2のボンディング・パッド)
18 リード部(第1のリード部、第2のリード部)
19 ボール
20 ボールのコーン部
21 コーン部の外径円
31 ボンディング・キャピラリ
37 ワイヤ・ボンディング装置
42 キャピラリの内部面取り部
45 キャピラリの先端部
51 内部面取り部の外端円
73 自動焦点機構
78 第1の高さ範囲
79 第2の高さ範囲
81 第1の高さ
82 第2の高さ
Hb ボールの高さ
Claims (19)
- 以下の工程を含む半導体装置の製造方法:
(a)第1の半導体チップ上の第1のボンディング・パッドと前記第1の半導体チップ外の第1のリード部とを、ワイヤ・ボンディング装置を用いて、ボンディング・キャピラリを用いたボール・ボンディングにより金属ワイヤで接続する工程;
(b)前記工程(a)の後、前記第1のボンディング・パッド上のボールの高さを検出する工程;
(c)前記工程(b)の後、前記検出の結果に基づいて、前記ワイヤ・ボンディング装置のボンディング条件を所定の条件に設定した後、第2の半導体チップ上の第2のボンディング・パッドと前記第2の半導体チップ外の第2のリード部とを、前記ワイヤ・ボンディング装置を用いて、前記ボンディング・キャピラリを用いた前記ボール・ボンディングにより前記金属ワイヤで接続する工程、
ここで、前記工程(b)は、以下の下位工程を含む:
(b1)自動焦点機構を用いて第1の高さ範囲内において自動焦点合わせすることにより、前記ボールのコーン部の外径円と、あらかじめ格納された前記ボンディング・キャピラリの先端部の内部面取り部の外端円の図形データを画像上で比較して、それらがマッチングする第1の高さを検出する工程;
(b2)前記下位工程(b1)の後、前記自動焦点機構を用いて、前記第1の高さを含み、前記第1の高さ範囲よりも狭い第2の高さ範囲内において自動焦点合わせすることにより、前記ボールの前記コーン部の前記外径円の高さに対応する第2の高さを前記ボールの高さとして検出する工程。 - 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記下位工程(b1)において、前記第1の高さにおける前記コーン部の前記外径円の円弧状画像を取得する。
- 請求項2の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記下位工程(b1)において、前記ボールの前記コーン部の前記外径円と、あらかじめ格納された前記ボンディング・キャピラリの前記先端部の前記内部面取り部の前記外端円の前記図形データを画像上で比較して、それらがマッチングする水平位置を検出する。
- 請求項3の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記下位工程(b2)における自動焦点合わせは、前記第1の高さにおける前記コーン部の前記外径円の前記円弧状画像に沿って配置された複数の画像ブロックを用いて行われる。
- 請求項4の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記第1の高さにおける前記コーン部の前記外径円の前記円弧状画像に沿って配置された前記複数の画像ブロックは、前記外径円の前記円弧状画像の内、鮮明な部分にのみ設けられる。
- 請求項4の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記第1の高さにおける前記コーン部の前記外径円の前記円弧状画像に沿って配置された前記複数の画像ブロックの数は、4個以上である。
- 請求項4の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記第1の高さにおける前記コーン部の前記外径円の前記円弧状画像に沿って配置された前記複数の画像ブロックの数は、8個以上である。
- 請求項4の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記下位工程(b2)における自動焦点合わせは、前記第1の高さにおける前記コーン部の前記外径円の前記円弧状画像に沿って配置された前記複数の画像ブロックの各々における合焦点評価の平均を用いて評価される。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記第1のボンディング・パッドおよび前記第2のボンディング・パッドの主表面領域はアルミニウムを主要な成分とするメタルである。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記第1のボンディング・パッドおよび前記第2のボンディング・パッドの裏面領域はチタン・ナイトライドを主要な成分とするバリア・メタルである。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記第1及び第2の半導体チップと前記第1のボンディング・パッドおよび前記第2のボンディング・パッドのそれぞれの間には、Low-k絶縁膜が介在している。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記第1及び第2の半導体チップは他の又は同一の有機配線基板上に取り付けられている。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記第1のボンディング・パッドおよび前記第2のボンディング・パッドとそれぞれの他のボンディング・パッドとのパッド・ピッチは、80マイクロメートル以下である。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記ボール・ボンディングは、サーモ・ソニック・ボンディングである。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記金属ワイヤの径は25マイクロメートル以下である。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記金属ワイヤの径は20マイクロメートル以下である。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記金属ワイヤは金を主要な成分とし、パラジウムを副次的成分又は添加物として含む。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記金属ワイヤは金を主要な成分とし、パラジウムを0.5から10重量%以下含む。
- 請求項1の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記金属ワイヤは金を主要な成分とする。
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