JP5148804B2 - 癌の治療に特に有用な免疫擬装の方法及び薬学的組成物 - Google Patents
癌の治療に特に有用な免疫擬装の方法及び薬学的組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
核酸構築体を植物細胞中に導入する方法には、様々な方法が存在する。このような方法は、核酸構築体又はその一部の植物細胞のゲノム中への安定的な組込みに、又は核酸構築体の一過性発現(この場合には、これらの配列は、植物細胞のゲノム中に安定に組み込まれない)に依拠している。
Schell, J., and Vasil, L. K., Academic Publishers, San Diego, Calif. (1989) p.52-68; including methods for direct uptake of DNA into protoplasts, Toriyama, K. et al.(1988) Bio/Technology 6:1072-1074. DNA uptake induced by brief electric shock of plant cells:Zhang et al.Plant Cell Rep. (1988) 7: 379-384.Fromm et al. Nature(1986) 319:791-793. DNA injection into plant cells or tissues by particle bombardment, Klein et al. Bio/Technolog (1988)6: 559- 563; McCabe et al. Bio/Technology (1988) 6: 923-926; Sanford, Physiol. Plant. (1990) 79: 206-209; by the use of micropipette systems: Neuhaus et al. Theor. Appl. Genet. (1987) 75: 30-36; Neuhaus and Spangenberg, Physiol.Plant. (1990) 79: 213-217; or by the direct incubation of DNA with germinating pollen, DeWet et al. in Experimental Manipulation of Ovule Tissue, eds. Chapman, G. P. and Mantell, S. H. and Daniels, W. Longman, London, (1985) p.197-209; and Ohta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1986) 83:715-719。
本発明を記述するために使用する「抗体」という用語及び「抗体ターゲティングドメイン」という句は、抗原に対して特異的に高い親和性で結合可能である完全な分子並びにFab、F(ab')2、Fv、scFvなどのその機能性断片を含む。これらの機能性抗体断片は以下のように定義される。すなわち、(i)Fabは、抗体分子の一価の抗原結合断片を含む断片であり、抗体全体を酵素パパインで消化して完全な軽鎖及び1本の重鎖の一部を形成することによって産生される;(ii)Fab'は、抗体全体をペプシンで処理し、還元して完全な軽鎖及び重鎖の一部を形成することによって得られる抗体分子断片である;抗体分子1つにつき2つのFab'断片が得られる;(iii)F(ab')2は、抗体全体を酵素ペプシンで処理しその後還元せずに得られる抗体断片である;F(ab')2は、2つのジスルフィド結合によって一緒に保持される2つのFab'断片の二量体である;(iv)Fvは、2本鎖として発現される軽鎖の可変領域及び重鎖の可変領域を含む遺伝子改変断片として定義される;及び(c)scFvすなわち「単鎖抗体」(「SCA」)は、適切なポリペプチドリンカーによって連結された遺伝子融合単鎖分子として軽鎖の可変領域及び重鎖の可変領域を含む遺伝子改変分子である。
本発明による抗体断片は、抗体のタンパク質加水分解、又は断片をコードするDNAの大腸菌又は哺乳動物細胞中での発現(例えば、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞培養又は他のタンパク質発現系)によって調製することができる。
主要組織適合複合体(MHC)は、一群の連結された遺伝子座によってコードされる抗原の複合体であり、マウスにおいてはH−2、ヒトにおいてはHLAと総称される。MHC抗原の2つの主要なクラスであるクラスI及びクラスIIは、各々組織タイプ及び移植片適合性を決定するのに一定の役割を果す1セットの細胞表面糖タンパク質を含む。移植反応において、細胞傷害性T細胞(CTL)は外来のクラスI糖タンパク質に対して主に反応し、一方、ヘルパーT細胞は外来のクラスII糖タンパク質に対して主に反応する。
一般に8〜10アミノ酸長であるクラスI、MHC拘束性ペプチド(本明細書では、MHC拘束性抗原、HLA拘束性ペプチド、HLA拘束性抗原と区別せずに呼称する)は、MHC分子中の対応する結合ポケットと相互作用する2つ又は3つのアンカー残基を介して、重鎖α1−α2の溝(groove)に結合する。β−2ミクログロブリン鎖は、MHCクラスIの細胞内輸送、ペプチド結合及びコンホメーションの安定性に重要な役割を果す。ほとんどのクラスI分子の場合、MHCクラスI重鎖、(自己又は抗原性)ペプチド及びβ−2ミクログロブリンからなるヘテロダイマーの形成は、生合成の成熟及び細胞表面発現のために必要とされる。
P1−P2−P3−P4−P5−P6−P7−P8−P9
P2及びP2位は、MHC分子への結合に関与する主要残基であるアンカー残基を含む。アミノ酸残基結合位(engaging position)P2及びP9は、親水性の脂肪族非帯電天然アミノ(例えば、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile、Gln、Thr、Ser、Cys、好ましくはVal及びLeu)又は非天然親水性脂肪族非帯電アミノ酸(例えば、ノルロイシン(Nle)、ノルバリン(Nva)、α−アミノ酪酸)である。P1位及びP3位も、MHC分子への結合に関与又は助けとなるアミノ酸残基を含むことが知られているが、これらの位置は天然又は非天然の任意のアミノ酸を含むことができる。その他の位置には、一般には結合に関与しないアミノ酸残基が結合し、どちらかと言えばこれらのアミノ酸は免疫細胞に対して提示されるものである。MHC分子へのペプチドの結合に関する詳細は、さらに、Parker,K.C.、Bednarek,M.A.、Coligan,J.E.、Scheme for ranking potential HLA-A2 binding peptides based on independent binding of individual peptide side-chains.J Immunol.152、163〜175、1994に見出すことができ、特に表Vを参照されたい。したがって、HLA−A2.1結合ペプチドの評価は、ワールドワイドウェブインターフェースのhttp://www.bimas.dcrt.nih.gov/molbio/hla_bind/index.htmlからアクセスできるHLA Peptide Binding Predictionsソフトウエアを用いて実施することができる。このソフトウエアは、蓄積データに基づいており、分析タンパク質中のあらゆるペプチド候補についてMHC HLA−A2.1に結合可能かどうかをペプチド中のあらゆるアミノ酸の寄与に従い評価する。理論結合スコアは、HLA−A2.1−ペプチド複合体の半減期の計算値である。
以下の表に引用した参考文献から、腫瘍関連抗原(TAA)に由来するヒトMHCクラスI、腫瘍MHC拘束性ペプチド又は様々な癌に関連するタンパク質マーカーの例が提供される。腫瘍関連抗原(TAA)に由来する別の腫瘍MHC拘束性ペプチドは、http://www.bmi-heidelberg.com/syfpeithi/に見出すことができる。
ウェブサイトhttp://www.bmi-heidelberg.com/syfpeithi/には、自己免疫抗原に由来するヒトMHCクラスI、自己免疫MHC拘束性ペプチドの例が提供されている。
可溶性であり多量に産生することができる組換えMHCクラスI及びクラスII複合体をコードする各配列は、例えば、参考文献23、24、41〜53、さらに米国特許出願第09/534,966号及び(国際公開第01/72768号として公開されている)PCT/IL01/00260号に記載されており、これらすべてを参照により本明細書に援用する。可溶性MHCクラスI分子は、例えば、HLA−A2、HLA−A1、HLA−A3、HLA−A24、HLA−A28、HLA−A31、HLA−A33、HLA−A34、HLA−B7、HLA−B45及びHLA−Cw8などのMHCハプロタイプのいずれに対しても、例えばPCT/IL01/00260号の教示に従って利用可能であり又は産生することができる。それらの配列は既知であり、http://immuno.bme.nwu.edu/にあるkabbatデータベースに見出すことができる(このサイトの内容を参照により本明細書に援用する)。このような可溶性MHCクラスI分子は、以下にさらに詳細に記述するように、適切なMHC拘束性抗原を担うことができ、ヒト主要組織適合複合体(MHC)クラスIを発現する細胞を有する非ヒト哺乳動物のワクチン接種に使用することができる。
ペプチド又はポリペプチドを含む様々なタイプの分子を接合(conjugate)又は融合(連結(couple))させる多数の方法が当分野で既知である。これらの方法は、本発明に従い、可溶性ヒトMHCクラスIエフェクタードメインを抗体ターゲティングドメインと、場合によってはMHC拘束性抗原と連結するために使用することができる。
当業者に既知のあらゆるSPDP接合方法を使用することができる。例えば、例示的な一実施態様では、以下に記載するように、Cumber等の方法(1985、Methods of Enzymology 112:207〜224)の変形方法を使用する。
ペプチドと他のペプチドの接合は、グルタルアルデヒドを用いて当業者に既知の方法によって実施することができる。例えば、例示的な一実施態様では、下記G.T.Hermansonによる結合方法(1996、「Antibody Modification and Conjugation、in Bioconjugate Techniques、Academic Press、San Diego)を使用する。
ペプチドと他のペプチドの結合は、カルボジイミドなどの脱水剤を用いて当業者に既知の方法によって実施することができる。カルボジイミドを4−ジメチルアミノピリジンの存在下で使用することが最も好ましい。当業者には周知のとおり、カルボジイミド結合を用いて、ペプチドのカルボキシル基と1ペプチドのヒドロキシル基(エステル結合を形成する結果となる)又は1ペプチドのアミノ基(アミド結合を形成する結果となる)又は1ペプチドのスルフヒドリル基(チオエステル結合を形成する結果となる)の共有結合を形成することができる。
ペプチド:ペプチドを、標準フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル化学によって合成し、逆相HPLCにより>95%に精製した。使用した腫瘍関連HLA−A2拘束性ペプチドは、G9−209−2M(IMDQVPFSV、配列番号8)及びG9−280−9V(YLEPGPVTV、配列番号9)であり、どちらもメラノーマ分化抗原gp100に由来する一般的な免疫優性エピトープである(32〜34)。これらのペプチドは、MHCアンカーの(G9−209−2Mの場合)2位及び(G9−280−9Vの場合)9位がHLA−A2に対する結合親和性を改善するように改変されている(27)。HTLV−1由来のペプチド(LLFGYPVYV、配列番号:10)をコントロールとして使用した。
B2M−抗Tac(dsFv)の設計:最近、ヒトβ−2ミクログロブリン遺伝子が15アミノ酸長の柔軟なリンカーを介してHLA−A2重鎖遺伝子(aa 1−275)の3つの細胞外ドメイン(α1、α2及びα3)に連結された可溶性単鎖MHC(scMHC)をコードする構築体が作製された(24、25及び国際公開第01/72768号、これらを参照により本明細書に援用する)。これらのscMHC分子は、大腸菌中で細胞内封入体として発現し、HLA−A2拘束性腫瘍関連又はウイルスペプチドの存在下インビトロでリフォールディングすると、正確に折り畳まれた機能性scMHC−ペプチド複合体及び四量体を形成した(24、25、国際公開第01/72768号)。
始めにヒト腫瘍モデルにおけるB2M−aTac(dsFv)のインビボでの活性を評価するために、G9−209M gp100に由来するペプチドに特異的なR6C12 CTLがATAC4細胞に混合されたウインタイプ(win−type)のアッセイを、B2M−aTac(dsFv)分子の存在下又は非存在下で実施した。ヌードマウスにこの混合物を皮下注射し、次いで、ヒト異種移植片を形成させた。図5に示すように、ATAC4細胞によって、皮下注射後10〜12日でヌードマウスに異種移植片が生成した。
Claims (5)
- 以下の連続的セグメント中に存在するアミノ酸配列を含んでなるポリペプチドであって:前記セグメントは、当該ポリペプチドのアミノ末端で始まって、(i)ヒトβ−2ミクログロブリン、(ii)第一のペプチドリンカー、(iii)ヒトMHCクラスI分子のHLA−A2鎖、(iv)腫瘍特異的抗体ターゲッティングドメインであり、ここでのセグメント(iii)および(iv)に対応するアミノ酸配列は第二のペプチドリンカーによって相互に結合されており、またセグメント(i)〜(iii)の各々のカルボキシ末端は、それぞれセグメント(ii)〜(iv)のアミノ末端に結合されているポリペプチド。
- 請求項1に記載のポリペプチドであって、前記セグメント(iv)の抗体ターゲッティングドメインは機能的な抗体断片を含んでなるポリペプチド。
- 請求項2に記載のポリペプチドであって、前記機能的抗体断片が重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域の会合を含んでなるポリペプチド。
- 請求項3に記載のポリペプチドであって、前記重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域は分子間ジスルフィド結合によって相互に結合されるポリペプチド。
- 請求項1に記載のポリペプチドであって、前記腫瘍特異的抗体ターゲッティングドメイン(iv)は、腫瘍関連抗原もしくは腫瘍特異的抗原に結合できるように選択されるポリペプチド。
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US5635363A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1997-06-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Compositions and methods for the detection, quantitation and purification of antigen-specific T cells |
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-
2002
- 2002-03-29 US US10/108,511 patent/US20030017134A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-18 EP EP02733206.3A patent/EP1409547B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-18 NZ NZ581793A patent/NZ581793A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-18 CZ CZ200479A patent/CZ200479A3/cs unknown
- 2002-06-18 DK DK02733206.3T patent/DK1409547T3/en active
- 2002-06-18 HU HU0400231A patent/HUP0400231A3/hu unknown
- 2002-06-18 JP JP2003504888A patent/JP5148804B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-18 ES ES02733206.3T patent/ES2652017T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-18 WO PCT/IL2002/000478 patent/WO2002102299A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-06-18 CA CA2451353A patent/CA2451353C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-18 PL PL02373302A patent/PL373302A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2002102299A3 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
CA2451353C (en) | 2012-01-17 |
ES2652017T3 (es) | 2018-01-31 |
NZ581793A (en) | 2010-07-30 |
JP2005506058A (ja) | 2005-03-03 |
HUP0400231A2 (hu) | 2005-05-30 |
EP1409547A4 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
CA2451353A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
US20030017134A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
WO2002102299A2 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
NZ530656A (en) | 2007-05-31 |
PL373302A1 (en) | 2005-08-22 |
CZ200479A3 (cs) | 2004-11-10 |
EP1409547A2 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
DK1409547T3 (en) | 2018-01-08 |
EP1409547B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
HUP0400231A3 (en) | 2010-11-29 |
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