JP5121702B2 - アドニスパレスチナ由来ケトカロテノイド - Google Patents
アドニスパレスチナ由来ケトカロテノイド Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5121702B2 JP5121702B2 JP2008510155A JP2008510155A JP5121702B2 JP 5121702 B2 JP5121702 B2 JP 5121702B2 JP 2008510155 A JP2008510155 A JP 2008510155A JP 2008510155 A JP2008510155 A JP 2008510155A JP 5121702 B2 JP5121702 B2 JP 5121702B2
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- Prior art keywords
- astaxanthin
- adonis
- oil
- content
- cardenolide
- Prior art date
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/02—Flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/01—Hydrocarbons
- A61K31/015—Hydrocarbons carbocyclic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/12—Ketones
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Description
本特許出願は、60/677,664号(出願日2005年5月3日)に基づき、同出願はこの参照により開示に含まれる。
三沢ら、ジャーナル・オブ・バクテリオロジー(J. Bacteriol.)、177:6575−6584(1995) 田中ら、カルシノジェネシス(Carcinogenesis)、15(1):15−19(1994);城之内ら、ニュートリション・アンド・キャンサー(Nutrition and Cancer)、19(3):269−280(1993);及び城之内ら、ニュートリション・アンド・キャンサー(Nutrition and Cancer)、16(2):93−105(1991)
以下の開示において多数の用語を用いる。本明細書及び特許請求の範囲を以下に述べる範囲も含めて明瞭確実に理解するために、用語を定義する。
「アスタキサンチン」は赤色カロテノイド色素、具体的には3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−β,β−カロチン−4,4’−ジオンを意味する。アスタキサンチンは他のケトカロテノイドと共にアドニス含油樹脂中に存在してよく、他のケトカロテノイドとしてはエチネノン、3−ヒドロキシエチネノン、アドニルビン、3’−ヒドロキシエチネノン、アドニキサンチン等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。通常、アスタキサンチンはC8−C20のモノ脂肪酸エステル又はジ脂肪酸エステルの混合物として、少量の遊離アスタキサンチン、例えば約1〜10重量%の遊離カロテノイド及びカロテノイドエステルと共に存在する。具体例となる植物脂肪酸は一分子あたり約8〜20の直鎖炭素原子及び0〜3のエチレン性不飽和結合を有する。より典型的には、アスタキサンチンエステル中の脂肪酸は、0〜3のエチレン性不飽和結合を含むC12−C18脂肪酸を各鎖に有する。このような脂肪酸としては、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、パルミトレイン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、ペンタデカン酸、カプリン酸等が挙げられる。
「アスタキサンチン含量」は、波長467nm、吸光係数2100の条件下で測定したヘキサン溶液の吸収から得た、乾燥植物組織重量1キログラム(kg)あたりのアスタキサンチンのグラム(g)数を意味する。アスタキサンチン含量は、遊離アスタキサンチンの含量や、遊離アスタキサンチンとして報告されている様々なアスタキサンチンのエステルの含量であってよい。
「カロテノイド」はある種の黄〜赤色の脂溶性色素を意味する。
「カルデノリド」は有毒なグリコシル化ステロイドを意味する。
「カルデノリド含量」は、シマリン当量として測定した乾燥植物組織重量1キログラム(kg)あたりのカルデノリドのミリグラム(mg)数を意味する。
「デスグルコチェイロトキシン」はカルデノリドの一種である。
「抽出」は植物組織から一以上の化学物質を得る操作を意味する。
「光保護有効量」は少なくとも他の感光性組成物と混合したときに紫外光に対する光防護性を与える量を意味する。
「含油樹脂」はアドニスパレスチナ植物から抽出されたカロテノイド及び他の材料を意味する。
「ペオニジン」は、通常各アドニス花弁の底部の斑点(花底部の「目(eye)」)に存在し、食品産業で着色酸性食品に用いられる、青みがかった赤色の水溶性アントシアニジンを意味する。
「花弁」は、通常有色又は白色の、花冠の分節又は部位を意味する。
アスタキサンチン含油樹脂の品質改善、即ちアスタキサンチン含量の増加、非アスタキサンチンカロテノイド含量の低減、及びカルデノリド含量の低減が可能なアスタキサンチンの製造方法を開発するために研究を行った。
大きく開花したアドニスパレスチナの種子をイスラエルのゴラン高原で採取した。この種子を植えたところ、より大きな花が交配して得られ、新たな種子が回収できた。この新たな種子を植え、鮮やかな赤色を保持しサイズが大きな花を選択した。選択した各植物群がつけた花の直径は、最大で標準的アドニスパレスチナ花(下記表1)の3倍であった。また、それらの花は、花弁の長さ、幅、数、及びアスタキサンチン含量、並びにペオニジン(通常花の暗色中心部(目)に存在するアントシアニン)の含量が有利に多様であった。
多年生アドニス種(高活性)及び一年生アドニス種(低活性)は生理活性が異なり、カルデノリド含量の定量的及び定性的な相違に由来する。乾燥アドニスヴェルナリス組織の総カルデノリド含量は平均で約0.5%(重量/重量)であり、対照的に一年生種のアドニスパレスチナは0.08%、アドニスエステバリスは0.1%、アドニスアレピカ(Adonis aleppica)は0.2%である。アドニスヴェルナリスは約30種のカルデノリド類を含有し、アドニスエステバリスは8種、アドニスパレスチナは9種、アドニスアレピカは10種である。アドニスヴェルナリスが含有するカルデノリド類のうち一年生種には見られない主要カルデノリドは、アドニトキシン(主要アドニスヴェルナリスカルデノリド、総カルデノリド含量の15〜20%)、デスグルコチェイロトキシン等である。
好ましいアドニスパレスチナから調製した含油樹脂を、存在するカロテノイド類及びカロテノイド脂肪酸エステルの特性について分析した。分析結果を下記表3及び表4に示す。
飼育試験においてニジマスに合成アスタキサンチン又はアドニス由来アスタキサンチンを与え、試験開始から63日後に捕獲し、そのアスタキサンチン含量を、冷凍(2ヶ月)及び薫煙する前後に分光光度法(ミノルタの彩度計を利用)及び化学的手法(身の抽出物から脂質除去した後、HPLC分析)で調べた。なお、処理前の魚の着色度が同程度となるように飼料の初期アスタキサンチン含量を調製した。魚の体長方向で着色度が変化するため、各魚の3つの箇所(頭部、中央部、及び尾部)を測定に用いた。結果を表5に示す。
乾燥花組織は0.28%(w/w)のカルデノリド類を含有していた。花組織中に検出された6種の主要カルデノリド類を分析したところ、それらは全てストロファンチジン誘導体であることが明らかとなった。該ストロファンチジン誘導体は、ストロファンチジン(アグリコン)、並びにグリコシド類のシマリン、K−ストロファンチン、K−ストロファントシド、コンバロトキシン(convallotoxin)、及び未だ同定されていないグリコシドである。アスタキサンチンのヘキサン抽出(通常の産業的カロテノイド分離方法)ではカルデノリド類を共抽出することはできず、その結果、対応する含油樹脂の含量は乾燥花の0.0016%であった。
選別によるアドニスパレスチナのカルデノリド含量の遺伝的低下を調査した。改良Kedde試薬(3,5−ジニトロ安息香酸水溶液/水酸化カリウムメタノール溶液)を用いる方法で定量的に、且つ高分解能高性能HPTLC法で定性的に、計235のアドニスパレスチナ植物のカルデノリド含量を記録した。アドニスパレスチナ個体群を分析した結果、花のカルデノリド含量は0.034〜0.464%(w/w)という広い範囲で異なり、平均で0.265%であることが分かった。これら植物の自己受粉を行い、得られた産物個体群のカルデノリド分析を行ったところ、カルデノリド含量についての狭義の遺伝率は0.76であり、即ち、変異の76%が遺伝的で、それは選別により改良できた。上記産物のうち最も好ましい5%においては、乾燥花弁のカルデノリド含量は平均で0.042%にすぎず、これは交配親(15%)より少ない。これら選択した個体群を更に選別し、値を更に低下させる。
溶媒(通常ヘキサン)を用いて天然源からカロテノイド類を抽出する方法は産業的に一般的であり高効率であるが、溶媒を用いると、溶媒残渣の除去に高温(損害やアーチファクトを生じる)を要したり、含油樹脂中に微量の溶媒が残るなどの問題が生じる。また、有機海産物市場では天然アスタキサンチン源が求められ、溶媒で抽出した含油樹脂は受け入れられない。超臨界CO2抽出は低い温度で可能であり、また抽出条件を調整することによりアスタキサンチン調製物を最大限に精製できる。この方法は実験室レベルのパイロット規模の試験で、カルデノリド分を除去し、含油樹脂の脂質含量を低下させアスタキサンチン含量を増加させるために使用される。
アドニスパレスチナ個体群の種子の生存力及び発芽について評価したところ、生存力は十分であったが(約30〜70%)、発芽力は非常に低かった。播種前に5000ppmのジベレリン酸に種子を24時間以上予浸することによって、発芽力は64.7%まで増加した(表7参照)。
発芽前除草剤を用いた試験を行ったところ、メトリブジン(4−アミノ−6−tert−ブチル−4,5−ジヒドロ−3−メチルチオ−1,2,4−トリアジン−5−オン)がアドニスに安全に使用できる唯一の広範囲除草剤であることが分かった。メトリブジンとアージラン(登録商標Asulox、メチル(4−アミノフェニル)スルホニルアミノホルメート)を比較すると、アージランはアドニスに効かず、雑草防除の効果も大きくないことが分かった(表8参照)。
Claims (7)
- 4〜8cmの頭状花直径を有し、一頭状花(flower head)あたりのアスタキサンチン含量0.4〜0.8mgを有するアドニスパレスチナ(Adonis palaestina)を栽培し、その花弁からアスタキサンチンを抽出することを特徴とするアスタキサンチン色素の製造方法。
- 前記アスタキサンチン含量が一頭状花あたり0.5〜0.8mgであることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。
- 前記アスタキサンチン含量が一頭状花あたり0.6〜0.8mgであることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第2項に記載の方法。
- 前記アドニスパレスチナを栽培し、その頭状花又は花弁を採取し、前記頭状花又は花弁から前記アスタキサンチンを抽出することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。
- ヘキサンを用いて前記アスタキサンチンを抽出することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。
- 超臨界二酸化炭素を用いて前記アスタキサンチンを抽出することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。
- 前記頭状花直径が5〜6cmであることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。
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US11/381,288 | 2006-05-02 | ||
US11/381,288 US7595171B2 (en) | 2005-05-03 | 2006-05-02 | Ketocarotenoids from Adonis palaestina |
PCT/US2006/016954 WO2006119346A2 (en) | 2005-05-03 | 2006-05-03 | Ketocarotenoids from adonis palaestina |
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JP5121702B2 true JP5121702B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
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JP5514456B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-05 | 2014-06-04 | 日油株式会社 | 固形石けん |
JP6178407B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-27 | 2017-08-09 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | 抗炎症薬 |
CN104447464B (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-11-23 | 浙江医药股份有限公司新昌制药厂 | 一种植物来源含天然虾青素的类胡萝卜素化合物及其制备方法和组合物 |
WO2016123430A2 (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-04 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Method for preparing a delivery system of one or more active ingredients in an edible composition |
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US2918370A (en) | 1955-12-23 | 1959-12-22 | Abbott Lab | Calcium pantothenate composition |
US4670247A (en) | 1983-07-05 | 1987-06-02 | Hoffman-Laroche Inc. | Process for preparing fat-soluble vitamin active beadlets |
US5043170A (en) | 1989-02-14 | 1991-08-27 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Animal feed composition containing a vitamin D metabolite |
GB9016012D0 (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1990-09-05 | Unilever Plc | Pigments |
US5258189A (en) | 1992-08-28 | 1993-11-02 | General Mills, Inc. | Method for making vitamin enriched cereal |
DE69424719T2 (de) | 1993-06-24 | 2000-11-02 | Hoffmann La Roche | Pigmentierung mit Carotinoiden |
US5382714A (en) | 1994-03-17 | 1995-01-17 | The Catholic University Of America | Process for isolation, purification, and recrystallization of lutein from saponified marigold oleoresin and uses thereof |
EP0718284B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1999-08-18 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Carotenoid ketones and esters |
US5935624A (en) | 1995-02-06 | 1999-08-10 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Low phosphorus animal feed containing 1α-hydroxylated vitamin D compounds and method of preparing |
US5695794A (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1997-12-09 | Amoco Corporation | Use of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in a dietary supplement process for ameliorating the effects of tibial dyschondroplasia in poultry while maintaining weight gain |
US5648564A (en) | 1995-12-21 | 1997-07-15 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Process for the formation, isolation and purification of comestible xanthophyll crystals from plants |
US6426078B1 (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 2002-07-30 | Roche Vitamins Inc. | Oil in water microemulsion |
US6433025B1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2002-08-13 | Cyanotech Corporation | Method for retarding and preventing sunburn by UV light |
US6784351B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-08-31 | Ball Horticultural Company | Targetes erecta marigolds with altered carotenoid compositions and ratios |
US7575766B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2009-08-18 | Ball Horticultural Company | Tagetes erecta with altered carotenoid compositions and ratios |
US7329789B1 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2008-02-12 | Phasex Corporation | Method for extraction and concentration of carotenoids using supercritical fluids |
ES2203315B1 (es) * | 2002-02-04 | 2005-06-16 | Antibioticos, S.A.U. | Procedimiento de produccion de astaxantina mediante la fermentacion de cepas seleccionadas de xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. |
CN1465565A (zh) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-07 | 诸城莲春天然色素提纯有限公司 | 一种从侧金盏花中提取虾青素的方法 |
CN1234687C (zh) * | 2003-06-07 | 2006-01-04 | 诸城莲春天然色素提纯有限公司 | 一种从侧金盏花中提取虾青素的方法 |
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US20060260010A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
EP1876883A4 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
WO2006119346A2 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
JP2008542452A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
EP1876883A2 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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