JP5039555B2 - 自動変速機油用の摩擦調整剤としての第二級および第三級アミン - Google Patents
自動変速機油用の摩擦調整剤としての第二級および第三級アミン Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5039555B2 JP5039555B2 JP2007537039A JP2007537039A JP5039555B2 JP 5039555 B2 JP5039555 B2 JP 5039555B2 JP 2007537039 A JP2007537039 A JP 2007537039A JP 2007537039 A JP2007537039 A JP 2007537039A JP 5039555 B2 JP5039555 B2 JP 5039555B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- amine
- oil
- acid
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/084—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/049—Phosphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/968,417 | 2004-10-19 | ||
| US10/968,417 US7439213B2 (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2004-10-19 | Secondary and tertiary amines as friction modifiers for automatic transmission fluids |
| PCT/US2005/037897 WO2006045044A1 (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-17 | Secondary and tertiary amines as friction modifiers for automatic transmission fluids |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008517107A JP2008517107A (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
| JP2008517107A5 JP2008517107A5 (https=) | 2008-11-27 |
| JP5039555B2 true JP5039555B2 (ja) | 2012-10-03 |
Family
ID=35840281
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007537039A Expired - Fee Related JP5039555B2 (ja) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-17 | 自動変速機油用の摩擦調整剤としての第二級および第三級アミン |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7439213B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1805286B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP5039555B2 (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE602005026038D1 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2006045044A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7439213B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2008-10-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Secondary and tertiary amines as friction modifiers for automatic transmission fluids |
| EP1859014B1 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2012-09-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Multifunctional dispersants |
| WO2006091371A1 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-31 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant additive formulation containing multifunctional dispersant |
| AU2006266095B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2010-08-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Zinc-free farm tractor fluid |
| US7767632B2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2010-08-03 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives and lubricant formulations having improved antiwear properties |
| CN101484557B (zh) * | 2006-04-24 | 2013-01-02 | 卢布里佐尔公司 | 星形聚合物润滑组合物 |
| US20070293406A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-20 | Henly Timothy J | Power transmission fluid with enhanced friction characteristics |
| EP2102320B1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2020-06-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Functional fluid |
| CA2676290C (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2015-03-10 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Dispersant combination for improved transmission fluids |
| JP2008280536A (ja) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Afton Chemical Corp | 少なくとも1種の摩擦改良用化合物を含有して成る組成物およびそれの使用方法 |
| US8278254B2 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2012-10-02 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives and lubricant formulations having improved antiwear properties |
| JP5280668B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-16 | 2013-09-04 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| CA2752867C (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2017-11-28 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Amine derivatives as friction modifiers in lubricants |
| KR101758402B1 (ko) | 2009-09-14 | 2017-07-26 | 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 | 수혼화성이 양호한 농장 트랙터 윤활 조성물 |
| WO2011102835A1 (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Wet friction clutch-lubricant systems providing high dynamic coefficients of friction through the use of sodium detergents |
| KR101681355B1 (ko) | 2010-02-19 | 2016-11-30 | 인피늄 인터내셔날 리미티드 | 붕산화된 세제의 사용을 통해 높은 동적 마찰 계수를 제공하는 습식 마찰 클러치-윤활제 시스템 |
| EP2661482B1 (en) | 2011-01-04 | 2016-12-28 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Continuously variable transmission fluid with extended anti-shudder durability |
| US20130281332A1 (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2013-10-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Composition With Improved Cleanliness For Lubrication Of Steam And Gas Turbine Systems |
| JP5922454B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-21 | 2016-05-24 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油添加剤組成物および潤滑油組成物 |
| JPWO2015045816A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-25 | 2017-03-09 | 出光興産株式会社 | トラクションドライブ変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| WO2015066690A1 (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-07 | Basf Se | Lubricant composition |
| BR112017009936B1 (pt) | 2014-11-12 | 2022-08-30 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Ésteres de fósforo misturados para aplicações lubrificantes |
| JP6551727B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-07-31 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| JP6533689B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-22 | 2019-06-19 | 出光興産株式会社 | 自動変速機油 |
| US9873849B2 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2018-01-23 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Dialkyaminoalkanol friction modifiers for fuels and lubricants |
| EP3405554B1 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2019-12-25 | Chevron Oronite Company LLC | Lubricating oil composition containing a mixture of olefin copolymer dispersant-type viscosity improver and amine compound |
| JP6978153B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-19 | 2021-12-08 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物、潤滑方法、及び変速機 |
| CN110088255A (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-08-02 | 路博润公司 | 具有在滚针轴承上的减少的磨损的自动变速器的润滑 |
| US12060537B2 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2024-08-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Cyclic phosphonate esters for lubricant applications |
| CA3203304A1 (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | Huntsman Petrochemical Llc | Reaction product of an organic amine and glycidol and its use as a friction modifier |
| JP7767184B2 (ja) * | 2022-02-28 | 2025-11-11 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
Family Cites Families (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE216252C (https=) | ||||
| US1888023A (en) * | 1928-06-08 | 1932-11-15 | Standard Oil Co | Color stabilization of lubricating oils |
| US2002501A (en) * | 1934-02-09 | 1935-05-28 | Donato Giuseppe | Combination writing implement |
| US3238130A (en) | 1958-09-23 | 1966-03-01 | Sinclair Research Inc | Anti-chatter lubricant for limited slip differential |
| CH508583A (de) | 1968-01-31 | 1971-06-15 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3-Aminopropanolen |
| US3932290A (en) | 1973-10-04 | 1976-01-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Phosphorus-containing friction modifiers for functional fluids |
| US3933659A (en) | 1974-07-11 | 1976-01-20 | Chevron Research Company | Extended life functional fluid |
| DD216252A1 (de) | 1983-04-11 | 1984-12-05 | Petrolchemisches Kom Schwedt 1 | Schmieroel zur verhinderung von stick-slip |
| US4915857A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1990-04-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Amine compatibility aids in lubricating oil compositions |
| US4886612A (en) | 1987-07-31 | 1989-12-12 | The Nisshin Oil Mills, Ltd. | Lubricating oil |
| US4795583A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-01-03 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Shift-feel durability enhancement |
| DE3844222A1 (de) * | 1988-12-29 | 1990-07-05 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von addukten von 1,2-butylenoxid an h-azide organische verbindungen als schmierstoffe und schmierstoffe, enthaltend diese addukte |
| JPH02182787A (ja) * | 1989-01-10 | 1990-07-17 | Tonen Corp | 手動変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| JP2795469B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-07 | 1998-09-10 | 東燃株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| US5817605A (en) | 1991-06-03 | 1998-10-06 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Automatic transmission and wet brake fluids and additive package therefor |
| US5858929A (en) | 1995-06-09 | 1999-01-12 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Composition for providing anti-shudder friction durability performance for automatic transmissions |
| JPH11512117A (ja) | 1995-10-04 | 1999-10-19 | エクソン・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク | 改善された錆止め性を有する潤滑剤 |
| US5750476A (en) | 1995-10-18 | 1998-05-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Power transmitting fluids with improved anti-shudder durability |
| US5972851A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1999-10-26 | Ethyl Corporation | Automatic transmission fluids having enhanced performance capabilities |
| JP2000239688A (ja) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-09-05 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 耐摩耗性向上剤 |
| JP4320092B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-20 | 2009-08-26 | 株式会社Adeka | 自動変速機用流体及び連続可変無段変速機用流体 |
| US20020151441A1 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-10-17 | Sanjay Srinivasan | Automatic transmission fluids with improved anti-shudder properties |
| EP1321507A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Infineum International Limited | Heavy duty diesel engine lubricating oil compositions |
| US7381691B2 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2008-06-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Friction modifiers for improved anti-shudder performance and high static friction in transmission fluids |
| US7947636B2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2011-05-24 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Power transmission fluids |
| US7439213B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2008-10-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Secondary and tertiary amines as friction modifiers for automatic transmission fluids |
-
2004
- 2004-10-19 US US10/968,417 patent/US7439213B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-10-17 DE DE602005026038T patent/DE602005026038D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-10-17 JP JP2007537039A patent/JP5039555B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-17 WO PCT/US2005/037897 patent/WO2006045044A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-17 EP EP05817331A patent/EP1805286B1/en not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-04-12 US US11/279,481 patent/US7618929B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060172899A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
| JP2008517107A (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
| EP1805286B1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
| US7439213B2 (en) | 2008-10-21 |
| DE602005026038D1 (de) | 2011-03-03 |
| US7618929B2 (en) | 2009-11-17 |
| EP1805286A1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
| US20060084583A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| WO2006045044A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
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| A524 | Written submission of copy of amendment under article 19 pct |
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| A621 | Written request for application examination |
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| A977 | Report on retrieval |
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