JP5031156B2 - Anti-obesity agent - Google Patents

Anti-obesity agent Download PDF

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Publication number
JP5031156B2
JP5031156B2 JP2001287479A JP2001287479A JP5031156B2 JP 5031156 B2 JP5031156 B2 JP 5031156B2 JP 2001287479 A JP2001287479 A JP 2001287479A JP 2001287479 A JP2001287479 A JP 2001287479A JP 5031156 B2 JP5031156 B2 JP 5031156B2
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Prior art keywords
carotenoid
extract
differentiation
obesity agent
obesity
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JP2001287479A
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JP2003095930A (en
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俊二 大嶋
隆博 稲熊
敬三 関谷
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Kagome Co Ltd
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Kagome Co Ltd
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から有機溶媒を用いて抽出された抽出物を、有効成分として含有する抗肥満剤又はカロテノイドを有効成分として含有する、抗肥満剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、ガンや糖尿病などに代表される生活習慣病が増加し続けており、それらの疾病を予防するための対策が「健康日本21」などをはじめ、様々な形で報じられている。
【0003】
生活習慣病のうち、糖尿病、高血圧症、高脂血症などの危険因子として肥満が挙げられており、これらを予防するための重要な対策の一つに肥満の予防や肥満改善が挙げられている。
【0004】
基本的な肥満改善方法としては、運動療法と食事療法があるが、どちらも継続的な実施が困難である。
【0005】
また、運動、食事療法以外の改善方法としては医薬品の使用があり、食欲抑制剤であるマジンドールや、消化吸収阻害剤であるアカルボース、ボグリボースなどが知られている。
【0006】
日本ではマジンドールのみが認可されているが、これは向精神薬に属しており、依存性があるため、使用が制限されている。
【0007】
また、消化吸収阻害作用を示す健康食品も販売されているが、基本的には食前に摂取する必要があり利用性が悪い。
【0008】
そこで、効果が高く、安全な抗肥満剤の提供が望まれていた。
【0009】
ところで、体内において脂肪は、脂肪組織に存在する脂肪細胞によって蓄積される。脂肪細胞は、前駆脂肪細胞である線維芽細胞から分化するが、この前駆脂肪細胞は脂肪を蓄積することが出来ない。
【0010】
よって、前駆脂肪細胞から脂肪細胞への分化を抑制することで脂肪の蓄積を抑制し、肥満の予防や肥満の改善が可能となる。
【0011】
一方、カロテノイドは抗酸化作用を有し、様々な生理作用が注目されている天然物質である。
【0012】
しかし、カロテノイドを含む野菜や果実の抽出物及びカロテノイドに脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する活性は知られておらず、また、この活性を利用して抗肥満剤に適用する試みは、いまだ報告されていない。
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記観点からなされたものであり、効果が高く安全で、脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する活性を有する新規な成分を含有する抗肥満剤を提供することを課題とする。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するため鋭意研究を重ねた結果、カロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から有機溶媒を用いて抽出された抽出物及びカロテノイドに脂肪細胞分化を抑制する活性があることを見出し、本発明の完成に至った。
【0015】
すなわち、本発明は、以下のとおりである。
(1)カロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から有機溶媒を用いて抽出することにより得られる脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物を、有効成分として含有する抗肥満剤。
(2)前記カロテノイドを含む野菜が、トマト、赤ピーマン、かぼちゃ及びクコから選ばれる、(1)に記載の抗肥満剤。
(3)カロテノイドを有効成分として含有する、抗肥満剤。
(4)前記カロテノイドがリコピン、カプサンチン、ルテイン及びゼアキサンチンから選ばれる、(3)に記載の抗肥満剤。
(5)前記(1)〜(4)の何れか一項に記載の抗肥満剤を含有する医薬用組成物。
(6)前記(1)又は(2)に記載の抗肥満剤を含有する飲食品用組成物。
(7)前記(3)又は(4)に記載の抗肥満剤を含有する飲食品用組成物であって、該飲食品用組成物中のカロテノイドの含有量が、0.02重量%以上である、飲食品用組成物。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
<1>本発明の抗肥満剤
本発明の抗肥満剤とは、肥満予防の効果と肥満改善の効果の少なくとも一方の効果を満足する剤をいう。
【0017】
本発明の抗肥満剤は、カロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から有機溶媒を用いて抽出することにより得られる脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物、又はカロテノイドを有効成分として含有する。
【0018】
カロテノイドには、以下の実施例から明らかなように脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用がある。そこでカロテノイドを有効成分として、効果を示すに有効な量含有する剤は、抗肥満剤として好適に使用することができる。
【0019】
また、カロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から有機溶媒を用いて抽出することによって得られる抽出物もカロテノイドが含まれているため、脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を示す。よって、カロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から有機溶媒を用いて抽出することにより得られる脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物を有効成分として、効果を示すに有効な量含有する剤も、抗肥満剤として使用することができる。
【0020】
本発明において用いる野菜又は果実はカロテノイドを含むものであれば、特には制限されないが、好ましくはトマト、赤ピーマン、かぼちゃ又はクコが例示できる。
【0021】
上記カロテノイドは、長い鎖状の共役2重結合系からなるポリエン構造をもつ色素をいい、カロテノイド類に属するものであれば、本発明では1種類に限られず、2種類以上の種類の異なるカロテノイドを含んでいてもよい。カロテノイドの種類としては、リコピン、カプサンチン、ルテイン、ゼアキサンチン又はアスタキサンチン等が例示できるが、特にリコピン、カプサンチン、ルテイン又はゼアキサンチンが好ましく本発明に適用できる。尚、リコピン、カプサンチン、ルテイン又はゼアキサンチンの構造式を以下に示す。
【0022】
【化1】

Figure 0005031156
【0023】
【化2】
Figure 0005031156
【0024】
【化3】
Figure 0005031156
【0025】
【化4】
Figure 0005031156
上記した脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物及びカロテノイドの抽出例を以下に例示するが、本発明はこの抽出例に限定されるものではない。
【0026】
まず、野菜又は果実を凍結乾燥し、この乾燥粉末に蒸留水を加え、上清を取り除き残渣を得る。この残渣に有機溶媒(好ましくはヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール及びトルエンからなる混合液)を加え、残渣を取り除いた上清を抽出液として得る。この抽出液を濃縮乾固させることにより、脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物を得ることができる。
【0027】
更に上述した抽出物を有機溶媒(好ましくはヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール及びトルエンからなる混合液)に溶解した後、吸着クロマトグラフィー、分配クロマトグラフィー等の各種クロマトグラフィーを使用して、クロマトグラフ分画することによりさらに分離・精製を行い、カロテノイドの分画物を得る。
【0028】
上記カロテノイドを得るためのクロマトグラフ分画の例を以下に例示する。
【0029】
抽出物に対して、ヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール、トルエンの混合溶媒を加えて溶解させる。次に水酸化カリウム/メタノール溶液を加えてケン化を行う。
次に蒸留水を加えて分配後、上層の有機溶媒層を分取する。有機溶媒層を減圧濃縮し、ヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール、トルエンの混合溶媒を加えて溶解させる。HPLCで、ODSカラムを用い、移動相にメタノール、ジクロロメタンの混合溶媒を用いて、流速10mL/分で分取する。各カロテノイドのリテンションタイムは、およそカプサンチンが5分、ルテインが8分、ゼアキサンチンが10分、リコピンが20分である。分取後、有機溶媒を減圧濃縮し、各カロテノイドを得る。
【0030】
上記の様にして得るカロテノイドは、抽出対象とする野菜や果実の種類を替えることで、それから得られるカロテノイドの種類を適宜好ましいものに選択することができる。
【0031】
尚、カロテノイドは構造式が判っているので、上記のようにしてカロテノイドを含む野菜や果実さらに藻類や微生物から分画して得る以外に、合成により得ることもできる。
【0032】
上記の様にして得られた抽出物又はカロテノイドは、本発明の効果を発揮するに有効な量含有させて、抗肥満剤として使用される。
【0033】
その場合、上記の様にして得られた抽出物又はカロテノイドをそのまま抗肥満剤として使用することもできるし、該抽出物又はカロテノイドをウシ胎児血清、リポソーム、エタノール等の溶媒と合わせて抗肥満剤として使用することもできる。
【0034】
含有量は、脂肪細胞の分化を抑制するという効果を生じる限り任意に設定できるが、以下に、より好ましい具体的含有量を示す。
【0035】
本発明の抗肥満剤における、カロテノイドの濃度は0.1μM〜20μM、より好ましくは0.4μM〜3μMであるとよい。
【0036】
カロテノイドの濃度が0.1μMより薄いと本発明の効果が充分示されず、一方、20μMより濃いと、かえって本発明の効果が阻害される場合もある。
【0037】
また、本発明の脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物の濃度は、1μg/ml〜500μg/ml、より好ましくは5μg/ml〜100μg/mlの量であるとよい。
【0038】
尚、上述した抽出物又はカロテノイドをそのまま抗肥満剤とする場合には、該抗肥満剤を実際ヒトに投与する場合、上記の溶媒に分散させて使用することが好ましい。そして、その場合の抗肥満剤の使用量は、抗肥満剤と分散媒との合計量に対し、上記抽出物又はカロテノイドの占める割合が上記の濃度範囲を満たすように設定されるとよい。
【0039】
上述した抽出物に脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する物質が含まれているか否かを判断する方法としては、又は上述した抽出物あるいはカロテノイドが本発明の効果を発揮するに有効な量含有されているか否かを判断する方法としては、公知の脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を検定する方法を用いることができる。
【0040】
例えば、前駆脂肪細胞を培養し、コンフルエントに達した後、分化処理試薬としてインスリンを添加することで分化を誘導する。その際、上記抽出物又はカロテノイドを含有する抗肥満剤をインスリンと共に添加する試料と、これら抗肥満剤を添加しない試料とを作製する。各試料におけるGPDH(グリセロール−3−リン酸脱水素酵素)活性を測定し(具体的なGPDH活性の測定法については、実施例に記載)、該測定値を脂肪細胞の分化を抑制するか否かの判断の指標とする。抗肥満剤を添加していないインスリン単独の試料(以下、コントロールともいう)の測定値に比較して、インスリンと共に抗肥満剤を添加した試料の測定値が低い値を示した場合には、その低い値を示した試料には脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する効果があると判断することができる。
<2>本発明の抗肥満剤を含有する医薬用組成物。
【0041】
本発明の医薬用組成物は、上記の抗肥満剤を、常法にしたがって配合したものであり、脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用が期待できるものであれば特に限定されるものではない。
【0042】
本発明の医薬用組成物の剤型は、特に限定されないが、一般に製剤上許容される1または2種類以上の担体、賦形剤、統合剤、防腐剤、安定剤、香味剤等と共に混合して、錠剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、水薬、ドリンク剤等の内服剤型とすることが好ましい。このような製剤化は、通常、医薬の製造に用いられる方法に従って製剤化することができる。
【0043】
上記医薬用組成物の投与量としては、疾患の種類、症状、患者の年齢、体重等により異なるが、成人1日当たり、カロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から有機溶媒を用いて抽出することによって得られる脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物を10〜1000mg含む抗肥満剤を含有する医薬用組成物を、又は、カロテノイドを1〜100mg含む抗肥満剤を含有する医薬用組成物を、1回ないし数回に分けて経口投与するのが好ましい。
<3>本発明の抗肥満剤を含有する飲食品用組成物
本発明の飲食品用組成物は、上記の抗肥満剤を、常法にしたがって配合したものである。
【0044】
本発明の飲食品用組成物としては、上記の脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用が期待できるものであれば特に限定されるものではないが、種々の食品に、食品として通常用いられている任意成分とともに、食品原料に抽出物を所要量配合することができる。この抽出物を配合する際に特に留意することはなく、通常の製造方法により加工製造することにより、健康食品、機能性食品を製造することができる。配合量は、飲食品の種類により異なるが、飲食品の味を損なわず、且つ十分な脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する効果を得るためには、飲食品用組成物全量に対して、脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物を0.1〜10重量%の割合で、より好ましくは0.5〜5重量%の割合で、又は飲食品用組成物全量に対して、カロテノイドを0.01〜1重量%の割合で、より好ましくは0.02〜0.5重量%の割合で、配合させるのが好ましい。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに具体的に説明する。
【0046】
尚、実施例で使用した試薬はインスリンがシグマ社製である以外、その他の試薬は全て和光純薬工業(株)製である。
【0047】
【実施例1】
<試料抽出方法>
試料の抽出方法は、以下のように行った。図1に本発明の分画方法の概略図を示す。
【0048】
各野菜(トマト、赤ピーマン、かぼちゃ、クコ)の可食部を凍結乾燥し、乾燥粉末を得た。この各野菜の乾燥粉末10gに100mLの蒸留水を加え、上清を取り除き残渣を得た。この操作を更に2回繰り返し、計3回の操作により残渣を得た。この残渣に1Lのヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール及びトルエンからなる混合液(10:7:6:7)を加え、残渣を取り除いた上清を抽出液として得た。この操作を更に2回繰り返し、計3回の操作により抽出液を得た。この抽出液をエバポレーターを用いて濃縮乾固させることにより、脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する各野菜における各抽出物を得た(以下、「試料▲1▼」ともいう)。
【0049】
更に上述した各抽出物1gに対して、ヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール及びトルエンからなる混合液(10:7:6:7)50mLを加えて溶解させた。次に3%水酸化カリウム/メタノール溶液を5mL加えて、50℃で30分間、ケン化を行なった。次に100mLの蒸留水を加えて分配後、上層の有機溶媒層を分取した。有機溶媒層を減圧濃縮し、ヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール、トルエンの混合溶媒(10:7:6:7)10mLを加えて溶解させた。HPLC(島津製)で、ODSカラム(Inertsil PREP-ODS 20×250mm(GL Sciences))を用い、移動相にメタノール、ジクロロメタン(9:1)の混合溶媒を用いて、流速10mL/分で分取した。各カロテノイドのリテンションタイムは、カプサンチンが5分、ルテインが8分、ゼアキサンチンが10分、リコピンが20分であった。
分取後、有機溶媒を減圧濃縮し、各カロテノイドの分画物を得た(以下、「試料▲2▼」ともいう)。
【0050】
上記の操作による分画により得られた各画分への分配率(重量%)を表1に示す。ここで、分配率とは、各分画から得られた試料の重量を、分画開始前の凍結乾燥物重量(10g)で除した値に100を乗じて%表示したものである。
【0051】
【表1】
Figure 0005031156
尚、表1中、トマトの欄に記載されているカロテノイドの量とは、リコピンの量を表している。同様に、赤ピーマンの欄に記載のカロテノイドはカプサンチンを、かぼちゃの欄に記載のカロテノイドはルテインを、クコの欄に記載のカロテノイドはゼアキサンチンを表している。
【0052】
【実施例2】
<脂肪細胞分化抑制作用の評価>
評価には、前駆脂肪細胞として汎用されている3T3-L1細胞(アメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクションATCC CCL 92.1)を用いた。
【0053】
前駆脂肪細胞を、10%ウシ胎児血清(和光純薬工業(株)製)を含むDME培地(和光純薬工業(株)製)で、37℃、5%CO2条件下で培養した。
コンフルエントに達した後、分化処理試薬としてインスリン(シグマ社製、豚脾由来、最終濃度で1μM添加)を、培地交換時に概ね1日置きに5回添加することで分化を誘導した。
【0054】
各野菜抽出物(30μg/ml)及び各カロテノイド(1.5μM)(各抽出物及び各カテロイドを10%ウシ胎児血清に懸濁して抗肥満剤としている。また、カッコ内の数字は最終濃度を示す)を、分化処理試薬と同時に添加した。
【0055】
脂肪細胞への分化は、GPDH活性(グリセロール-3-リン酸脱水素酵素)を指標とした。インスリン及び各試料(試料▲1▼又は試料▲2▼を含有する各試料)添加から10日後、以下の方法でGPDH活性を測定した。
【0056】
各培養液の上清200μlに25mM EDTA、1mM DTT(ジチオトレイトール)を含む1Mトリエタノールアミン(pH7.4)600μlと1.5mM NADH 100μlを加えて混合後、4mM DHAP(ジヒドロキシアセトンリン酸)を100μl添加し、添加1分後から5分後まで1分間隔で340nmの吸光度を測定した。そして、吸光度減少速度を求めることで、蛋白1mg及び1分間当たりのGPDH酵素活性を算出した。
【0057】
結果を図2及び図3に示す。
【0058】
図2に示したとおり、インスリン添加により、インスリンなしの場合と比べて分化の指標となるGPDH活性が著しく上昇しているのに対して、各野菜抽出物(30μg/ml)の添加により、明らかな活性の抑制が認められた。これより、すべての野菜抽出物において、前駆脂肪細胞の脂肪細胞への分化を抑制する活性があることが認められた。
【0059】
尚、図2中に示してあるアルファベット(a,b,c)は、共通するアルファベットを有しないものについて危険率5%未満で、統計的に有意な差があることを示す。
【0060】
図3に示したとおり、インスリン添加により、インスリンなしの場合と比べて分化の指標となるGPDH活性が著しく上昇しているのに対して、各カロチノイド(1.5μM)の添加により、明らかな活性の抑制が認められた。これより、すべてのカロテノイドにおいて、前駆脂肪細胞の脂肪細胞への分化を抑制する活性があることが認められた。
【0061】
尚、図3中に示してあるアルファベット(a,b,c)は、共通するアルファベットを有しないものについて危険率5%未満で、統計的に有意な差があることを示す。
【0062】
以上、実験結果から明らかなように、カロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から有機溶媒を用いて抽出された抽出物及びカロテノイドには脂肪細胞分化を抑制する活性があることが認められ、よって、これらを有効成分として含有する剤は、肥満予防又は肥満改善に有効に作用し、抗肥満剤として有効に使用できることが確認できた。
【0063】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、効果が高く、安全で、脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する活性を有する新規な成分を含有する抗肥満剤を提供することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の分画方法を説明する概略図。
【図2】 各野菜からの抽出物を前駆脂肪細胞に添加した場合の、前駆脂肪細胞のGPDH活性の測定結果を表す図。
【図3】 各カロテノイドを前駆脂肪細胞に添加した場合の、前駆脂肪細胞のGPDH活性の測定結果を表す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an anti-obesity agent containing an extract extracted from a vegetable or fruit containing carotenoids using an organic solvent as an active ingredient, or an anti-obesity agent containing a carotenoid as an active ingredient.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes continue to increase, and measures to prevent these diseases are reported in various forms including “Healthy Japan 21”.
[0003]
Among lifestyle-related diseases, obesity is listed as a risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc. One of the important measures to prevent these is prevention of obesity and improvement of obesity. Yes.
[0004]
Basic methods for improving obesity include exercise therapy and diet therapy, both of which are difficult to continue.
[0005]
As an improvement method other than exercise and diet therapy, pharmaceuticals are used, and an appetite suppressant mazindol, a digestion absorption inhibitor acarbose and voglibose are known.
[0006]
Only mazindol is approved in Japan, but it belongs to a psychotropic drug and its use is restricted due to its dependence.
[0007]
Health foods that have digestive absorption inhibitory effects are also on the market, but basically they need to be taken before meals and are not useful.
[0008]
Therefore, it has been desired to provide an anti-obesity agent that is highly effective and safe.
[0009]
By the way, fat in the body is accumulated by fat cells present in adipose tissue. Adipocytes differentiate from fibroblasts, which are preadipocytes, but these preadipocytes cannot accumulate fat.
[0010]
Therefore, by suppressing the differentiation from preadipocytes to adipocytes, accumulation of fat can be suppressed, and obesity can be prevented and obesity can be improved.
[0011]
On the other hand, carotenoids are natural substances that have antioxidant activity and are attracting attention for various physiological effects.
[0012]
However, vegetable and fruit extracts and carotenoids containing carotenoids and carotenoids are not known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation, and attempts to apply these activities to anti-obesity agents have not yet been reported. Absent.
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
This invention is made | formed from the said viewpoint, and makes it a subject to provide the anti-obesity agent containing the novel component which has the effect which is highly effective and safe, and has the activity which suppresses the differentiation of an adipocyte.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that an extract extracted from a carotenoid-containing vegetable or fruit using an organic solvent and carotenoid has an activity of suppressing adipocyte differentiation. The present invention has been completed.
[0015]
That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) An antiobesity agent containing, as an active ingredient, an extract having an action of suppressing differentiation of adipocytes obtained by extraction from a vegetable or fruit containing carotenoids using an organic solvent.
(2) The anti-obesity agent according to (1), wherein the vegetable containing the carotenoid is selected from tomato, red bell pepper, pumpkin and wolfberry.
(3) An anti-obesity agent containing carotenoid as an active ingredient.
(4) The anti-obesity agent according to (3), wherein the carotenoid is selected from lycopene, capsanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin.
(5) A pharmaceutical composition containing the anti-obesity agent according to any one of (1) to (4).
(6) A composition for food and drink containing the anti-obesity agent according to (1) or (2).
(7) A composition for food or beverage containing the anti-obesity agent according to (3) or (4), wherein the content of carotenoid in the composition for food or beverage is 0.02% by weight or more. A composition for food and drink.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
<1> Anti-obesity agent of the present invention The anti-obesity agent of the present invention refers to an agent that satisfies at least one of the effect of preventing obesity and the effect of improving obesity.
[0017]
The anti-obesity agent of the present invention contains, as an active ingredient, an extract having an action of suppressing the differentiation of adipocytes obtained by extraction from a vegetable or fruit containing carotenoid using an organic solvent, or carotenoid.
[0018]
The carotenoid has an action of suppressing adipocyte differentiation, as is apparent from the following examples. Therefore, an agent containing carotenoid as an active ingredient and an effective amount for showing the effect can be suitably used as an anti-obesity agent.
[0019]
Moreover, since the carotenoid is contained also in the extract obtained by extracting from the vegetable or fruit containing a carotenoid using an organic solvent, the effect | action which suppresses the differentiation of an adipocyte is shown. Therefore, an agent containing an effective amount of an extract having an action of suppressing differentiation of adipocytes obtained by extraction from a carotenoid-containing vegetable or fruit using an organic solvent is also effective. It can be used as an obesity agent.
[0020]
The vegetables or fruits used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they contain carotenoids, but preferred examples include tomatoes, red peppers, pumpkins and wolfberry.
[0021]
The carotenoid refers to a dye having a polyene structure composed of a long chain conjugated double bond system. If it belongs to carotenoids, it is not limited to one kind in the present invention, and two or more kinds of different carotenoids are used. May be included. Examples of the carotenoid include lycopene, capsanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin, and lycopene, capsanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin are particularly preferable and can be applied to the present invention. The structural formula of lycopene, capsanthin, lutein or zeaxanthin is shown below.
[0022]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0005031156
[0023]
[Chemical formula 2]
Figure 0005031156
[0024]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0005031156
[0025]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0005031156
Examples of extraction of the extract and carotenoid having the above-described action of suppressing adipocyte differentiation are illustrated below, but the present invention is not limited to this extraction example.
[0026]
First, vegetables or fruits are freeze-dried, distilled water is added to the dried powder, and the supernatant is removed to obtain a residue. An organic solvent (preferably a mixed solution composed of hexane, acetone, ethanol and toluene) is added to this residue, and a supernatant from which the residue has been removed is obtained as an extract. By concentrating and drying this extract, it is possible to obtain an extract having an action of suppressing adipocyte differentiation.
[0027]
Further, after the above-mentioned extract is dissolved in an organic solvent (preferably a mixed solution of hexane, acetone, ethanol and toluene), chromatographic fractionation is performed using various chromatographies such as adsorption chromatography and partition chromatography. The product is further separated and purified to obtain a carotenoid fraction.
[0028]
Examples of chromatographic fractionation for obtaining the carotenoid will be exemplified below.
[0029]
To the extract, a mixed solvent of hexane, acetone, ethanol and toluene is added and dissolved. Next, saponification is performed by adding a potassium hydroxide / methanol solution.
Next, distilled water is added and distributed, and then the upper organic solvent layer is separated. The organic solvent layer is concentrated under reduced pressure, and a mixed solvent of hexane, acetone, ethanol and toluene is added and dissolved. In HPLC, using an ODS column and a mixed solvent of methanol and dichloromethane as a mobile phase, fractionation is performed at a flow rate of 10 mL / min. The retention times for each carotenoid are approximately 5 minutes for capsanthin, 8 minutes for lutein, 10 minutes for zeaxanthin, and 20 minutes for lycopene. After fractionation, the organic solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain each carotenoid.
[0030]
The carotenoid obtained as described above can be appropriately selected from the types of carotenoids obtained by changing the types of vegetables and fruits to be extracted.
[0031]
Since carotenoids have a known structural formula, they can be obtained by synthesis in addition to fractionation from vegetables and fruits containing carotenoids, algae and microorganisms as described above.
[0032]
The extract or carotenoid obtained as described above is used as an anti-obesity agent in an amount effective for exhibiting the effects of the present invention.
[0033]
In that case, the extract or carotenoid obtained as described above can be used as an anti-obesity agent as it is, or the extract or carotenoid is combined with a solvent such as fetal bovine serum, liposome, ethanol or the like as an anti-obesity agent. It can also be used as
[0034]
The content can be arbitrarily set as long as the effect of suppressing the differentiation of adipocytes is produced, and more preferable specific content is shown below.
[0035]
The carotenoid concentration in the anti-obesity agent of the present invention is 0.1 μM to 20 μM, more preferably 0.4 μM to 3 μM.
[0036]
When the concentration of carotenoid is less than 0.1 μM, the effect of the present invention is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, when the concentration is higher than 20 μM, the effect of the present invention may be inhibited.
[0037]
In addition, the concentration of the extract having an action of suppressing differentiation of the fat cells of the present invention may be 1 μg / ml to 500 μg / ml, more preferably 5 μg / ml to 100 μg / ml.
[0038]
In addition, when the above-mentioned extract or carotenoid is used as an anti-obesity agent as it is, when the anti-obesity agent is actually administered to humans, it is preferable to use it dispersed in the above solvent. And the usage-amount of the anti-obesity agent in that case is good to set so that the ratio for which the said extract or carotenoid occupies said concentration range with respect to the total amount of an anti-obesity agent and a dispersion medium.
[0039]
As a method for determining whether or not the above-mentioned extract contains a substance having an action of suppressing adipocyte differentiation, or the above-mentioned extract or carotenoid contains an effective amount to exert the effect of the present invention As a method for determining whether or not the above has been done, a known method for assaying the action of inhibiting the differentiation of adipocytes can be used.
[0040]
For example, after preadipocytes are cultured and reach confluence, differentiation is induced by adding insulin as a differentiation treatment reagent. In that case, the sample which adds the said antiobesity agent containing the said extract or carotenoid with insulin, and the sample which does not add these antiobesity agents are produced. The GPDH (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) activity in each sample is measured (a specific GPDH activity measurement method is described in the Examples), and the measured value is used to suppress differentiation of adipocytes. It is used as an index for the judgment. If the measured value of the sample to which the anti-obesity agent is added together with insulin is lower than the measured value of the sample of insulin alone (hereinafter also referred to as control) to which the anti-obesity agent has not been added, It can be determined that a sample showing a low value has an effect of suppressing differentiation of adipocytes.
<2> A pharmaceutical composition containing the anti-obesity agent of the present invention.
[0041]
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the anti-obesity agent is blended according to a conventional method and can be expected to suppress the differentiation of adipocytes.
[0042]
The dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is generally mixed with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, integrating agents, preservatives, stabilizers, flavoring agents and the like. Thus, it is preferable to adopt an internal dosage form such as a tablet, granule, capsule, liquid medicine, or drink. Such formulation can be formulated usually according to a method used for production of a medicine.
[0043]
The dose of the above pharmaceutical composition varies depending on the type of disease, symptoms, patient age, weight, etc., but it is obtained by extracting from a vegetable or fruit containing carotenoids using an organic solvent per day for an adult. A pharmaceutical composition containing an anti-obesity agent containing 10 to 1000 mg of an extract having an action of inhibiting cell differentiation or a pharmaceutical composition containing an anti-obesity agent containing 1 to 100 mg of carotenoid once Oral administration is preferably divided into several times.
<3> Composition for food and beverage containing anti-obesity agent of the present invention The composition for food and beverage of the present invention is obtained by blending the above anti-obesity agent according to a conventional method.
[0044]
The composition for food and drink of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be expected to suppress the above-described adipocyte differentiation. However, any composition that is usually used as a food for various foods. Along with the ingredients, the required amount of the extract can be added to the food material. When blending this extract, there is no particular attention, and health foods and functional foods can be produced by processing and producing them by a normal production method. The blending amount varies depending on the type of food or drink, but in order to obtain the effect of suppressing the differentiation of adipocytes without impairing the taste of the food or drink, The carotenoid is added in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, or the carotenoid in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight or the total amount of the composition for food and drink. It is preferable to blend in a proportion of 01 to 1% by weight, more preferably in a proportion of 0.02 to 0.5% by weight.
[0045]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0046]
The reagents used in the examples are all manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., except that insulin is manufactured by Sigma.
[0047]
[Example 1]
<Sample extraction method>
The sample extraction method was performed as follows. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the fractionation method of the present invention.
[0048]
The edible portion of each vegetable (tomato, red pepper, pumpkin, wolfberry) was freeze-dried to obtain a dry powder. 100 mL of distilled water was added to 10 g of the dried powder of each vegetable, and the supernatant was removed to obtain a residue. This operation was repeated two more times, and a residue was obtained by a total of three operations. To this residue was added 1 L of a mixture of hexane, acetone, ethanol and toluene (10: 7: 6: 7), and a supernatant from which the residue was removed was obtained as an extract. This operation was repeated two more times, and an extract was obtained by a total of three operations. The extract was concentrated to dryness using an evaporator to obtain each extract in each vegetable having an action of suppressing adipocyte differentiation (hereinafter also referred to as “sample (1)”).
[0049]
Furthermore, 50 mL of a mixed solution (10: 7: 6: 7) composed of hexane, acetone, ethanol and toluene was added to 1 g of each extract described above and dissolved. Next, 5 mL of 3% potassium hydroxide / methanol solution was added and saponification was performed at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, 100 mL of distilled water was added and distributed, and the upper organic solvent layer was separated. The organic solvent layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, and 10 mL of a mixed solvent of hexane, acetone, ethanol and toluene (10: 7: 6: 7) was added and dissolved. Using HPLC (manufactured by Shimadzu) with an ODS column (Inertsil PREP-ODS 20 × 250 mm (GL Sciences)), using a mixed solvent of methanol and dichloromethane (9: 1) as a mobile phase, fractionation at a flow rate of 10 mL / min. did. The retention time of each carotenoid was 5 minutes for capsanthin, 8 minutes for lutein, 10 minutes for zeaxanthin, and 20 minutes for lycopene.
After fractionation, the organic solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a fraction of each carotenoid (hereinafter also referred to as “Sample 2”).
[0050]
Table 1 shows the distribution ratio (% by weight) to each fraction obtained by fractionation by the above operation. Here, the distribution rate is a value obtained by dividing the weight of the sample obtained from each fraction by the weight of the lyophilized product (10 g) before the start of fractionation and multiplying by 100 to display the percentage.
[0051]
[Table 1]
Figure 0005031156
In Table 1, the amount of carotenoid described in the column of tomato represents the amount of lycopene. Similarly, the carotenoid described in the red bell pepper column represents capsanthin, the carotenoid described in the pumpkin column represents lutein, and the carotenoid described in the wolfberry column represents zeaxanthin.
[0052]
[Example 2]
<Evaluation of adipocyte differentiation inhibitory action>
For the evaluation, 3T3-L1 cells (American Type Culture Collection ATCC CCL 92.1) that are widely used as preadipocytes were used.
[0053]
Preadipocytes were cultured in a DME medium (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 .
After reaching confluency, differentiation was induced by adding insulin as a differentiation treatment reagent (Sigma, porcine spleen, 1 μM added at final concentration) approximately 5 times every other day when the medium was changed.
[0054]
Each vegetable extract (30 μg / ml) and each carotenoid (1.5 μM) (each extract and each cateroid are suspended in 10% fetal bovine serum to form an anti-obesity agent. The numbers in parentheses indicate the final concentration. ) Was added simultaneously with the differentiation treatment reagent.
[0055]
Differentiation into adipocytes was performed using GPDH activity (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) as an index. Ten days after the addition of insulin and each sample (each sample containing sample (1) or sample (2)), GPDH activity was measured by the following method.
[0056]
Add 200 μl of 1 M triethanolamine (pH 7.4) containing 25 mM EDTA and 1 mM DTT (dithiothreitol) and 100 μl of 1.5 mM NADH to 200 μl of the supernatant of each culture, and mix with 4 mM DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate). 100 μl was added, and absorbance at 340 nm was measured at 1 minute intervals from 1 minute to 5 minutes after the addition. Then, 1 mg of protein and GPDH enzyme activity per minute were calculated by determining the rate of decrease in absorbance.
[0057]
The results are shown in FIGS.
[0058]
As shown in FIG. 2, the addition of insulin significantly increases the GPDH activity as an index of differentiation compared to the case without insulin, whereas the addition of each vegetable extract (30 μg / ml) reveals that Suppression of the activity was observed. From this, it was recognized that all vegetable extracts have an activity to suppress the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes.
[0059]
In addition, the alphabet (a, b, c) shown in FIG. 2 indicates that there is a statistically significant difference with a risk factor of less than 5% for those that do not have a common alphabet.
[0060]
As shown in FIG. 3, the addition of insulin markedly increased the GPDH activity, which is an index of differentiation, compared to the case without insulin, whereas the addition of each carotenoid (1.5 μM) showed a clear activity. Inhibition was observed. From these results, it was confirmed that all carotenoids have an activity of suppressing the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes.
[0061]
Note that the alphabets (a, b, c) shown in FIG. 3 indicate that there is a statistically significant difference with a risk factor of less than 5% for those that do not have a common alphabet.
[0062]
As described above, as is clear from the experimental results, it has been confirmed that the extracts and carotenoids extracted from vegetables or fruits containing carotenoids using organic solvents have an activity to suppress adipocyte differentiation, and thus these are effective. It was confirmed that the agent contained as a component acts effectively for obesity prevention or obesity improvement and can be used effectively as an anti-obesity agent.
[0063]
【Effect of the invention】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, an anti-obesity agent containing a novel component having a high effect, safety, and activity of suppressing adipocyte differentiation could be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fractionation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing measurement results of GPDH activity of preadipocytes when extracts from each vegetable are added to preadipocytes.
FIG. 3 shows measurement results of GPDH activity of preadipocytes when each carotenoid is added to preadipocytes.

Claims (3)

リコピン、カプサンチン、ルテイン及びゼアキサンチンから選ばれるカロテノイドを含む野菜又は果実から該カロテノイドを有機溶媒を用いて抽出することにより得られる脂肪細胞の分化を抑制する作用を有する抽出物を、有効成分として含有する抗肥満経口投与用医薬成物。Contains, as an active ingredient, an extract having an action of suppressing the differentiation of adipocytes obtained by extracting the carotenoid from a vegetable or fruit containing carotenoid selected from lycopene, capsanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin using an organic solvent antiobesity for oral administration pharmaceutical group Narubutsu. 前記カロテノイドを含む野菜が、トマト、赤ピーマン、かぼちゃ及びクコから選ばれる、請求項1に記載の医薬成物。Vegetables containing the carotenoid, tomato, red pepper, is selected from pumpkin and wolfberry pharmaceutical group composition as claimed in claim 1. リコピン、カプサンチン、ルテイン及びゼアキサンチンから選ばれるカロテノイドを有効成分として含有する、抗肥満経口投与用医薬成物。Lycopene, capsanthin, lutein and containing as an active ingredient a carotenoid selected from zeaxanthin, anti-obesity for oral administration pharmaceutical group Narubutsu.
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