JP5027660B2 - 残留油を含む炭化水素原料の熱分解に用いられる蒸気/液体分離装置 - Google Patents
残留油を含む炭化水素原料の熱分解に用いられる蒸気/液体分離装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 steam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 47
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002352 steam pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
(a) 炭化水素原料を加熱し;
(b) 加熱された炭化水素原料を第一次希釈スチーム流と混合し、加熱された2相の階層のオープン チャンネル フロー混合流を形成し、該混合流は、例えば、ステップ(c)の前に、対流により更に過熱されることもあり;(c)炭化水素とスチームの蒸気/液体混合物を処理するために混合流を蒸気/液体分離装置(又はフラッシュ ゾーン)の方向に向け、該装置は(i)上部キャップ部分、おおよそ円形状の壁を持つ中間部分、及び下部キャップ部分を持つおおよそ円筒状の垂直ドラム;(ii)上部キャップ部分に取り付けられた頭部蒸気排出口;(iii)壁に沿ってフローを導入するために中間部分の壁におおよそ接線方向に位置する少なくとも一つの取入口;(iv)中間部分に位置する環状構造であって、1)円形状の壁から延びる環状の天井部分、及び2)天井部分が延びている内部垂直側面壁であり、該側面壁は円形状の壁とおおよそ同心であるが、円形状の壁から離れて位置し、環状構造は天井部分を越えて蒸気/液体混合物が円形状の壁に沿って上部に上がるのをブロックし、及び環状構造は液体が多量に蒸気で運ばれない様に蒸気の速度を十分低く抑えるための十分な断面積を持つオープンコアを囲むのが好ましく、及び(v)中間部分よりも小さい直径の、おおよそ同心に位置し、おおよそ円筒状のケーシング(boot)であり、該ケーシングは下部キャップ部分と連通し、更にその下部末端に急冷オイル用の取入口及び液体の出口を含み;(d)蒸気/液体分離装置の液体排出口を通して液体相を除去するステップ;(e)熱分解炉の放射部分で蒸気相を熱分解しオレフィンを含む流出物を作り出し、熱分解炉は放射部分と対流部分を含み;及び、(f)流出物を急冷し、及び分解された製品をそこから回収することを含む。
(i) ドラムに入る蒸気/液体の速度を制限する
(ii) 十分なドラムの直径を設ける
の中の少なくとも一つから選択される。
するために加えられる液体溶剤の取入口233を含むこともある。ケーシングは対渦用の地下格子239を含むこともある。蒸気相は、好ましくは、図1の下部対流部分7に流れ、交差パイプ18を通して熱分解炉の放射部分に流れるのが良い。
Claims (27)
- 残留油を含む炭化水素原料を熱分解する熱分解装置であって:
(i) 加熱された炭化水素原料を供給するための前記炭化水素原料を加熱する加熱ゾーン;
(ii) 加熱された2相に層状化したオープンチャネルフロー混合流を提供するために一次希釈スチーム流を加熱された前記炭化水素原料と混合する混合ゾーン;
(iii) 前記混合流を処理する蒸気/液体分離装置であって、以下の(a)〜(e)を含む:
(a) 上部キャップ部分、円形状の壁を含む中間部分、及び下部キャップ部分を持つおおよそ円筒状の垂直ドラム;
(b) 前記上部のキャップ部分に取付けられた頭部蒸気排出口;
(c) 前記フローを前記壁に沿って導入するために前記中間部分の円形状の壁に設けられたおおよそ接線方向に位置する少なくとも一つの取入口;
(d) 前記中間部分に位置する環状構造であり、前記環状構造は(i)円形状の壁から延びる環状の天井部分、及び(ii)前記天井部分は内部の垂直側面壁に延び、前記側面壁は前記円形状の壁とおおよそ同心であるが、円形状の壁から離れており、前記環状構造は、前記天井部分を越えて円形状の壁に沿って前記蒸気/液体混合物が上方に通ることをブロックし、及び前記環状構造は、蒸気を頭部蒸気排出口へ通すようにオープンコアを囲み、及び
(e) おおよそ同心に位置し、前記中間部分より小さい直径のおおよそ円筒状のケーシング(boot)であり、前記下部キャップ部分と連通し、及びその下部末端に液体の排出口を持つ前記ケーシング
(iv) 対流部分及びオレフィンを含む流出物を作るために頭部の蒸気排出口からの蒸気相を熱分解するための放射部分を含む熱分解炉;
(v) 流出物を急冷する手段;及び
(vi) 急冷された流出物から熱分解された製品を回収するための回収列
の(i)〜(vi)を含む前記熱分解装置であって、
ここで、少なくとも一つの調節板が、前記ドラム蒸気/液体分離装置の前記中間部分の下部に位置しており、前記調節板は前記ドラムの中心から円形状の壁に向かって下方に傾斜している表面を有し、且つ液体を円形状の壁に沿って又はその近傍で前記下部キャップ部分に方向付けるためのギャップを、前記調節板と前記円形状の壁の間に提供する調節板であり、そして前記ケーシングが冷却オイルの取入口を有する、前記熱分解装置。 - 更に前記混合ゾーンからの流出物を加熱するための別の加熱ゾーンを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記装置であって、前記蒸気排出口が前記ドラムの前記上部キャップ部分の上方及び下方に延びるパイプを含み、前記ドラムの上部キャップ部分の下方に延びる前記パイプ部分から円周方向下方向及び外方向にスカートが延びている請求項1または2に記載の装置。
- 前記装置であり、接線方向に位置する取入口は前記円形状の壁を通り、前記環状構造に開いている請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 更に、接線方向に位置する第一の取入口のおおよそ反対側で接線方向に位置する更に一つの取入口を含む請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記接線方向に位置する取入口が前記円形状の壁の内側と同一平面にある請求項5又は6に記載の装置。
- 前記接線方向に位置する取入口が、前記ドラムに働くコリオリス力(Coriolis force)と同じ方向のフローを作るように方向付けられる請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 耐磨耗板が前記環状構造の近くの円形状の壁に取付けられている請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記調節板に穴が開けられている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記調節板の穴を開けられている範囲が、穴を開けられていない対応する調節板に比べてその表面の1%から20%である請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記調節板がおおよそ円錐形である、請求項9又は10に記載の装置。
- 前記調節板が、前記装置の運転中に液体がその上に溜まることのない様に傾斜を持つ請求項2又は9又は10のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 更に前記ケーシングがリサイクル急冷オイルのための取入口を含む請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 更に前記ケーシングにおいて、通常運転で維持される液体レベルの位置にリサイクル急冷オイルのためのリング分配器を持つ請求項13に記載の装置。
- リサイクル急冷オイルのための前記リング分配器が下方に向けて開いた口を含む請求項14に記載の装置。
- 更に前記ケーシングが、その羽根の縦方向の端がケーシングの内部の壁におおよそ垂直になっている羽根の形状を持つ対旋回用調節板を含む請求項1乃至15のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 更に前記ケーシングが、前記液体の排出口の上方及び排出口に近接している少なくとも一つの格子を含む請求項1乃至16のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 更に前記ケーシングが前記液体の排出口の上方に側面排出口を含む請求項1乃至17のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 更に前記ケーシングが溶剤を導入するための側面取入口を含む請求項1乃至18のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 残留油を含む炭化水素原料を熱分解するプロセスであって:
(a) 前記炭化水素原料を加熱し;
(b) 加熱された2相に層状化したオープンチャネルフロー混合流を形成するために、加熱された炭化水素原料を一次希釈スチーム流と混合し;
(c) 前記混流を請求項1乃至19のいずれか1項に記載の装置に向け方向付け;
(d) 蒸気/液体分離装置の前記液体排出口を通して液体相を除去し;
(e) オレフィンを含む流出物を作るために熱分解炉の放射部分において蒸気相を熱分解し、前記熱分解炉は放射部分と対流部分を含み;及び
(f) 流出物を急冷し、そこから熱分解された製品を回収する
ことを含む前記プロセス。 - 請求項20に記載のプロセスであって、残留油を含む炭化水素原料は一以上のスチーム熱分解軽油(steam cracked gas oil)及び残留物(residues)、軽油(gas oils)、暖房油(heating oil)、ジェット燃料(jet fuel)、ジーゼル油(diesel)、灯油(kerosene)、ガソリン(gasoline)、コーカーナフサ(coker naphtha)、スチーム分解ナフサ(steam cracked naphtha)、触媒分解ナフサ(catalytically cracked naphtha),水素分解物(hydrocrackate)、改質物(reformate), 精製改質物(raffinate reformate)、Fischer-Tropsch液、Fischer-Tropschガス、天然ガソリン(natural gasoline)、蒸留物(distillate)、バージンナフサ(virgin naphtha)、常圧パイプ蒸留器残さ油(atmospheric pipestill bottoms)、残さ油を含む減圧パイプ蒸留器流(vacuum pipestill streams including bottoms)、軽油コンデンセートまでの広沸点範囲のナフサ(wide boiling range naphtha to gas oil condensate)、製油所からの重質非バージン炭化水素流(heavy non-virgin hydrocarbon streams)、減圧軽油(vacuum gas oil)、重質軽油(heavy gas oil)、原油の混入したナフサ(naphtha contaminated with crude)、常圧残留物(atmospheric residue)、重質残留物(heavy residue)、C4/残留物混合物(C4/residue admixture)、ナフサ/残留物混合物(naphtha/residue admixture)、炭化水素ガス/残留物混合物(hydrocarbon gases/residue admixture)、水素/残留物混合物(hydrogen/ residue admixture)、軽油/残留物混合物(gas oil/residue admixture)、及び原油(crude oil)
を含む前記プロセス。 - 更に、請求項20の(c)のステップより前に前記混合流を加熱することを含む請求項20に記載のプロセス。
- 更に、前記ドラムの回りの回転の約3分の1を超えない様に前記蒸気/液体混合物の液体の旋回をコントロールする手段を含む請求項20に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体の旋回が(i)ドラムに入る蒸気/液体の速度を制限し、及び/又は(ii)ドラムに十分な直径を与えること、によりコントロールされる請求項23に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ケーシングが、運転中にケーシングで維持されている通常の液体のレベルより下方に位置している溶剤取入れのための側面取入口を持つ請求項20に記載のプロセス
- 前記オープンコアが、液体が多量に引き込まれることを防ぐために、蒸気の最大速度の約3分の1を超えない蒸気速度となる様に、十分な断面積を持つ請求項20乃至25のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記オープンコアが、蒸気の速度が60cm/秒(2ft/秒)を超えない様に、十分な断面積を持つ請求項26に記載のプロセス。
Applications Claiming Priority (31)
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US57347404P | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | |
US10/851,878 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,878 US7235705B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Process for reducing vapor condensation in flash/separation apparatus overhead during steam cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks |
US10/851,500 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,495 US7351872B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Process and draft control system for use in cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock in a pyrolysis furnace |
US10/851,494 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,495 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,546 US7488459B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Apparatus and process for controlling temperature of heated feed directed to a flash drum whose overhead provides feed for cracking |
US10/851,487 US7244871B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Process and apparatus for removing coke formed during steam cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing resids |
US10/851,487 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,434 US7311746B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Vapor/liquid separation apparatus for use in cracking hydrocarbon feedstock containing resid |
US10/851,730 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,494 US7247765B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Cracking hydrocarbon feedstock containing resid utilizing partial condensation of vapor phase from vapor/liquid separation to mitigate fouling in a flash/separation vessel |
US10/851,730 US7312371B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Steam cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing non-volatile components and/or coke precursors |
US10/851,546 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US60/573,474 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,486 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,486 US7220887B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Process and apparatus for cracking hydrocarbon feedstock containing resid |
US10/851,434 | 2004-05-21 | ||
US10/851,500 US7297833B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Steam cracking of light hydrocarbon feedstocks containing non-volatile components and/or coke precursors |
US10/891,795 | 2004-07-14 | ||
US10/891,795 US7358413B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2004-07-14 | Process for reducing fouling from flash/separation apparatus during cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks |
US10/891,981 | 2004-07-14 | ||
US10/891,981 US7408093B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2004-07-14 | Process for reducing fouling from flash/separation apparatus during cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks |
US10/893,716 US7285697B2 (en) | 2004-07-16 | 2004-07-16 | Reduction of total sulfur in crude and condensate cracking |
US10/893,716 | 2004-07-16 | ||
US10/975,703 US7402237B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2004-10-28 | Steam cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing salt and/or particulate matter |
US10/975,703 | 2004-10-28 | ||
US11/009,661 | 2004-12-10 | ||
US11/009,661 US7481871B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2004-12-10 | Vapor/liquid separation apparatus |
PCT/US2005/017544 WO2005113715A2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-19 | Vapor/liquid separation apparatus for use in cracking hydrocarbon feedstock containing resid |
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JP2008500444A JP2008500444A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
JP5027660B2 true JP5027660B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
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JP2007527435A Expired - Fee Related JP5027660B2 (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-19 | 残留油を含む炭化水素原料の熱分解に用いられる蒸気/液体分離装置 |
JP2007527465A Expired - Fee Related JP4455650B2 (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-19 | 残留油を含む炭化水素原料のスチーム熱分解の間に形成されるコークスを除去するプロセス及び装置 |
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EP (9) | EP1765958B1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP4441571B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100813895B1 (ja) |
AT (3) | ATE428764T1 (ja) |
CA (9) | CA2567124C (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2325213T3 (ja) |
WO (12) | WO2005113713A2 (ja) |
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