JP5015768B2 - 心臓血管の反射制御のための刺激レジメン - Google Patents
心臓血管の反射制御のための刺激レジメン Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
- A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
- A61N1/36114—Cardiac control, e.g. by vagal stimulation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/0551—Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
- A61N1/3627—Heart stimulators for treating a mechanical deficiency of the heart, e.g. congestive heart failure or cardiomyopathy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/0551—Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
- A61N1/0558—Anchoring or fixation means therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36007—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of urogenital or gastrointestinal organs, e.g. for incontinence control
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
- A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
- A61N1/36114—Cardiac control, e.g. by vagal stimulation
- A61N1/36117—Cardiac control, e.g. by vagal stimulation for treating hypertension
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
- A61N1/365—Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential
- A61N1/36514—Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure
Description
・2001年9月26日に出願された「Stimulus Regimens for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第09/964,079号(Robert S.Kievalら)(この特許出願は、2000年9月27日に出願された「Devices and Methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第09/671,850号(Robert S.Kievalら)の一部継続出願であり、その特許出願は、現在、米国特許第6,522,926号として2003年2月18日に発行されている);
・2001年9月26日に出願された「Electrode Designs and Methods of Use for Cardiovascular Reflex Control Devices」と題する米国特許出願第09/963,777号(Robert S.Kievalら)(この特許出願は、2000年9月27日に出願された「Devices and Methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第09/671,850号(Robert S.Kievalら)の一部継続出願であり、その特許出願は、現在、米国特許第6,522,926号として2003年2月18日に発行されている);および
・2001年9月26日に出願された「Mapping methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第09/963,991号(Robert S.Kievalら)(この特許出願は、2000年9月27日に出願された「Devices and Methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第09/671,850号(Robert S.Kievalら)の一部継続出願であり、その特許出願は、現在、米国特許第6,522,926号として2003年2月18日に発行されている)。
・2003年3月27日に出願された「Electrode Structures and Methods for Their Use in Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第10/402,911号(Stephen L.Boleaら)(この特許出願は、(a)2002年3月27日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/368,222号(Robert S.Kievalら)の利益を主張するものであり、また、(b)2001年9月26日に出願された米国特許出願第09/963,777号(Robert S.Kievalら)の一部継続出願でもあり、更に、その特許出願は、2000年9月27日に出願された「Devices and Methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第09/671,850号(Robert S.Kievalら)の一部継続出願であり、その特許出願は、現在、米国特許第6,522,926号として2003年2月18日に発行されている);
・2003年3月27日に出願された「Devices And Methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control Via Coupled Electrodes」と題する米国特許出願第10/402,393号(Robert S.Kievalら)(この特許出願は、(a)2002年3月27日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/368,222号(Robert S.Kievalら)の利益を主張するものであり、また、(b)2001年9月26日に出願された米国特許出願第09/963,777号(Robert S.Kievalら)の一部継続出願でもあり、更に、その特許出願は、2000年9月27日に出願された「Devices and Methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第09/671,850号(Robert S.Kievalら)の一部継続出願であり、その特許出願は、現在、米国特許第6,522,926号として2003年2月18日に発行されている);および
・2002年10月29日に出願された「Devices and Methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第10/284,063号(Robert S.Kievalら)(この特許出願は、2000年9月27日に出願された「Devices and Methods for Cardiovascular Reflex Control」と題する米国特許出願第09/671,850号の一部継続出願であり、その特許出願は、現在、米国特許第6,522,926号として2003年2月18日に発行されている)。
本発明は、一般的には、心臓血管障害、神経障害および腎臓障害の治療及び/又は管理において使用するための医療装置および方法に関し、より詳細には、心臓血管障害、神経障害および腎臓障害、ならびにそれらの根底に存在する原因および状態を治療及び/又は管理するために圧反射系を制御するための装置および方法に関する。
本発明は、圧反射活性化装置へ適切な制御信号を供給することにより圧反射を活性化するための技術を提供する。この文脈において、「圧反射活性化装置」という用語は、圧受容器及び/又はその圧受容器から脳へ信号を運ぶ神経線維に、もしくはそれらの近傍に配置され、そのような制御信号が供給されたときに、圧反射系を活性化すべく圧受容器及び/又は圧受容器から延びる神経線維を活性化する装置を意味する。
以下の詳細な説明は添付図面を参照しながら読み進めるべきであり、これらの添付図面では、異なる図面における同様な要素に同じ番号が付けられている。これらの図面(必ずしも正確な縮尺ではない)は例証的な実施形態を描いており、本発明の範囲を制限することを意図したものではない。また、これらの図面は特定の実施形態を説明するものであり、その実施形態では一つまたはそれ以上の圧反射活性化装置が圧受容器付近に配置されているが、本発明は、圧受容器から脳へ信号を運ぶ神経線維付近に配置された圧反射活性化装置にも適用可能である。
本発明の一層良好な理解を得るためには、心臓血管系に関わる幾つかの基本的な血管の解剖学について説明することが有用であろう。図1は人体10の胸部および頭部領域の概略図であり、心臓血管系の主要な動脈および静脈を示している。心臓12の左室が、酸素を豊富に含んだ血液を大動脈弓15にポンプ輸送する。右鎖骨下動脈17、右総頸動脈20、左総頸動脈22および左鎖骨下動脈25が、下行胸部大動脈27の近位側の大動脈弓15から枝分かれしている。比較的短いが、腕頭動脈30と呼ばれる別個の血管セグメントが右鎖骨下動脈17および右総頸動脈20を大動脈弓15につないでいる。右頸動脈20は右頸動脈洞35において二分岐し、右外頸動脈32および右内頸動脈33に分かれている。単に明瞭化することのみを目的としているために図示されていないが、左頸動脈22も、同様に、左頸動脈洞において二分岐し、左外頸動脈および左内頸動脈に分かれている。
高血圧、心不全、他の心臓血管障害および腎臓障害に関するこれらの問題の解決を図るため、本発明は、過剰な血圧、自律神経系活性および神経ホルモン活性を低減させるべく圧反射系50を活性化する技術を提供する。詳細には、本発明は、圧受容器40及び/又はこれらの圧受容器から信号を脳へ運ぶ神経線維を活性化することができ、これにより、血圧の増大を示し、身体の血圧、ならびに交感神経系および神経ホルモンの活性化レベルを低減し、且つ、副交感神経系の活性化を高めるように脳55に信号を発し、従って、心臓血管系および他の身体組織に有益な影響をもたらす数多くの技術を提供する。
圧反射活性化装置75は、圧受容器40及び/又はそれらの圧受容器から脳へ信号を運ぶ神経線維を活性化するための機械的な手段、電気的な手段、熱的な手段、化学的な手段、生物学的な手段または他の手段を利用する広範囲の様々な装置を含むことができる。従って、制御システム72が圧反射活性化装置75を調節する(例えば活性化する)ための制御信号を発生するとき、この制御信号は、圧受容器40及び/又はその圧受容器から脳へ信号を運ぶ神経線維から信号を誘起し、この信号により脳55は明らかな過剰血圧であることを感知し、圧反射系が血圧を下げるべく作動する。
センサー80は場合によって使用されるコンポーネントであり、本発明の実施形態はこのようなセンサー無しでも機能するが、このセンサーは一つの有用な特徴であり、幾つかの代表的なタイプについて検討を加える。センサー80は、圧反射系の活性を調節する必要性の指標であるパラメーターを測定または監視するあらゆる適切な装置を含んでよい。例えば、センサー80は、ECG、血圧(収縮期血圧、拡張期血圧、平均血圧または脈圧)、血液の体積流量、血液の流速、血液のpH、酸素または二酸化炭素含有量、混合静脈血酸素飽和度(SVO2)、血管活性、神経活性、組織活性、または組織もしくは血液の組成を測定する生理学的な変換器またはゲージを含んでよい。センサー80用の適切な変換器またはゲージの例は、ECG電極、圧電型圧力変換器、超音波式流速変換器、超音波式体積流量変換器、熱希釈式流速変換器、静電容量式圧力変換器、膜pH電極、光学式検出器(SVO2)またはひずみゲージを含む。一つのセンサー80のみが図示されているが、同一の場所または異なる場所に同じタイプまたは異なるタイプの多数のセンサー80を用いてもよい。
記憶装置87は、センサー信号、制御信号、及び/又は入力装置95により提供される値および命令に関係したデータを含んでよい。また、記憶装置87は、一つもしくはそれ以上の機能または制御信号とセンサー信号との間の関係を定める一つまたはそれ以上のアルゴリズムを含んだソフトウェアも含むことができる。このアルゴリズムは、センサー信号またはセンサー信号からもたらされる数学的な導出結果に依存して、活動化制御信号または非活動化制御信号を指令することができる。このアルゴリズムは、センサー信号が予め定められた下限閾値より下に下がったとき、予め定められた上限閾値より上に上昇したとき、またはセンサー信号が特定の生理学的事象を指示したときに、活動化制御信号または非活動化制御信号を指令することができる。このアルゴリズムは、センサー入力値により決定された通りにその閾値を動的に変えることができる。
制御システム72により管理される刺激治療方式は、長期間にわたる効能を促進すべく選択されてよい。圧受容器40及び/又はその圧受容器から脳へ信号を運ぶ神経線維の不断の活性化または別な具合の不変の活性化は、圧受容器及び/又は圧反射系が時間とともに応答性が低下し、これにより、この治療法の長期的な有効性が減少する結果をもたらし得る。従って、本刺激治療方式は、恐らく、治療学的効能が数ヶ月間にわたって、好適には数年間にわたって維持されるような仕方で、圧反射活性化装置75を活動化し、非活動化し、または別な具合に調節することができるように選択される。
圧反射の活性化は電気的な制御信号を圧反射活性化装置に加えることにより果たされ、圧反射活性化装置は、この活性化装置の近傍に存在する一つもしくはそれ以上の圧受容器及び/又はそれらの圧受容器から脳へ信号を運ぶ神経線維に、多くの異なる種類のうちの一つもしくはそれ以上の刺激を加えることができる。例えば、圧受容器及び/又はその圧受容器から脳へ信号を運ぶ神経線維を、望ましい圧受容器信号を誘起すべく、機械的に、電気的に、磁気的に、熱的に、光学的に、化学的にまたは生物学的に刺激することができる。
結論として、本発明は圧反射活性化用制御信号のタイミング調節において高度の柔軟性をもたらすことが分かる。上述の説明は本発明の特定の実施形態に関する完璧な説明であるが、上述の説明を、特許請求の範囲により定められる通りの本発明の範囲を限定するものとして解釈すべきではない。
Claims (19)
- 圧反射活性化システムであって、該システムが:
圧反射活性化装置;
制御システムであって、該制御システムが、血管壁内の1つ以上の圧受容器の近傍にある血管の上または中に配置されるように構成された電極を有し、該制御システムが、
治療インターバルを確立することであって、該治療インターバルは、一連の投与インターバルの初めから該一連の投与インターバルの終わりまでのインターバルである、ことと、
該治療インターバル内において、複数の投与インターバルを確立することと、
時間依存性を有する電気的出力信号を発生することであって、第一部分が、第一の複数の投与インターバルにわたる第一治療部分平均電力と呼ぶ平均電力により特徴付けられ、第二部分が、第二の複数の投与インターバルにわたる第二治療部分平均電力と呼ぶ平均電力により特徴付けられ、該第一治療部分平均電力が該第二治療部分平均電力とは異なっている、ことと
を実行するように構成された制御システム;および
該圧反射活性化装置に該電気信号を適用する相互接続機構;
を含む、圧反射活性化システム。 - 前記制御システムが、前記圧反射活性化装置へ加えられる電力の前記時間依存性をもたらすべく選択された一つ以上のパルス特性を有する電気パルスを発生し、該パルス特性が、パルス振幅、パルス幅、パルス周波数、パルス間隔、パルス波形、パルス極性およびパルス位相のうちの一つ以上を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記治療インターバルが数分から数時間までのオーダーである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記治療インターバルが無制限である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記投与インターバルが、心周期よりも長い時間インターバルにより特徴付けられる生理学的な応答との相関性を有する信号によりトリガーされる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記生理学的応答が呼吸である、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 少なくとも一つの投与インターバルの第一部分が第一投与部分平均電力における変動により特徴付けられ、ここで、該投与インターバルの該第一部分の中央付近における該第一投与部分平均電力が、該投与インターバルの該第一部分の初めおよび終わり付近における該第一投与部分平均電力よりも大きく、第一投与部分平均電力における変動が、該投与インターバルの該第一部分の初め付近における総体的に線形の右上がりの傾斜領域、該投与インターバルの該第一部分の中央付近における総体的に平坦な領域、および該投与インターバルの該第一部分の終わり付近における総体的に線形の右下がりの傾斜領域により特徴付けられる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記治療インターバルが複数の投与インターバルにわたる平均電力の変動により特徴付けられ、ここで、該平均電力が該治療インターバルの初め付近における投与インターバルの間で上昇している、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第二治療部分平均電力がゼロである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記治療インターバルが複数の投与インターバルにわたる平均電力の変動により特徴付けられ、治療インターバルの平均電力における変動が、該治療インターバルの初め付近における第一組の投与インターバルにわたる総体的に線形の右上がりの傾斜領域と、それに続く、第二組の投与インターバルにわたる総体的に平坦な領域および第三組の投与インターバルにわたる総体的に線形の右下がりの傾斜領域により特徴付けられる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記治療インターバルの前記第一部分の中央付近における投与インターバルでの平均電力が、該治療インターバルの該第一部分の初めおよび終わり付近における投与インターバルでの平均電力よりも大きい、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記制御システムが、付加的な治療インターバルを確立し、該付加的な治療インターバルのそれぞれが第一の複数の投与インターバルにわたる第一治療部分平均電力により特徴付けられる第一部分および第二の複数の投与インターバルにわたる第二治療部分平均電力により特徴付けられる第二部分を有しており、該第一治療部分平均電力が該第二治療部分平均電力とは異なっている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 少なくとも幾つかの治療インターバルが他の治療インターバルよりも長い、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 各治療インターバルが数分から数時間までのオーダーである、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記圧反射活性化装置に加えられる前記平均電力が、前記治療インターバルの前記第一部分におけるそれぞれの初め付近での上昇斜面および該治療インターバルの該第一部分におけるそれぞれの終わり付近での下降斜面により特徴付けられる時間依存性を有している、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 少なくとも二つの連続した治療インターバルが等しい長さであり、それぞれ、等しい長さの第一部分を有している、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 第一組の電気パルスが複数の圧反射活性化装置のうちの第一の装置に加えられ、第二組の電気パルスが該複数の圧反射活性化装置のうちの第二の装置に加えられ、ここで、前記制御システムが、付加的な治療インターバルを確立し、前記第一組および第二組の電気パルスが個々の治療インターバルレベル、投与インターバルレベルまたは個々においてインターリーブされる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 投与インターバルが複数のバーストインターバルによって定義される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- バーストインターバルが秒単位のオーダーである、請求項18に記載のシステム。
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PCT/US2005/011501 WO2005097256A2 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2005-04-04 | Stimulus regimens for cardiovascular reflex control |
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US20070191904A1 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-16 | Imad Libbus | Expandable stimulation electrode with integrated pressure sensor and methods related thereto |
US8150521B2 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2012-04-03 | Cvrx, Inc. | Methods and devices for controlling battery life in an implantable pulse generator |
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2004
- 2004-04-05 US US10/818,738 patent/US7623926B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2005
- 2005-04-04 WO PCT/US2005/011501 patent/WO2005097256A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2005-04-04 JP JP2007507435A patent/JP5015768B2/ja active Active
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2006
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- 2007-04-13 US US11/735,303 patent/US8606359B2/en active Active
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2012
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EP1740264A4 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
US20070049989A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
US20120290037A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
WO2005097256A2 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
JP2007531609A (ja) | 2007-11-08 |
US7801614B2 (en) | 2010-09-21 |
EP1740264A2 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
US8606359B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
US20070185543A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
US20040254616A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
WO2005097256A3 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
US7623926B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 |
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