JP5009621B2 - チオール開裂し得るマイトマイシンコンジュゲート - Google Patents
チオール開裂し得るマイトマイシンコンジュゲート Download PDFInfo
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- JP5009621B2 JP5009621B2 JP2006532557A JP2006532557A JP5009621B2 JP 5009621 B2 JP5009621 B2 JP 5009621B2 JP 2006532557 A JP2006532557 A JP 2006532557A JP 2006532557 A JP2006532557 A JP 2006532557A JP 5009621 B2 JP5009621 B2 JP 5009621B2
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- Prior art keywords
- mitomycin
- lipid
- liposomes
- drug
- conjugate
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Description
HARRISON’S PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE、Wilson他編集、第12版、パート11、1592頁、1991 Endicott,J.およびLing,V.、Annu.Rev.Biochem.、58:137−171、(1989) Gottesman,M.M.、Cancer Research、53:747−754(1993) Gottesman,M.他、Current Opinion in Genetics and Development、6:610−617(1996) Endicott,J.およびLing,V.、Annu.Rev.Biochem.、58:137−171、(1989) Maeda H.他、J.Controlled Release、65(1−2):271(2000)
従って、本発明の目的は、遊離形態の薬剤に比べて毒性が低くかつ多剤耐性細胞が取り込み得るマイトマイシンCリポソーム製剤を提供することにある。即ち、マイトマイシンCはこれを遊離形態で投与すると多剤耐性細胞の中に蓄積されないが、それを本明細書に記述するリポソーム製剤の中に取り込ませたプロドラッグコンジュゲートの形態で投与すると、それは前記細胞の中に蓄積し得る。
で表されるコンジュゲートで構成させたリポソーム組成物の形態で供給することを含んで成る。
で表されるコンジュゲートを生じさせるが、このコンジュゲートでは、マイトマイシンCのアジリジン部分の中の第二級アミンが前記ジチオベンジルとマイトマイシンCの間のウレタン結合を形成している。
で表されるコンジュゲートで構成させたリポソーム組成物の形態で投与することを含んで成る。
(発明の詳細な説明)
I. 定義
語句「リポソーム脂質二重層の中に取り込ませるに適した疎水性部分」は、リポソーム脂質二重層の疎水性二重層領域と一体化し得る疎水性部分を含んで成る材料のいずれかを意味する。そのような疎水性部分は典型的に脂質であり、それには、疎水性脂質尾部と親水性極性頭部を有する両親媒性脂質、例えば燐脂質およびジアシルグリセロールなどが含まれる。また、トリグリセリド、ステロール、燐脂質、ジアシルグリセロール、ステロールおよびトリグリセリドの誘導体、そして天然源に由来するか或は合成的に作られた他の脂質も考えられる。
II.コンジュゲート組成物および製造方法
本発明は、1つの面において、形態:
で表されるコンジュゲートを包含する。前記疎水性部分Lは典型的に脂質、例えばジアシルグリセロール、ステロール、燐脂質、このような脂質の誘導体、天然に存在する他の脂質およびそれらの合成類似物などである。
で表されるコンジュゲートを生じさせることができる。
III. コンジュゲート含有リポソームの調製
本発明の方法では、小胞形成性脂質とマイトマイシンCプロドラッグコンジュゲートで構成させたリポソーム組成物の形態でマイトマイシンCプロドラッグコンジュゲートを提供する。リポソームは多様な治療目的で用いられる密封型脂質小胞であり、特に、リポソームを全身投与することによって治療薬を標的領域または細胞に運ばせる。特に、親水性重合体鎖、例えばポリエチレングリコール(PEG)などの表面被膜を有するリポソームが薬剤担体として望ましい、と言うのは、そのようなリポソームが示す血液循環寿命の方が重合体被膜を持たないリポソームが示すそれよりも長いからである。そのような重合体は血中蛋白質に対するバリヤーとして働くことで前記蛋白質と当該リポソームの結合を防止しかつ当該リポソームがマクロファージおよび他の細網内皮系細胞によって認識されて吸収および除去されるのを妨害するからである。
IV. コンジュゲート含有リポソームのインビトロ特徴付け
A. インビトロ薬剤放出
実施例4A−4Bに記述するようにしてリポソームを調製して、それらを還元剤と接触させた後にマイトマイシンCが放出される速度をインビトロで測定することで、それらの特徴付けを行った。インビトロ研究では、試験媒体にシステインを典型的には約150μMの濃度で添加することで還元条件を誘発した。インビボの内因性還元条件は脂質−DTB−薬剤コンジュゲートがチオール開裂分解を起こして当該薬剤が放出されるに充分であり得ることは理解されるであろう。更に、適切な還元剤、例えばシステインまたはグルタチオンなどを投与することでインビボの還元条件を人工的に誘発することも可能であると考えている。
B. インビトロ細胞毒性
脂質−DTB−マイトマイシンCコンジュゲート(化合物XVIII)を含有させたリポソームがインビトロで示す細胞毒性の評価をM−109細胞、即ちマウス肺癌株を用いて実施した。実施例6に記述するように、M109細胞を遊離マイトマイシンCの存在下またはジステアロイル−DTB−マイトマイシンCコンジュゲート含有リポソームの存在下でインキュベートした。実施例6Aに示すモル比を用いて実施例4A−4Bに記述するようにして調製したリポソームに試験を受けさせた。そのようなコンジュゲートのチオール開裂分解およびマイトマイシンCの放出を起こさせる目的で試験細胞のいくつかにシステインを150μM、500μMおよび1000μMの濃度で添加した。
C. インビボ薬物速度
ラットを用いてコレステロール含有リポソームおよびコレステロール無しリポソーム製剤がインビボで示す薬物速度を測定した。実施例7に記述するようにして、動物にマイトマイシンCを遊離形態でか或は本発明に従う脂質−DTB−マイトマイシンCコンジュゲート形態でリポソームの中に取り込ませた形態で約0.1mg/mLの量で1回ボーラス静脈注入することで前記動物を処置した。注入後に血液サンプルを採取してマイトマイシンCの量を分析した。その結果を図13A−13Bに示す。
材料
あらゆる材料を商業的に適切な製造供給元、例えばAldrich Corporationなどから入手した。
[実施例1]
A. パラ−ジアシルジグリセロールジチオベンズアルコール
この反応を図1に示す。化合物IIおよびIIIの調製ではSnyder,W.R.、Journal of Lipid Research、28:949(1987)の手順に従った。
収量:630mg、63%。1HNMR(CD3OD、360MHz)δ 2.77、2.95(2xd、CH2OH、2H)、3.59(M、SCH2、2H)、3.87(m、CH、1H)ppm。
分析 理論値 測定値
炭素 70.93% 70.67%
水素 10.50% 10.41%
硫黄 8.25% 8.31%
B. オルソジグリセロールジチオベンズアルコール
rac−3,3’−ジチオビス(1,2−プロパンジステアロイル)(化合物III)(200mg、0.156ミリモル)の溶体をトルエン(30mL)に溶解させた後、氷浴の中に置いた。塩化スルフリル(39μl、0.47ミリモル)をピペットでフラスコの中に入れた後、その混合物を冷氷浴温度で30分間撹拌した。次に、前記フラスコを室温に置いて更に30分間撹拌した。ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて余分な塩化スルフリルを除去した。この反応フラスコに新しい分量(20mL)のトルエンを加えた後、氷浴の上に置いた。これに、2−メルカプトベンズアルコール(48mg、35ミリモル)をトルエンに入れることで生じさせた溶液をゆっくりした速度で加えた。5時間の反応時間後、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒全部を蒸発させて乾固させた。前記反応フラスコに温かい酢酸エチル(10mL)を加えることで固体を溶解させた後、不溶物を濾過で除去した。その酢酸エチル溶液にエーテルを50mL加えることで沈澱を起こさせた後、固体状生成物(オルソ−ジアシル−ジグリセロール−ジチオベンザルアルコール)を濾過で集めた。この過程を2回繰り返した。その固体をP2O5の上に置いて真空下で乾燥させた。収率:75%、190mg。1HNMR:(CDCl3、360MHz)δ 0.86(t、CH3、6H)、1.25(s、脂質、56H)、1.58(m、CH2CH2(CO)O、4H)、2.28(2xt、CH2(CO)O、4H)、2.91(d、CH2S、2H)、4.14および4.35(2xd、脂質のCH2CH、2H)、4.86(s、CH2、bz、2H)、5.26(m、脂質のCHCH2)、7.31(m、芳香族、2H)、7.48および7.75(d、芳香族、2H)ppm。
[実施例2]
この反応を図3Aに示す。
[実施例4]
A. コレステロール含有リポソーム
1. リポソーム調製
1mLの乾燥エタノールに60−65℃でHSPCを59mg、コレステロールを14.4mg、mPEG−DSPEを17.4mgおよびパラ−ジステアロイル−DTB−マイトマイシンCを7.4mg(60/30/5/5のモル比)加えた後、溶解するまで、ほぼ10分間混合した。
2. 押出し
前記リポソームをテフロンが内張りされているステンレス鋼製容器の中に入っているポリカーボネート製フィルターカートリッジに通して制御した様式で押出すことで大きさを所望の平均粒径に合わせた。この押出し工程全体、即ち6−8時間に渡って、そのリポソーム懸濁液を63−65℃に保持した。
3. 透析濾過(Diafiltration)
前記リポソーム懸濁液からエタノールを透析濾過で除去した。ヒスチジン(10mM)と塩化ナトリウム(150mM)を無菌水に溶解させることでヒスチジン/塩化ナトリウム溶液を調製した。この溶液のpHを約7に調整した。この溶液を0.22μmのDuraporeフィルターに通して濾過した。このリポソーム懸濁液を前記ヒスチジン/塩化ナトリウム溶液で約1:1(体積/体積)の比率に希釈した後、ポリスルホン製中空繊維限外濾過装置に通す透析濾過を行った。前記ヒスチジン/塩化ナトリウム溶液に対する体積交換を8回実施することでエタノールを除去した。この過程の流体温度を約20−30℃に保持した。全透析濾過時間は約4.5時間であった。
4. 無菌濾過
前記リポソーム懸濁液を33−38℃に加熱した後、0.2μmのGelman Suporポリエーテルスルホン製フィルターに通して濾過した。全濾過時間は約10分間であった。
HSPCとmPEG−DSPEとパラ−ジステアロイル−DTB−マイトマイシンCが90/5/5のモル比の脂質組成を用いてリポソームをこの上に記述したようにして調製した。具体的には、1mLのエタノールにHSPCを88.5mg、mPEG−DSPE(PEGのMWが2000ダルトン)を17.9mgおよび前記コンジュゲートを7.3mg溶解させた。各処理段階後にリポソームの大きさ、脂質および薬剤の濃度、そして外部の懸濁用媒体に入っている遊離マイトマイシンCの濃度を測定した。
実施例4A−4Bに記述したようにして調製したリポソームを0.6Mのオクタイルグルコピラノシドで希釈した。前記リポソームを150mMのシステインの存在下37℃でインキュベートした。サンプルを時間ゼロ、30分、1時間、2時間、4時間および24時間の時に取り出した。3.5x5cmのWater Symmetry C8カラムを用いたHPLCで20μLの体積を分析した。流量を1mL/分にしそして可動相の勾配を下記の如くにした:
出発 10%MEOH 90% 10mM NaPO4、pH=7
5分 25%MEOH 75% 10mM NaPO4、pH=7
10分 25%MEOH 75% 10mM NaPO4、pH=7
15分 100%MEOH −
25分 100%MEOH −
30分 10% 90% 10mM NaPO4、pH=7
35分 10%MEOH 90% 10mM NaPO4、pH=7
[実施例6]
A. リポソーム調製
実施例4A−4Bに記述した如く調製したリポソームはHSPC/mPEG−DSPE/ジステアロイル−DTB−マイトマイシンC(90/5/5)またはHSPC/コレステロール/mPEG−DSPE/ジステアロイル−DTB−マイトマイシンC(90/45/5/5)で構成されていた。これらのリポソーム製剤を0.45μmのセルロース膜に通して無菌濾過したが、押出しで大きさを小さくすることは行わなかった。リポソーム形成後、リポソームをイソプロパノールに10−20倍の希釈度で溶解させて360nmの所の吸光度を用いてマイトマイシンCの濃度を測定しかつ無機燐酸塩検定を用いて燐脂質濃度を測定した。
B. 化学療法剤感受性検定および増殖速度測定
遊離マイトマイシンCまたはリポソームの中に取り込ませたジステアロイル−DTB−マイトマイシンCコンジュゲートの形態のマイトマイシンCが示す細胞毒性効果を以前に記述されたメチレンブルー染色方法[Horowitz,A.T.他、Biochim.Biophys.Acta、1109:203−209(1992)]に若干の修飾を受けさせた方法を用いて比色分析で検定した。この検定が完了した時点で細胞を固定しそしてメチレンブルー染色検定を用いて評価した。
[実施例7]
A. リポソーム製剤
コレステロール含有リポソームおよびコレステロール無しリポソームを実施例5Aおよび5Bに記述した如く調製した。
B. 動物
8匹のラットを無作為に下記の如き処置群に分けた:
C. 血漿中のマイトマイシンCを測定するHPLC方法
1. 溶液調製
1Lの容量フラスコに脱イオン水を充填してこれに燐酸アンモニウムを1.321g入れることを通して、燐酸アンモニウム含有量が10mMの緩衝剤水溶液(pH=7)を調製した。前記混合物を撹拌しながらo−燐酸を用いてpHを7.0に調整した。この緩衝液を使用前に0.45μmのナイロン製フィルターに通して濾過した。
2. 標準溶液および品質制御サンプルの調製
2種類の個々別々の重量のマイトマイシンCおよびマイトマイシンCコンジュゲートを標準サンプルおよび品質制御サンプルとして調製した。マイトマイシンCおよびマイトマイシンCコンジュゲートを1mgづつ計り取って個別に1mLの希釈剤(クロロホルムが20%でメタノールが80%の混合物)に溶解させた。両方の化合物の原液の濃度を1mg/mLにした。標準サンプルおよび品質制御サンプルに関して5μg/mLから100μg/mLの濃度を得る目的で数種の希釈液を希釈状態で作成した。
3. サンプル調製
900μLのメタノールを用いて100μLの血漿サンプルを変性させた後、3,000rpmの遠心分離に10分間かけた。300μL分量の上澄み液を注入用インサートが300μL入っているHPLC用瓶に移した。
4. クロマトグラフィー条件
4.6mmx5cmのSupelco(商標)C−8(5μ)カラムを用いた。可動相Aを10mMの燐酸アンモニウム(pH7)にした。可動相Bをメタノールにした。流量を1mM/分にしそして360nmの紫外線で検出した。注入体積を40μLにしそして典型的な実行時間は15分間であった。勾配プログラムは下記の通りであった:
[実施例8]
スパソゲン(Spathogen)の無い特殊な施設の中に10週令のメスBALB/cマウスを維持した。M109細胞またはM109R細胞をインビトロ懸濁液の状態で増殖させた。50μL(106個の細胞)をマウスの右後足蹠に注入した。試験終了時まで足蹠の厚みをカリパスで測定し、試験が終了した時点でマウスを屠殺し、最終的な腫瘍数を記録し、そして対照および腫瘍を接種した足蹠を足関節の高さの所で切断して重量を測定した。正常な足蹠および腫瘍を有する足蹠の間の重量の差として腫瘍重量を推定した。1グループ当たりの最終的な腫瘍罹病率の差が統計学的に有意であるか否かを分割表およびフィッシャーの直接確率検定で分析した。その結果を図15A−15Bおよび図16A−16B、図18、図19A−19Cに示す。
Claims (5)
- マイトマイシンCがウレタン結合で共有結合している請求項1記載の組成物。
- Lがコレステロール、ジアシルグリセロールおよび燐脂質から成る群から選択される請求項1記載の組成物。
- R4の第二級アミン部分が前記ジチオベンジルとマイトマイシンCの間のウレタン結合を形成している請求項4記載の組成物。
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US46707003P | 2003-04-30 | 2003-04-30 | |
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US10/714,085 US7303760B2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2003-11-14 | Method for treating multi-drug resistant tumors |
US10/714,085 | 2003-11-14 | ||
PCT/US2004/013820 WO2004110497A2 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-04-29 | Mitomycin conjugates cleavable by thiols |
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EP (1) | EP1617873B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5009621B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060033711A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE541589T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004247004B2 (ja) |
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US7303760B2 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2007-12-04 | Alza Corporation | Method for treating multi-drug resistant tumors |
AU769425B2 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2004-01-29 | Alza Corporation | Conjugate having a cleavable linkage for use in a liposome |
US7238368B2 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2007-07-03 | Alza Corporation | Releasable linkage and compositions containing same |
FR2906533B1 (fr) | 2006-09-28 | 2013-02-22 | Pf Medicament | Procede de generation d'anticorps actifs contre un antigene de resistance,anticorps obtenus par ledit procede et leurs utilisations |
US9937261B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2018-04-10 | Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Combination therapy comprising a liposomal prodrug of mitomycin C and radiotherapy |
US20180071253A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2018-03-15 | Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Methods for the treatment of bladder cancer |
WO2018089481A1 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | Mallinckrodt Llc | Mitomycin c prodrug liposome formulations and uses thereof |
EP3908261A1 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2021-11-17 | Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Liposome composition comprising liposomal prodrug of mitomycin c and method of manufacture |
JPWO2022050369A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-10 |
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US4179337A (en) | 1973-07-20 | 1979-12-18 | Davis Frank F | Non-immunogenic polypeptides |
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JPH01113391A (ja) | 1987-10-24 | 1989-05-02 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd | マイトマイシン誘導体 |
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US4952394A (en) | 1987-11-23 | 1990-08-28 | Bristol-Myers Company | Drug-monoclonal antibody conjugates |
US5103556A (en) | 1988-05-05 | 1992-04-14 | Circon Corporation | Method of manufacturing an electrohydraulic probe |
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TW211015B (ja) | 1990-01-11 | 1993-08-11 | Nippon Shinyaku Co Ltd | |
PT706373E (pt) * | 1992-03-23 | 2000-11-30 | Univ Georgetown | Taxol encapsulado num liposoma e um metodo |
WO1994005259A1 (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1994-03-17 | Georgetown University | Method of encapsulating anthracycline glycosides in liposomes |
US5395619A (en) | 1993-03-03 | 1995-03-07 | Liposome Technology, Inc. | Lipid-polymer conjugates and liposomes |
JPH09268190A (ja) | 1996-04-02 | 1997-10-14 | Sagami Chem Res Center | マイトマイシンc誘導体及び非受容体型チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤 |
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JP2001503396A (ja) | 1996-10-11 | 2001-03-13 | アルザ コーポレイション | 治療用リポソーム組成物および方法 |
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AU769425B2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2004-01-29 | Alza Corporation | Conjugate having a cleavable linkage for use in a liposome |
US7112337B2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2006-09-26 | Alza Corporation | Liposome composition for delivery of nucleic acid |
US7303760B2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2007-12-04 | Alza Corporation | Method for treating multi-drug resistant tumors |
AU7868400A (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-23 | Alza Corporation | Neutral-cationic lipid for nucleic acid and drug delivery |
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JP2007502323A (ja) | 2007-02-08 |
AU2004247004A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
CA2524179A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
WO2004110497A2 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
EP1617873A2 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
CA2524179C (en) | 2012-06-19 |
EP1617873B1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
AU2004247004B2 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
ATE541589T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
KR20060033711A (ko) | 2006-04-19 |
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