JP4990781B2 - 二酸化窒素の分解方法 - Google Patents
二酸化窒素の分解方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
Deutz 34kWディーゼルエンジン及びCRT(商品名)、それに続く空気支援HC注入装置及び400セル/1平方インチ(cpsi(62セルcm−2))の、直径7.5インチ(19.05cm)x長さ3インチ(7.62cm)のセラミックモノリス基材上の金属被覆していないベータ−ゼオライトウォッシュコートからなるNO2分解触媒(クリーン−アップ触媒)を備えてなる排気機構を備えてなる固定装置を使用し、温度範囲全体にわたって達成できるNO2分解率を研究するための試験を行った。HC注入装置を空気ポンプに接続し、ディーゼル燃料注入供給及びスプレー配分を最適化した。エンジン速度は2900rpmに、CRT(商品名)触媒入口温度を355℃に、NO2分解触媒への入口温度を約25℃低く維持した。排ガス中のNO2濃度は、CRT(商品名)装置により30ppmから150ppmに増加した。CRT(商品名)触媒とNO2分解触媒との間の燃料注入速度を使用してC1HC:NO2比0.5に調節し、テールパイプNO2を15ppmに、すなわちエンジンから出るNO2濃度未満に下げた(結果は示していない)。次いで、エンジン速度及び負荷を下げ、NO2分解触媒への入口温度を243℃にした。テールパイプNO2レベルは90ppmに上がったが、HC注入速度を増加してC1HC:NO2比を1:1にすることにより、テールパイプNO2は10ppmに下がった。この観察は、PCT/GB2004/001680に示す、NO2の低温転化率を高いC1HC:NO2比で高めることができた試験台エンジン結果と一致している。
酸化触媒に続く粒子状物質フィルターからなるCRT(商品名)の後にディーゼル燃料注入装置、次いで例1で説明したものと類似のベータ−ゼオライトNO2分解触媒を配置し、これを実験室におけるエンジンに取り付けた。このエンジンは、1994型米国製、ターボチャージャを備えた12リットル、303kWのVolvoである。
例2に記載する装置を使用して第二組の試験を行い、長さ6インチ(15.24cm)のベータ−ゼオライトNO2分解触媒の後端部にPt触媒の「縞」を被覆する効果を評価した。これらの第二組の試験は、NOをNO2に再酸化せずにHCすり抜けを排除する可能性を試験するように設計した。3個の触媒試料の、分解触媒の後部にPtの1インチ(25.4cm)の縞を、Pt装填量1.5及び10gft−3Ptで被覆した。
入口温度℃
250 315 370
Pt HC NO2 HC NO2 HC NO2 PM
装填量 すり抜け 転化 すり抜け 転化 すり抜け 転化 転化
gft −3 ppm % ppm % ppm % %
0 28 84 32 97 18 98 90
1 23 99 24 99 23 99 97
5 27 98 27 98 24 95 97
10 20 99 23 99 28 99 97
トラック掘削機に取り付けたLiebherr 922、6リットル、106キロワットエンジンに、例2に記載する装置と類似のCRT(商品名)装置を装備し、その後にディーゼル燃料注入装置、次いでベータ−ゼオライトNO2分解触媒を配置した。400cpsi(62cpcm−2)を含む2サイズのセラミック基材、すなわち(i)直径7.5インチ(19.05cm)x長さ3インチ(7.62cm)、容積132.5インチ3(2.17リットル)、及び(ii)直径5.55インチ(14.1cm)x長さ6インチ(15.24cm)、容積145インチ3(2.37リットル)上に被覆したNO2分解触媒を試験した。
触媒 HC注入 温度 NO 2 HCすり抜け
mlh-1 ℃ ppm 転化率% ppm
(i) 0 272 77 26 10
(i)+負荷 0 350 90 40 7
(ii) 180 282 45 56 57
(ii)+負荷 180 380 30 67 60
(ii) 150 286 27 74 105
(ii)+負荷 150 380 20 87 102
Claims (19)
- 内燃機関の排ガス中にある二酸化窒素(NO2)を一酸化窒素(NO)に分解する方法であって、
ゼオライト、タングステンでドーピングされたチタニア、シリカ−チタニア、ジルコニア−チタニア、ガンマ−アルミナ、無定形シリカ−アルミナ及びそれらのいずれか二種類以上の混合物からなる群から選択された酸性金属酸化物を、前記排ガスを含んでなるガス混合物と接触させることと、
変化する速度にて炭化水素を前記ガス混合物の中に注入し、負荷サイクル全体に亘る平均において、前記酸性金属酸化物と接触する前記ガス混合物のC1炭化水素:窒素酸化物(C1HC:NOx)の比を0.05〜1.00とすることにより、前記ガス混合物の組成を調節することと、及び
流出ガスを大気中に直接、前記ガス混合物を先ず炭化水素酸化触媒と接触させてから放出することを含んでなり、
前記炭化水素が、ディーゼル燃料、ガソリン燃料、ガス−液体(GTL)系燃料、及び液体石油ガス(LPG)からなる群から選択されてなるものである、方法。 - 前記負荷サイクルの経過全体にわたって、炭化水素を間欠的に前記ガス混合物中に注入する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記負荷サイクルの経過全体にわたって、炭化水素を連続的に前記ガス混合物中に、低速度注入と高速度注入との間で振動するパルスで注入する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 排ガス温度、触媒床温度、排ガスマスフロー、前記排ガス中のNO2 、点火タイミング、エンジン速度、スロットル位置、エンジン中に注入された燃料の量、排ガス循環バルブの位置、ターボチャージャブーストプレッシャ、前記NO2分解触媒下流のHC濃度、及びそれらのいずれかの変化率からなる群から選択された少なくとも一つの入力に応答して、炭化水素注入を制御することを含んでなる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 保存されているルックアップテーブルまたはエンジンマップ中の少なくとも一つの入力との相関関係により、炭化水素注入を制御することを含んでなる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記C1HC:NOx比を250℃超過で調節することを含んでなる、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 前記C1HC:NOx比の調節を500℃までで行うことを含んでなる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記エンジンマップを少なくとも2つの区分に分割し、検出される入力値が一方の区分から他方に横切る度に、ある量の炭化水素を前記排ガス中に注入することを含んでなる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- リーンバーン内燃機関の排気機構であって、
炭化水素還元体で二酸化窒素(NO2)を一酸化窒素(NO)に分解する触媒と、
前記炭化水素供給源と、及び
使用中に、負荷サイクルの経過全体に亘って変化する速度にて炭化水素を前記ガス混合物の中に注入し、負荷サイクル全体に亘る平均において、前記酸性金属酸化物と接触する前記ガス混合物のC1炭化水素:窒素酸化物(C1HC:NOx)の比を0.05〜1.00とすることにより、前記ガス混合物の組成を調節する手段とを備えてなり、
前記触媒が、ゼオライト、タングステンでドーピングされたチタニア、シリカ−チタニア、ジルコニア−チタニア、ガンマ−アルミナ、無定形シリカ−アルミナ及びそれらのいずれか二種類以上の混合物からなる群から選択された酸性金属酸化物からなり、
前記触媒が、所望により金属または金属化合物を担持し、前記金属が、ロジウム、パラジウム、鉄、銅及びそれらのいずれか二種類以上の混合物からなる群から選択されてなり、
前記触媒から出る流出ガスが大気中に直接、所望により炭化水素酸化触媒を経由して放出され、
前記炭化水素が、ディーゼル燃料、ガソリン燃料、ガス−液体(GTL)系燃料、及び液体石油ガス(LPG)からなる群から選択されてなるものである、排気機構。 - 前記調節手段が、使用中に、前記負荷サイクルの経過全体にわたって、炭化水素を間欠的に前記排ガス中に注入する、請求項9に記載の排気機構。
- 前記調節手段が、使用中に、前記負荷サイクルの経過全体にわたって、炭化水素を連続的に、低速度注入と高速度注入との間で振動するパルスで注入する、請求項9に記載の排気機構。
- 前記調節手段がプロセッサーを備えてなり、必要に応じてエンジン管理装置(ECU)の一部である、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記NO2分解触媒が、少なくとも一種の白金族金属(PGM)、好ましくは白金及びパラジウムの少なくとも一種、を含んでなる酸化触媒の下流に配置される、請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記酸化触媒と前記NO2分解触媒との間に粒子状物質フィルターを備えてなる、請求項13に記載の排気機構。
- 前記酸化触媒が粒子状物質フィルター上にある、請求項13に記載の排気機構。
- 前記少なくとも一種のゼオライトがZSM−5、β−ゼオライト、Y−ゼオライトまたはモルデナイトである、請求項9〜15のいずれか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 内燃機関及び請求項9〜16のいずれか一項に記載の排気機構を備えてなる装置。
- 請求項17に記載の装置を備えてなる車両、例えば鉱山車両。
- 前記酸性金属酸化物を、ロジウム、パラジウム、鉄、銅及びそれらのいずれか二種類以上の混合物からなる群から選択された金属または金属化合物を担持してなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
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GBGB0422549.6A GB0422549D0 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2004-10-12 | Method of decomposing nitrogen dioxide |
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PCT/GB2005/003899 WO2006040533A1 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2005-10-10 | Method of decomposing nitrogen dioxide |
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CA2582935C (en) | 2013-04-30 |
AU2005293349A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
EP1799332B1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
US7758832B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
EP1799332A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
US20080213145A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
AU2005293349B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
KR20070073902A (ko) | 2007-07-10 |
KR101310651B1 (ko) | 2013-09-25 |
RU2007117750A (ru) | 2008-11-20 |
WO2006040533A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
PE20060670A1 (es) | 2006-09-16 |
BRPI0515989B1 (pt) | 2016-07-05 |
JP2008516152A (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
ZA200702930B (en) | 2008-08-27 |
GB0422549D0 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
RU2386043C2 (ru) | 2010-04-10 |
MX2007004285A (es) | 2007-06-07 |
CN101072622A (zh) | 2007-11-14 |
CN101072622B (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
BRPI0515989A (pt) | 2008-08-19 |
CA2582935A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
NO20071749L (no) | 2007-07-11 |
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