JP4966239B2 - Organic waste treatment method, gasification furnace, reforming furnace, organic waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention gasifies organic waste such as woody biomass, sewage sludge, municipal waste, etc. in a gasification furnace, makes effective use of this gas, and collects pyrolysis residues (carbides) containing carbon, The present invention relates to an organic waste treatment method capable of effectively utilizing carbides, and a gasification furnace and a reforming furnace used in the method.

  Conventionally, when processing waste such as waste, in order to extend the life of the final disposal site (landfill), the volume of waste has been reduced by incineration, gasification and melting. On the other hand, recently, due to the demand for reduction of greenhouse gases typified by carbon dioxide, instead of simply incinerating and melting waste such as waste, organic waste treatment equipment as shown in FIG. Proposed. This device gasifies high calorific value waste such as woody waste in a fluidized bed gasification furnace 51 at 500 ° C. to 900 ° C., and generates all pyrolysis gas, tar and pyrolysis residue (carbide). In the reforming furnace 52 in an atmosphere of about 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C. to generate a reformed gas. The reformed gas can be used as a fuel.

  However, this organic waste treatment apparatus supplies the reforming furnace 52 with the entire amount of pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide) generated in the fluidized bed gasification furnace 51. There was a problem that ash contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) was melted and clinker was generated inside the reforming furnace 52.

  Therefore, a method for treating organic waste as disclosed in Patent Document 1 has been proposed. In this apparatus, a cyclone apparatus is provided between a fluidized bed gasifier and a reformer, the temperature and oxygen ratio of the gasifier are controlled, and the pyrolysis residue (carbide) containing carbon is removed by the cyclone apparatus. It is an apparatus that collects and generates reformed gas in a reforming furnace. Thus, since it decided to collect | recover pyrolysis residue (carbide) with a cyclone apparatus, it becomes possible not only to suppress generation | occurrence | production of a clinker, but also to effectively decompose the pyrolysis residue (carbide) collect | recovered with the cyclone apparatus. As an energy source, it can be used as an auxiliary material for a combustion aid or a molten metal surface in a metal electric furnace. In addition, according to the property of a thermal decomposition residue (carbide), it becomes possible to use it for a soil improvement agent etc.

In order to continuously use the pyrolysis residue (carbide) as an effective energy source, it is necessary to adjust the properties such as the amount of carbon contained in accordance with the desire of the user. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the properties in order to use the generated reformed gas as a fuel for an engine or the like. However, as in the waste treatment apparatus shown in Patent Document 1, only by controlling the temperature and oxygen ratio of the gasification furnace, the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the reformed gas can be used according to the intended use. It was difficult to finely adjust the properties. In addition, since the pyrolysis residue (carbide) is also collected by the dust collector at the latter stage of the reforming furnace, the pyrolysis residue (carbide) is mixed with the pyrolysis residue (carbide) that is collected by the cyclone at the latter stage of the gasification furnace. It was difficult to adapt the properties of the pyrolysis residue (carbide) to the intended use.
JP 2007-229563 A

  The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to adjust the properties of pyrolysis residue (carbide) and reformed gas generated by treating organic waste according to the intended use. It was made as.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that organic waste is put into a gasification furnace maintained in a reducing atmosphere having an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, and pyrolysis gas, tar In the organic waste treatment method, the pyrolysis residue is thermally decomposed into a pyrolysis residue, the pyrolysis residue is recovered by a cyclone, and the pyrolysis gas and tar are sent to a reforming furnace at a subsequent stage to obtain the reformed gas. The ratio of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue and the amount of carbon contained in the reformed gas is adjusted by controlling the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) inside.

The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein water vapor is supplied into the gasification furnace, and the supply amount of water vapor supplied into the gasification furnace is adjusted, so that The water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) is controlled.

In the invention according to claim 3, the organic waste is put into a gasification furnace maintained in a reducing atmosphere having an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, and the pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide) are heated. In the cyclone device installed after the gasification furnace, pyrolysis residue (carbide) is collected by the action of centrifugal force, and tar and pyrolysis gas discharged from the cyclone device are collected in the latter stage of the cyclone device. In an organic waste treatment method in which a reformed gas is produced by introducing tar and a pyrolysis gas with oxygen and water vapor in the reformer after being introduced into the reformer provided.
By controlling the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace, the amount of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the amount of carbon contained in the reformed gas It is characterized by adjusting the blending ratio.

  Note that, as an example of a desirable embodiment of the invention described in claim 3, the necessary amount of electric power is generated by the reformed gas, and the remaining energy is recovered as a pyrolysis residue (carbide) containing carbon. preferable.

  As an example of a desirable embodiment of the invention described in claim 3, it is preferable to adjust the properties of the pyrolysis residue (carbide) according to the intended use and generate the reformed gas with the remaining energy.

Invention of Claim 4 supplies the water vapor | steam in the gasification furnace in invention of Claim 3, and adjusts the supply amount of the water vapor | steam supplied in at least one furnace of a gasification furnace and a reforming furnace By doing so, the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) of at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace is controlled.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas is formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, and the inside of the furnace is reduced to an oxygen ratio of 1 or less. In a gasification furnace that thermally decomposes organic waste charged into the furnace into gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide)
Forming a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor into the furnace in the gasifier;
A water-carbon ratio control means for controlling the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the furnace by adjusting the supply amount of water vapor supplied to the water-vapor supply port is provided.

The invention according to claim 6 is provided with a gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas and a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor, adjusting the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port, A reforming furnace that generates a reformed gas by reacting tar and pyrolysis gas with oxygen and water vapor in a reducing atmosphere having an oxygen ratio of 1 or less,
A water-carbon ratio control means for controlling the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the furnace by adjusting the supply amount of water vapor supplied to the water-vapor supply port is provided.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas is formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, and the inside of the furnace is reduced to an oxygen ratio of 1 or less. A gasification furnace that thermally decomposes organic waste charged into the furnace into gas, tar, and thermal decomposition residue (carbide);
A cyclone device for recovering pyrolysis residues (carbides) from the pyrolysis gas, tar, and carbon content discharged from the gasification furnace by the action of centrifugal force;
A gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas and a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor are formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, and the inside of the furnace is reduced to an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, In the organic waste treatment apparatus having a reforming furnace for generating reformed gas by reacting tar and pyrolysis gas discharged from the cyclone apparatus with oxygen and steam,
Forming a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor into the furnace in the gasifier;
By adjusting the amount of steam supplied to at least one steam supply port of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace, the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C) in at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace is adjusted. The water / carbon ratio control means for controlling the ratio) is provided.

In the first aspect of the invention, the organic waste is put into a gasification furnace maintained in a reducing atmosphere having an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, and the pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide) are heated. In the organic waste treatment method for decomposing, the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the gasification furnace is controlled, and the amount of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the reformed gas are contained. It is characterized by adjusting the blending ratio of the carbon amount. For this reason, it becomes possible to collect the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the reformed gas by adjusting the properties according to the intended use. As a result, it is possible to promote effective use of the recovered pyrolysis residue (carbide) and to recycle the energy of the organic waste as much as possible. In addition, when there are seasonal variations in the properties, mixing ratio, and amount of organic waste (sewage sludge, woody biomass, etc.), obtain pyrolysis residues (carbides) and reformed gas tailored to the application. Is possible.

The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein water vapor is supplied into the gasification furnace, and the supply amount of water vapor supplied into the gasification furnace is adjusted, so that The water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) is controlled.
For this reason, it becomes possible to reliably control the water-carbon ratio in the gasification furnace.

In the invention according to claim 3, the organic waste is put into a gasification furnace maintained in a reducing atmosphere having an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, and the pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide) are heated. In the cyclone device installed after the gasification furnace, pyrolysis residue (carbide) is collected by the action of centrifugal force, and tar and pyrolysis gas discharged from the cyclone device are collected in the latter stage of the cyclone device. In an organic waste treatment method in which a reformed gas is produced by introducing tar and a pyrolysis gas with oxygen and water vapor in the reformer after being introduced into the reformer provided.
By controlling the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace, the amount of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the amount of carbon contained in the reformed gas It is characterized by adjusting the blending ratio.
For this reason, the amount of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the amount of carbon contained in the reformed gas are controlled by controlling the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the gasification furnace or reforming furnace. It is characterized by adjusting the blending ratio. For this reason, it becomes possible to collect the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the reformed gas by adjusting the properties according to the intended use. As a result, it is possible to promote effective use of the recovered pyrolysis residue (carbide) and to recycle the energy of the organic waste as much as possible. In addition, when there are seasonal variations in the properties, mixing ratio, and amount of organic waste (sewage sludge, woody biomass, etc.), obtain pyrolysis residues (carbides) and reformed gas tailored to the application. Is possible.
In addition, since 70% to 95% of pyrolysis residue (carbide) containing ash is collected by the cyclone device (can be designed arbitrarily depending on the recovery efficiency of the cyclone device), the generation of clinker is prevented in the reforming furnace. It becomes possible to eliminate the clinker trouble in the reforming furnace.

Invention of Claim 4 supplies the water vapor | steam in the gasification furnace in invention of Claim 3, and adjusts the supply amount of the water vapor | steam supplied in at least one furnace of a gasification furnace and a reforming furnace By doing so, the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) of at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace is controlled.
For this reason, it becomes possible to reliably control the water-carbon ratio in the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas is formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, and the inside of the furnace is reduced to an oxygen ratio of 1 or less. In a gasification furnace that thermally decomposes organic waste charged into the furnace into gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide)
Forming a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor into the furnace in the gasifier;
A water-carbon ratio control means for controlling the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the furnace by adjusting the supply amount of water vapor supplied to the water-vapor supply port is provided.
For this reason, by controlling the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the gasifier, the mixing ratio of the carbon amount contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the carbon amount contained in the reformed gas is adjusted. It is characterized by doing. For this reason, it becomes possible to collect the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the reformed gas by adjusting the properties according to the intended use. As a result, it is possible to promote effective use of the recovered pyrolysis residue (carbide) and to recycle the energy of the organic waste as much as possible. In addition, when there are seasonal variations in the properties, mixing ratio, and amount of organic waste (sewage sludge, woody biomass, etc.), obtain pyrolysis residues (carbides) and reformed gas tailored to the application. Is possible.

The invention according to claim 6 is provided with a gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas and a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor, adjusting the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port, A reforming furnace that generates a reformed gas by reacting tar and pyrolysis gas with oxygen and water vapor in a reducing atmosphere having an oxygen ratio of 1 or less,
A water-carbon ratio control means for controlling the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the furnace by adjusting the supply amount of water vapor supplied to the water-vapor supply port is provided.
For this reason, by controlling the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C molar ratio) in the reforming furnace, the blending ratio of the carbon amount contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the carbon amount contained in the reformed gas is determined. It is characterized by adjusting. For this reason, it becomes possible to collect the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the reformed gas by adjusting the properties according to the intended use. As a result, it is possible to promote effective use of the recovered pyrolysis residue (carbide) and to recycle the energy of the organic waste as much as possible. In addition, when there are seasonal variations in the properties, mixing ratio, and amount of organic waste (sewage sludge, woody biomass, etc.), obtain pyrolysis residues (carbides) and reformed gas tailored to the application. Is possible.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas is formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, and the inside of the furnace is reduced to an oxygen ratio of 1 or less. A gasification furnace that thermally decomposes organic waste charged into the furnace into gas, tar, and thermal decomposition residue (carbide);
A cyclone device for recovering the pyrolysis residue (carbide) by the action of centrifugal force from the pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide) discharged from the gasification furnace;
A gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas and a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor are formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, and the inside of the furnace is reduced to an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, In the organic waste treatment apparatus having a reforming furnace for generating reformed gas by reacting tar and pyrolysis gas discharged from the cyclone apparatus with oxygen and steam,
Forming a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor into the furnace in the gasifier;
By adjusting the amount of steam supplied to at least one steam supply port of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace, the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C) in at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace is adjusted. The water / carbon ratio control means for controlling the ratio) is provided.
For this reason, the amount of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the amount of carbon contained in the reformed gas are controlled by controlling the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the gasification furnace or reforming furnace. It is characterized by adjusting the blending ratio. For this reason, it becomes possible to collect the pyrolysis residue (carbide) and the reformed gas by adjusting the properties according to the intended use. As a result, it is possible to promote effective use of the recovered pyrolysis residue (carbide) and to recycle the energy of the organic waste as much as possible. In addition, when there are seasonal variations in the properties, mixing ratio, and amount of organic waste (sewage sludge, woody biomass, etc.), obtain pyrolysis residues (carbides) and reformed gas tailored to the application. Is possible.
In addition, since 70% to 95% of pyrolysis residue (carbide) containing ash is collected by the cyclone device (can be designed arbitrarily depending on the recovery efficiency of the cyclone device), the generation of clinker is prevented in the reforming furnace. It becomes possible to eliminate the clinker trouble in the reforming furnace.

(Configuration of the present invention)
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an organic waste treatment apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a hopper, 2 is a feeder, 3 is a gasification furnace, 4 is a blower, 5 is a cyclone device, 6 is a reforming furnace, 7 is a cooling tower, 8 is a dust collector, 9 is a purification facility, and 20 is water. It is a carbon ratio control means. The water / carbon ratio control means 20 will be described in detail later.

  The organic waste treated by the organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention includes woody biomass, livestock dung, sewage sludge, municipal waste, food waste, petroleum-derived plastic, RPF, etc., general waste and industrial waste Regardless of waste including organic matter. The hopper 1 and the feeder 2 sequentially and quantitatively supply the received organic waste to the furnace body 3a of the gasification furnace 3, and are constituted by a screw conveyor or the like. In addition, it is also possible to constitute an apparatus that supplies the furnace main body 3a by combining a quantitative feeder, a chute, a multiple damper, and the like.

  The gasification furnace 3 thermally decomposes organic waste in a reducing atmosphere having an oxygen ratio of 1 or less to generate pyrolysis residue (carbide), tar, and pyrolysis gas containing unburned carbon. The gasification furnace 3 is, for example, a fluidized bed type gasification furnace. The fluidized bed type gasification furnace 3 includes both a circulating fluidized bed furnace and a bubble fluidized bed furnace. The fluidized bed type gasification furnace 3 shown in FIG. 1 is a circulating fluidized bed furnace. The fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 includes a furnace body 3a constructed of a refractory that is long in the vertical direction, a hot cyclone 3b that communicates with the upper portion of the furnace body 3a, and is disposed on the side of the furnace body 3a. It is composed of When fluidized bed type is used for gasification furnace, organic waste is crushed in the furnace, and it is possible to recover the pyrolysis residue (carbide) as fine and uniform granules, thus adjusting the properties And effective use becomes easy.

  The furnace main body 3a is formed with a charging port 3c communicating with the furnace main body 3a, and organic waste supplied by the feeder 2 is charged into the furnace main body 3a from the charging port 3c. The fluid medium a stays at the bottom of the furnace body 3a. The fluid medium a is, for example, silica sand. A gas supply unit 3d is disposed at the bottom of the furnace body 3a. This gas supply part 3d is comprised with the diffuser plate, diffuser tube, etc. which have porosity.

  The gas supply unit 3d is connected to a gas supply port 3e formed at the bottom of the furnace body 3a. An oxygen-containing gas such as air is pumped to the gas supply port 3e by the blower 4 or the like. The oxygen-containing gas supplied to the gas supply port 3e is preheated as necessary, and waste heat such as exhaust gas may be used for preheating. When an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the gas supply port 3e, a gas containing oxygen is ejected from the pores of the gas supply part 3d, and the organic waste is stirred together with the fluid medium a and is thermally decomposed at this time. It has become. In order to control the oxygen ratio inside the furnace body 3a, an inert gas supply port for supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen may be provided in the furnace body 3a. The furnace body 3a is provided with an auxiliary burner and an auxiliary fuel supply part as needed in order to promote thermal decomposition of organic waste.

  The hot cyclone 3b collects the fluid medium a out of the pyrolysis residue (carbide), tar, pyrolysis gas, and fluid medium a introduced from the top of the furnace body 1a and returns it to the bottom of the furnace body 3a. . The hot cyclone 3b is composed of an outer cylinder 3g and an inner cylinder 3h. The outer cylinder 3g has a cylindrical shape with a closed ceiling. The upper part of the outer cylinder 3g communicates with the furnace body 3a and the upper part. The lower part of the outer cylinder 3g has a conical shape and communicates with the furnace body 3a. The inner cylinder 3h protrudes from the ceiling plate of the outer cylinder 3g into the outer cylinder 3g and is arranged concentrically with the outer cylinder 3g.

  The cyclone device 5 is disposed at the rear stage of the gasification furnace 3. The cyclone device 5 removes the pyrolysis residue (carbide) from the pyrolysis residue (carbide), tar, and pyrolysis gas introduced from the inner cylinder 3h of the hot cyclone 3b, and removes the pyrolysis residue (carbide). It is to be collected. The cyclone device 5 is composed of an outer cylinder 5a and an inner cylinder 5b. The outer cylinder 5a has a cylindrical shape with the ceiling closed. An inlet 5c is formed in the upper part of the outer cylinder 5a, and the inner cylinder 3h of the hot cyclone 3b is connected to the inlet 5c. The lower part of the outer cylinder 5a has a conical shape. The inner cylinder 5b protrudes from the ceiling plate of the outer cylinder 5a into the outer cylinder 5a, and is arranged concentrically with the outer cylinder 5a.

  The reforming furnace 6 is disposed in the subsequent stage of the cyclone device 5. The reforming furnace 6 reforms tar and pyrolysis gas introduced from the inner cylinder 5b of the cyclone device 5 with oxygen and water vapor in a reducing atmosphere with an air ratio of 1 or less to generate reformed gas. is there. The reforming furnace 6 is composed of a vertically long refractory. In the reforming furnace 6, an introduction port 6 a communicating with the inside of the reforming furnace 6 is formed. The inner cylinder 5b of the cyclone device 5 is connected to the introduction port 6a. The reforming furnace 6 is formed with a water vapor supply port 6 b that communicates with the reforming furnace 6. The steam supply port 6b is supplied with heated steam generated by the water / carbon ratio control means 20 described later. The reforming furnace 6 is formed with a gas supply port 6 b that communicates with the reforming furnace 6. A gas such as oxygen is supplied to the gas supply port 6b. Note that the gas supplied to the gas supply port 6b may be oxygen-containing air or oxygen-enriched air (generically referred to as oxygen-containing gas. The oxygen-containing gas includes oxygen-only gas). Oxygen is most preferred. Moreover, you may heat and supply as needed.

  The cooling tower 7 is disposed at the rear stage of the reforming furnace 6. The cooling tower 7 cools the reformed gas generated in the reforming furnace 6.

  The dust collector 8 is disposed in the rear stage of the cooling tower 7. The dust collector 8 is composed of a bag filter, a ceramic filter, or the like, and collects thermal decomposition residues (carbides) that cannot be recovered by the cyclone device 5 and have not been reformed by the reforming furnace 6.

  The refining equipment 9 is arranged at the rear stage of the dust collector 8. The purification equipment 9 is composed of a scrubber or the like, and removes harmful substances such as ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide from the reformed gas, and purifies the fuel gas.

  The water-carbon ratio control means 20 includes a boiler 21, a heating device 22, a flow meter 23, a control valve 24, a flow controller 25, and a cutoff valve 26. The water-carbon ratio control means 20 supplies heated steam to the steam supply port 3 f of the gasification furnace 3 and the steam supply port 6 b of the reforming furnace 6, and the inside of the gasification furnace 3 and the reforming furnace 6. A means for adjusting the water-carbon ratio described later.

  The boiler 21 generates water vapor from water. The heating device 22 heats the steam generated by the boiler 21 to generate 200 to 500 ° C. heated steam. As a heat source for the boiler 21 and the heating device 22, it is preferable to use exhaust heat when gasifying organic waste or generating reformed gas. The gasification furnace 3, cyclone device 5, reforming are preferably used. A heat exchanger 30 is provided between the furnace 6, piping connecting them, or between the reforming furnace 6 and the cooling tower 7, and waste heat recovered by the heat exchanger 30 is used for the boiler 21 and the heating device 22. It is preferable to do. Further, the reformed gas can be used as the fuel for the boiler 21.

  The flow meter 23 measures the flow rate of the heated steam supplied to the control valve 24. The flow meter 23 includes an orifice type, a vortex type and the like.

  The control valve 24 adjusts the flow rate (supply amount) of heated steam supplied to the steam supply port 3 f of the gasification furnace 3 and the steam supply port 6 b of the reforming furnace 6. The control valve 24 includes air-operated and electric control valves.

  The flow controller 25 controls the control valve 24 based on the flow rate of the heated steam measured by the flow meter 23. As described above, the flow controller 25 performs PDI control based on the information on the flow rate of the heated steam measured by the flow meter 23, controls the control valve 24, and controls the steam supply port 3 f of the gasification furnace 3. The flow rate (supply amount) of the heated steam supplied to the steam supply port 6b of the quality furnace 6 is adjusted.

  The shutoff valve 26 shuts off the flow path between the control valve 24 and the steam supply port 3 f of the gasification furnace 3 and the steam supply port 6 b of the reforming furnace 6. If necessary, the shutoff valve 26 is operated to shut off the supply of heated steam to the steam supply port 3f of the gasification furnace 3 and the steam supply port 6b of the reforming furnace 6.

  Each flow path of the water-carbon ratio control means 20 is provided with a thermometer or pressure gauge, and the temperature or pressure of each flow path is measured, so that the steam supply port 3f of the gasification furnace 3 or the reforming furnace 6 It is preferable to control the temperature and pressure of the heated steam supplied to the steam supply port 6b.

(Explanation of organic waste treatment)
The organic waste is fed from the hopper 1 into the furnace body 3a of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 by the feeder 2. An oxygen-containing gas such as air is supplied to the gas supply port 3e by the blower 4, and the fluid medium a in the furnace body 3a is agitated. By controlling the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port 3a, the oxygen ratio inside the gasification furnace 3 is controlled to be maintained in a reducing atmosphere of 1 or less. In the present invention, the oxygen ratio is a ratio representing the ratio of oxygen contained in the gas supplied to the gasifier when the theoretical oxygen amount necessary for burning organic waste is 1. (Molar ratio). The organic waste flows in the furnace main body 3a together with the fluid medium a and is partially combusted while being stirred to undergo a pyrolysis reaction, and a pyrolysis residue (carbide) containing a combustible pyrolysis gas, tar, and carbon. Is broken down into

When performing the thermal decomposition reaction, the temperature inside the gasification furnace 3 is preferably 500 ° C to 900 ° C, and the oxygen ratio inside the gasification furnace 3 is preferably 0.2 to 0.7. In order to control the oxygen ratio inside the gasification furnace 3, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the gas supply port 3e is controlled. In addition, an inert gas such as nitrogen may be supplied into the furnace body 1 to control the oxygen ratio in the gasification furnace 3. In the present invention, in order to control the water-carbon ratio, the amount of steam supplied to the steam supply port 3f is controlled. In the present invention, the water-carbon ratio refers to the number of moles of water (H ₂ O) (also referred to as the amount of a substance, which is the amount of a substance in units of Avogadro constant (6.0221367x10 ²³ )). The divided value (H ₂ O / C molar ratio). The water-carbon ratio inside the gasification furnace 3 is the amount of water in the heated steam supplied from the steam supply port 3f and the amount of water contained in the organic waste, and the organic waste input from the input port 3c. It is a ratio calculated from the amount of carbon contained. The amount of moisture includes the amount of moisture generated by partial combustion of hydrogen contained in organic waste.

  The pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide) generated in the furnace body 3a are removed from the inner cylinder 3h of the hot cyclone 3b by the hot cyclone 3b after the fluid medium a is removed by the action of centrifugal force. It is introduced into the introduction port 5 c of the device 5.

  The pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue (carbide) introduced into the outer cylinder 5a of the cyclone device 5 from the inlet 5c are separated from the pyrolysis residue (carbide) by the action of centrifugal force, and contain carbon. Thermal decomposition residue (carbide) can be recovered. The amount of carbon in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) can be adjusted by controlling the temperature, oxygen ratio, and water-carbon ratio of the furnace body 3a of the gasification furnace 3. The collection efficiency of the cyclone device 5 can be arbitrarily set, but is preferably 70% to 95%. The pyrolysis residue (carbide) containing carbon obtained by the cyclone device 5 is mixed with or separately from the pyrolysis residue (carbide) recovered by the dust collector 8, and a reducing agent for iron making, It can be effectively used as a heat insulating material, a snow melting agent, or as a heat source for coke substitute fuel or the like. When using it as a heat insulating material for iron making, it is preferable to adjust the carbon content to less than about 25%, and when using it as a carbon source for coke alternative fuel or iron making, the carbon content is about 40% or more and maximum. It is preferable to adjust to the limit.

  Since the pyrolysis residue (carbide) containing ash is recovered by the cyclone device 5, the pyrolysis residue (carbide) is removed from the reforming furnace 6 by about 70% to 95%. Since tar can be supplied, clinker caused by melting of the inorganic content contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) is not generated inside the reforming furnace 6, and the trouble of the reforming furnace 6 due to this clinker generation In addition, it is possible to eliminate the trouble of removing the clinker.

The pyrolysis gas and tar discharged from the inner cylinder 5b of the cyclone device 5 are introduced into the reforming furnace 6 maintained at about 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C. from the introduction port 6c, and are reformed by oxygen and steam. The reaction that proceeds inside the reforming furnace 6 is as follows. In the following formula, CxHy is pyrolysis gas and tar.
CxHy + (x + y / 4) O ₂ = xCO ₂ + y / 2 H ₂ O (1)
_{· CxHy + xH 2 O = (} x + y / 2) H 2 + xCO .................. (2)

The combustion heat generated by the reaction (1) between the pyrolysis gas and oxygen is used as a heat source for the reforming furnace 6. Tar and pyrolysis gas (CxHy) react with water vapor (H ₂ O) by heat in the reforming furnace 6 to form reformed gas mainly composed of hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbon monoxide (CO). Become. (Reaction (2)) In order to optimally reform tar and pyrolysis gas, the temperature, oxygen ratio, and water-carbon ratio of the reforming furnace 6 are adjusted. The water-carbon ratio in the reforming furnace 6 is calculated from the amount of water in the heated steam supplied from the steam supply port 6b, the pyrolysis gas introduced from the introduction port 6a, and the amount of carbon contained in tar. It is a ratio. The amount of moisture includes the amount of moisture produced by the reaction of hydrogen contained in the pyrolysis gas and tar with oxygen.

  The reformed gas generated in the reforming furnace 6 is introduced into the dust collector 8 and is not recovered by the cyclone device 5. Among the pyrolysis residues (carbides) that have not been reformed in the reforming furnace 6 (carbides). ) Is recovered. The pyrolysis residue (carbide) recovered by the dust collector 8 can be adjusted by controlling the temperature of the gasifier, the oxygen ratio, and the water-carbon ratio of the gasifier and the reformer. The pyrolysis residue (carbide) recovered by the dust collector 8 may be reused by mixing with the pyrolysis residue (carbide) recovered by the cyclone device 5 or may be reused for different purposes. .

  The reformed gas from which the pyrolysis residue (carbide) has been recovered is introduced into the refining facility 8 to remove harmful substances. Thereafter, the reformed gas is supplied to, for example, a gas engine that drives the generator, and is used as an energy source of the generator. The generated electric power may be used in the organic waste treatment method of the present invention, or may be transmitted to another facility. When used in the waste processing method of the present invention, this electric power is used for, for example, the feeder 2, the gasification furnace 3, the blower 4, the cyclone device 5, the reforming furnace 6, and the like. As a power source for driving the generator, the generator may be driven by a gas turbine or a combination of a boiler and a steam turbine instead of the gas engine. It may be used as fuel for boilers. Further, the reformed gas can be used as a fuel for the gasification furnace 3 and the reforming furnace 6, or can be supplied to a heat operation facility outside the system and used as a fuel.

(Operation of the present invention)
When the operating conditions (temperature, oxygen ratio) of the gasification furnace 3 and the water-carbon ratio of the gasification furnace 3 and the reforming furnace 6 are controlled, the amount of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) recovered by the cyclone device 5 The carbon content of the pyrolysis residue (carbide) recovered by the dust collector 8 changes. Therefore, the temperature and oxygen ratio of the gasification furnace 3 and the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C molar ratio) of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace are controlled to improve the amount of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide). The mixing ratio of the amount of carbon contained in the quality gas was adjusted. Table 1 shows an example of the result of changing the operating conditions. Note that the carbon content of the pyrolysis residue (carbide) is described as a finished property in which the pyrolysis residue (carbide) collected by the cyclone device 5 and the pyrolysis residue (carbide) collected by the dust collector 8 are mixed. Further, the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C molar ratio) is a value in the reforming furnace 6 at the subsequent stage.

As is apparent from Table 1, when the temperature of the gasifier 3 is 500 ° C. (operating condition 1), the carbon content contained in the pyrolysis residue (carbide) recovered by the cyclone device 5 and the dust collector 8 is 50%. In addition, when the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C molar ratio) is the same, it becomes possible to recover more carbon than the pyrolysis residue (carbide) recovered under the operating condition 4. If the gasifier temperature is 700 ° C. (operating condition 3), even if the oxygen ratio of the gasifier is the same, if the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C molar ratio) is controlled high, the pyrolysis residue (carbide) The carbon content contained is reduced, and when the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C molar ratio) is controlled to be low, the carbon content contained in the thermal decomposition residue (carbide) is increased.

  As described above, according to the present invention, when the organic waste is processed, the water-carbon ratio in the gasification furnace 3 and the reforming furnace 6 is controlled. It is possible to adjust the properties of the fuel gas and the pyrolysis residue (carbide) by controlling the operating conditions in accordance with the intended use of the (carbide). In addition, if only the necessary in-house electric power generated by the reformed gas is generated, the use of electric power and auxiliary fuel in the waste treatment plant can be reduced or eliminated, and self-contained disposal. In addition to realizing material processing, it is possible to supply energy outside the system as a pyrolysis residue (carbide).

  In the embodiment described above, the water / carbon ratio in the gasification furnace 3 and the reforming furnace 6 is controlled by controlling the amount of steam supplied to the steam supply port 3e and the steam supply port 6b. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. For example, by adjusting the water content of the organic waste charged into the gasification furnace 3, water carbon in the gasification furnace 3 and the reforming furnace 6 is adjusted. It goes without saying that the ratio can be controlled. For example, when the organic waste to be treated is sewage sludge, the water content of the dehydrated cake is adjusted by adjusting the amount of dehydration when dewatering the sewage to produce a dehydrated cake. When installing a dryer in the subsequent stage, adjust the moisture content of the dried cake. Before the hopper 1, a belt press dehydrator, a pressure dehydrator, a vacuum dehydrator, a squeeze pressure dehydrator, a dehydration means such as a multistage pressurization, and a drying means such as a steam dryer and a hot air dryer are provided. By controlling these, it becomes possible to adjust the moisture content of the organic waste supplied to the gasifier. In addition, the moisture content of the organic waste supplied to the gasifier is adjusted by controlling the mixing ratio of sewage sludge with a high moisture content, woody biomass with a moderate moisture content, waste plastic with a low moisture content, etc. It is also possible.

  The control valve 24 and the shutoff valve 25 of the water / carbon ratio control means 20 may be manually operated.

  In addition, although this invention was demonstrated about embodiment using the fluidized-bed type gasification furnace 3, this invention is not limited to this embodiment, A kiln type (internal heating type) and a kiln type (external heating type) It is also possible to apply to the gasification furnace 3 such as.

  In the present invention, in order to theoretically explain, the oxygen ratio is expressed as a molar ratio, but in actuality, it is included in the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas so as to be the molar ratio. The oxygen ratio is controlled by controlling the amount of oxygen and the like. As a matter of course, the oxygen ratio is the same regardless of the molar ratio, mass ratio, or volume ratio (standard state).

  Similarly, in the present invention, for the purpose of theoretical explanation, the water-carbon ratio is expressed as a molar ratio, but in actuality, the composition / mass / moisture content of the organic waste is adjusted so as to be the molar ratio. The water-carbon ratio is controlled by controlling the rate, the flow rate of water vapor, the amount of water, and the like. In the water-carbon ratio, the numerical value varies depending on whether it is defined by the molar ratio, the mass ratio, or the volume ratio, and the water-carbon ratio shown in Table 1 is described by the molar ratio as described above. However, in the present invention, it is naturally possible to control the water-carbon ratio by, for example, a mass ratio other than the molar ratio.

  Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the most practical and preferred embodiments at the present time, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein. The organic waste treatment method, gasification furnace, reforming furnace, organicity can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit or idea of the invention that can be read from the claims and the entire specification. Waste treatment equipment should also be understood as being included in the technical scope.

It is explanatory drawing which shows embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows conventional embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hopper 2 Feeder 3 Gasification furnace 3a Furnace main body 3b Hot cyclone 3c Input port 3d Gas supply part 3e Gas supply port 3f Water vapor supply port 3g Outer cylinder 3h Inner cylinder 4 Blower 5 Cyclone device 5a Outer cylinder 5b Inner cylinder 5c Inlet 6c Reforming furnace 6a Inlet 6b Steam supply port 6c Gas supply port 7 Cooling tower 8 Dust collector 9 Purification equipment 20 Water / carbon ratio control means 21 Boiler 22 Heating device 23 Flow meter 24 Control valve 25 Flow controller 26 Shut-off valve 30 Heat exchanger 51 Fluidized bed gasifier 52 Reforming furnace a Fluid medium

Claims (7)

The organic waste is put into a gasification furnace maintained in a reducing atmosphere with an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, pyrolyzed into pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue, and the pyrolysis residue is recovered with a cyclone. In the organic waste processing method of obtaining the reformed gas by sending the pyrolysis gas and tar to the reformer at the subsequent stage ,
The water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the gasifier is controlled to adjust the blending ratio of the carbon amount contained in the pyrolysis residue and the carbon amount contained in the reformed gas. Organic waste disposal method. The water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the gasification furnace is controlled by supplying water vapor into the gasification furnace and adjusting the supply amount of the water vapor supplied into the gasification furnace. The organic waste processing method according to claim 1. The organic waste is put into a gasification furnace maintained in a reducing atmosphere with an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, pyrolyzed into pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue, and a cyclone provided at the rear stage of the gasification furnace The apparatus collects the pyrolysis residue by the action of centrifugal force, and introduces tar and pyrolysis gas discharged from the cyclone apparatus into a reformer provided at the rear stage of the cyclone apparatus. In the organic waste processing method of reacting tar and pyrolysis gas with oxygen and water vapor to generate a reformed gas,
The mixing ratio of the amount of carbon contained in the pyrolysis residue and the amount of carbon contained in the reformed gas by controlling the water carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace An organic waste processing method characterized by adjusting the amount of water. By adjusting the amount of steam supplied to at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace, the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) of at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace is adjusted. The organic waste processing method according to claim 3, wherein the organic waste is controlled. A gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas is formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, the inside of the furnace is made a reducing atmosphere with an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, and the organic charged in the furnace In a gasification furnace that pyrolyzes radioactive waste into gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue
Forming a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor into the furnace in the gasifier;
A gasification furnace comprising water-carbon ratio control means for controlling a water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the furnace by adjusting a supply amount of steam supplied to the steam supply port . A gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas and a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor are formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, and the inside of the furnace is reduced to an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, A reforming furnace that reacts tar and pyrolysis gas with oxygen and steam to generate reformed gas,
A reforming furnace comprising a water-carbon ratio control means for controlling a water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C ratio) in the furnace by adjusting a supply amount of steam supplied to the steam supply port . A gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas is formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, the inside of the furnace is made a reducing atmosphere with an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, and the organic charged in the furnace A gasification furnace that thermally decomposes radioactive waste into gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue;
A cyclone device for recovering pyrolysis residue from the pyrolysis gas, tar, and carbon content discharged from the gasification furnace by the action of centrifugal force;
A gas supply port for supplying an oxygen-containing gas and a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor are formed, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the gas supply port is adjusted, and the inside of the furnace is reduced to an oxygen ratio of 1 or less, In the organic waste treatment apparatus having a reforming furnace for generating reformed gas by reacting tar and pyrolysis gas discharged from the cyclone apparatus with oxygen and steam,
Forming a water vapor supply port for supplying water vapor into the furnace in the gasifier;
By adjusting the amount of steam supplied to at least one steam supply port of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace, the water-carbon ratio (H ₂ O / C) in at least one of the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace is adjusted. An organic waste treatment apparatus provided with water-carbon ratio control means for controlling the ratio.

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