JP4930203B2 - ハイブリッド車両 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド車両 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4930203B2 JP4930203B2 JP2007150719A JP2007150719A JP4930203B2 JP 4930203 B2 JP4930203 B2 JP 4930203B2 JP 2007150719 A JP2007150719 A JP 2007150719A JP 2007150719 A JP2007150719 A JP 2007150719A JP 4930203 B2 JP4930203 B2 JP 4930203B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- torque
- control device
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- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 101150049032 ACL1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101100448894 Arabidopsis thaliana GLR3.1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101100054598 Hordeum vulgare ACL1.2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101150023061 acpP gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100083503 Caenorhabditis elegans acl-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100083507 Caenorhabditis elegans acl-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150086935 MRN1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
- B60W20/18—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for avoiding ageing of fuel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
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- B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
[全体構成]
図1は、実施の形態に係る車両100の概略ブロック図である。
、またnpn型トランジスタに代えて、パワーMOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)等の電力スイッチング素子を用いることができる。
次に、車両100において商用電源55の交流電圧VACから直流の充電電圧を発生する方法について説明する。
以上、外部から充電が可能なハイブリッド車両について説明した。このような外部から充電可能なハイブリッド自動車においては、電気自動車走行の領域が広がり、エンジン始動時間が減り、燃料がなかなか消費されないことが予想される。したがって、たとえば、燃料性状が長期保存によって劣化したり、夏に補給した燃料が冬まで持越される等その季節に適合した燃料性状でない燃料が燃料タンクに残存したりする可能性が高くなる。
図1、図3を参照して、ハイブリッド車両100は、車両外部から充電が可能な蓄電装置であるバッテリB1と、蓄電装置から与えられる電力を使用して車両を推進させるモータとして機能するモータジェネレータMG2と、燃料タンク180と、燃料タンク180から燃料が供給される内燃機関であるエンジン4と、蓄電装置の充電状態に応じて内燃機関の運転および停止を決定する制御装置60とを備える。制御装置60は、燃料タンク180内の燃料の劣化を検出すると、燃料が劣化した旨を乗員に報知する。
発電機トルクTgは、モータジェネレータMG1の回転速度NgとモータジェネレータMG1のステータコイルに流れる電流値MCRT1に対して図6に示したようなマップの関係が成立する。したがって、モータジェネレータMG1に設けられたレゾルバのような回転検出センサと、電流センサ80との出力に基づいてマップを参照すれば発電機トルクTgを求めることができる。
図3では、燃料ポンプ186を劣化燃料排出にも兼用する構成であったが、図8に示すように、燃料ポンプ186とは別に排出用ポンプ185Aを設けてもよい。
図3や、図8では、燃料ポンプ186または排出用ポンプ185Aによって燃料タンク180中の燃料を強制排出したが、図9に示すように燃料タンク180の底部付近に排出口185Bを設けてもよい。排出口185Bは、通常時は閉栓されており、燃料交換時に工具を用いて開栓する。
実施の形態1では、回転電機の出力トルクをモニタしてエンジントルクを検出し、エンジントルクが通常時よりも低下したことで燃料の劣化を検出していた。これに代えて燃料の性状を直接検出するセンサをガソリンタンクに設けても良い。
図10を参照して、ハイブリッド車両200は、燃料タンク202内に設置され燃料の性状を検知する燃料性状センサ204をさらに備える。制御装置206は、燃料タンク中の燃料性状の悪化を燃料性状センサ204の出力によって検知する。たとえば燃料性状センサ204は、燃料タンク内で気化している燃料のベーパーの圧力を検出するものであっても良い。また、たとえば、燃料の誘電率、透過率、屈折率等の変化によって燃料性状の悪化、具体的には蒸留特性の変化を検知することもできる。制御装置206は、燃料性状センサ204の出力に応じて燃料の性状が適切か否かを判断する。そして、燃料の性状が悪化している場合には、制御装置206は、報知部208に対して乗員に燃料交換を促すように報知させる。
実施の形態1,2では、燃料の劣化が検出されたらそれを報知して燃料を交換することとしていた。実施の形態3では、劣化が著しくなる前に検出してエンジンによって積極的に燃料を使用させる。なお、劣化の検出については、実施の形態1または2で説明した方法が用いられる。ただし、劣化の程度については、交換までは必要ない程度の軽い劣化で劣化判定とする。
Claims (10)
- 車両外部から充電が可能な蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置から与えられる電力を使用して車両を推進させるモータと、
燃料タンクと、
前記燃料タンクから燃料が供給される内燃機関と、
前記蓄電装置の充電状態に応じて前記内燃機関の運転および停止を決定する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料タンク内の燃料によって前記内燃機関を運転した場合に前記内燃機関から出力されるトルクが燃料性状が通常である場合に出力されるトルクに基づいて定められるトルクしきい値以下であること、または前記燃料タンク内の燃料のベーパー圧力が圧力しきい値以下であることを検出すると、燃料を交換すべき旨を乗員に報知する、ハイブリッド車両。 - 前記燃料を前記内燃機関に送らずに前記燃料タンクから排出する排出機構をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 前記排出機構は、
前記燃料を前記燃料タンクから前記内燃機関に送出する燃料ポンプと、
前記燃料ポンプから前記内燃機関にいたる送出経路に設けられた排出弁とを含む、請求項2に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記排出機構は、
前記燃料を前記燃料タンクから前記内燃機関に送出する燃料ポンプとは別に設けられ、前記燃料タンクから燃料を排出する排出用ポンプを含む、請求項2に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記排出機構は、
前記燃料タンクの底部付近に設けられ、通常走行時には閉栓されている排出口を含む、請求項2に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記燃料タンク内の燃料によって前記内燃機関を運転した場合に前記内燃機関から出力されるトルクが前記トルクしきい値以下であること、または前記燃料タンク内の燃料のベーパー圧力が前記圧力しきい値以下であることを検出した場合に、車両外部から供給される電力によって前記蓄電装置に充電することを示す外部充電指令があったときに、燃料を交換すべき旨を乗員に報知する、請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 前記内燃機関から機械的動力を受けて発電を行なう発電機をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記外部充電指令があった時に前記燃料タンク内の燃料によって前記内燃機関を運転した場合に前記内燃機関から出力されるトルクが前記トルクしきい値以下であること、または前記燃料タンク内の燃料のベーパー圧力が前記圧力しきい値以下であることが検出されていれば、車両外部から供給される電力による充電に代えて前記燃料を使用して前記発電機で発電される電力によって前記蓄電装置を充電するか否かについて乗員に問い合わせを行なう、請求項6に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記外部充電指令があった時に前記燃料タンク内の燃料によって前記内燃機関を運転した場合に前記内燃機関から出力されるトルクが前記トルクしきい値以下であること、または前記燃料タンク内の燃料のベーパー圧力が前記圧力しきい値以下であることが検出されていれば、車両外部から供給される電力による充電によって走行エネルギーを得る代わりに前記燃料を使用する前記内燃機関から走行エネルギーを得るか否かについて乗員に問い合わせを行なう、請求項6に記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 前記内燃機関とともに出力軸の回転を制御する回転電機と、
前記内燃機関、前記出力軸および前記回転電機に接続される動力分割機構とをさらに備え、
前記動力分割機構は、
前記内燃機関のトルクが伝達される第1の軸と、
前記回転電機のトルクが伝達される第2の軸と、
前記出力軸に接続される第3の軸とを有し、
前記制御装置は、前記回転電機の出力トルクに基づいて前記内燃機関の出力トルクを検出する、請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記蓄電装置の充電状態が満充電側から所定値まで低下するまでは、前記内燃機関を前記蓄電装置の充電のためには使用しない第1の走行モードで車両を走行させ、前記蓄電装置の充電状態が満充電側から前記所定値まで低下した後には目標値に前記充電状態を収束させるために前記内燃機関を前記蓄電装置の充電のために稼動させる第2の走行モードで車両を走行させる、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のハイブリッド車両。
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