JP4927001B2 - Transmission synchromesh mechanism - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a synchromesh mechanism for a transmission used in a vehicle or the like, and more particularly to a synchromesh mechanism having a multi-cone structure.

  Coupled to a type of vehicle transmission to transmit power after selecting multiple transmission gear pairs to achieve a predetermined transmission ratio and selecting either transmission gear pair to synchronize the drive side and the driven side. There is a synchronous mesh transmission that includes a synchromesh mechanism that operates and a manual operation unit or an actuator operation unit that operates the synchromesh mechanism. In the synchromesh mechanism, it is common to construct a tapered cone clutch that achieves synchronization by providing complementary tapered inner and outer cones on the drive side and driven side, and sliding them together It is. In some cases, a multi-cone structure is used in which a plurality of synchronizer rings are provided so as to be in sliding contact with a plurality of cone surfaces in order to increase the synchronization capacity, to make the speed change operation smooth and to shorten the synchronization time.

  The applicant of the present application discloses an example of the multi-cone structure synchromesh mechanism in the multi-cone synchronizer of Patent Document 1. The synchronizer of patent document 1 arrange | positions three synchronizer rings, ie, an outer ring, a middle ring, and an inner ring, between the clutch hub assembled | attached on the shaft and a gear, and an outer ring and an inner ring. Are connected to the clutch hub, the middle ring is connected to the gear, and a plurality of tapered cone clutches are constituted by these three rings. Further, as a member for pressing the outer ring, a hub sleeve that is movable in the axial direction is illustrated.

In the multi-cone synchromesh mechanism, a normal clearance is normally provided between the three ring members so that the rotating shaft and the transmission gear can freely rotate when power is not transmitted. Further, the ring member can be relatively displaced so that friction is generated when the power is transmitted and both of them rotate synchronously. For example, in order to enable relative displacement of the inner ring, a connection claw portion and an engagement hole are provided. The connecting claw is a substantially plate-like member extending in the axial direction from the end surface on the small diameter side of the inner ring, and is generally provided at about three locations in the circumferential direction. And an engagement hole is provided in a hub or an outer ring, and it comprises so that a connection claw part may have a clearance and may fit. The inner ring rotates with the hub and can be displaced relative to the hub by a clearance. Similarly, the middle ring can be configured so as to rotate together with the transmission gear and be relatively displaced with respect to the transmission gear.
JP-A-11-280786

  By the way, in the above-mentioned multi-cone structure synchromesh mechanism, the three synchronizer rings having the clearance are not strictly positioned and the mutual positional relationship is determined. May tilt. When a synchronous operation load is applied in a state where the middle ring is inclined, it is possible that the small-diameter side end face partially protruding in the axial direction is in sliding contact with the connecting claw portion of the inner ring. That is, a part of the inner peripheral cone part on the inner peripheral side of the middle ring and the outer surface of the coupling claw part are in sliding contact with each other with a slight facing area, and uneven wear occurs, and seizure may occur when the load is large. . Moreover, since the inner peripheral cone part of the middle ring is roughened even before seizure occurs, there is a risk that the function may be reduced or the life may be shortened.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above background, and even when a synchronous operation load is applied in a state where the middle ring is inclined, uneven wear does not occur in the inner peripheral cone portion, which is more reliable than in the past. To provide a synchromesh mechanism for a transmission with improved speed.

  A synchromesh mechanism for a transmission according to the present invention includes a rotating shaft having a hub projecting on the outer periphery, a transmission gear provided to be free to rotate next to the hub of the rotating shaft, the hub and the transmission gear, A middle ring that is disposed between and has a first outer peripheral cone portion on the outer peripheral side of the tapered cylindrical shape, a second inner peripheral cone portion on the inner peripheral side, and connected to the transmission gear on the large-diameter side end surface; An outer ring disposed on the outer periphery of the middle ring and having a first inner peripheral cone portion slidably contacting the first outer peripheral cone portion and coupled to the hub at a small-diameter end surface; and an inner periphery of the middle ring Inner having a second outer peripheral cone portion that is arranged and slidably contacted with the second inner peripheral cone portion, and has a connecting claw portion that extends in the axial direction from the end surface on the small diameter side and is connected to the hub or the outer ring. A ring and a shaft arranged on the outer periphery of the hub The outer ring is driven in the axial direction to drive the outer ring in the axial direction to bring the first inner cone portion and the first outer cone portion into sliding contact, and the second inner cone portion and the second outer cone. A synchromesh mechanism of a transmission comprising a sleeve that is in sliding contact with the portion, wherein the connecting claw portion of the inner ring is on the outer surface side thereof, and the end surface on the small diameter side of the middle ring when the middle ring is inclined It has the characteristic that it has the inclined surface which slidably contacts.

  Furthermore, the connecting claw portion of the inner ring has a gentle slope whose thickness increases in a direction away from the bottom of the slope, and the slope and the slope form a V-shaped groove. preferable.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the inner peripheral side of the small diameter side end surface of the middle ring that is in sliding contact with the inclined surface of the connecting claw portion is a chamfered chamfered end portion or a rounded end portion having roundness.

  Further, the inner ring may have a third inner peripheral cone portion on the inner peripheral side, and the transmission gear may have a third outer peripheral cone portion capable of sliding contact with the third inner peripheral cone portion.

  In the transmission synchromesh mechanism of the present invention, an inclined surface is provided on the outer surface side of the connecting claw portion of the inner ring, and when the middle ring is inclined, the end surface on the small diameter side is in sliding contact with the inclined surface. Therefore, the second inner peripheral cone portion on the inner peripheral side of the middle ring does not slide in contact with the connecting claw portion, and uneven wear does not occur on the cone surface. Thereby, seizure and roughening can be prevented and synchronization performance can be maintained, and the reliability of the mechanism can be improved as compared with the conventional case. Further, in the aspect in which the V-shaped groove is formed by the inclined surface and the gentle inclined surface, the second inner peripheral cone portion of the middle ring can be more reliably separated from the connecting claw portion of the inner ring.

  Moreover, in the aspect which made the inner peripheral side of the small diameter side end surface of the middle ring a chamfered end portion or a rounded end portion, it is possible to relieve stress due to sliding contact between the inclined surface of the coupling claw portion and the small diameter side end surface of the middle ring. .

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view for explaining a synchromesh mechanism of a transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention. The synchromesh mechanism 1 according to the embodiment includes a rotary shaft 2, a transmission gear 3, a middle ring 4, an outer ring 5, an inner ring 6, and a sleeve 7. The rotary shaft 2 and the transmission gear 3 having different rotational speeds are formed in a triple cone structure. Are combined after synchronization. As shown in the figure, the synchromesh mechanism 1 is configured to be generally axisymmetric about the axis A of the rotating shaft 2.

  The rotating shaft 2 is an input shaft or an output shaft of the transmission, and may be a counter shaft. As shown in the drawing, a wide flange-shaped hub 21 is integrally provided on the outer periphery of the rotary shaft 2, and an outer spline 22 is formed on the outer periphery of the hub 21. Further, an axial oil passage 25 for supplying lubricating oil is provided at the center of the rotary shaft 2, and two radial oil passages 26, 27 are branched from the axial oil passage 25 in the radial direction to rotate the rotary shaft. 2 is open on the outer periphery. The first radial oil passage 26 is for lubricating the cone surface where the three rings 4, 5, 6 are in sliding contact with each other, and the second radial oil passage 27 is for supporting the transmission gear 3. It is for lubricating the needle bearing part 31 to be performed.

  The transmission gear 3 is arranged on the right side in the axial direction view of the hub 21 of the rotary shaft 2 and is held by the needle bearing portion 31 so as to be free to rotate as described above. Teeth 32 that engage with other gears (not shown) are provided on the outer periphery of the transmission gear 3, and a gear piece 33 is provided integrally on the left side. An outer spline 34 having the same diameter and the same pitch as the outer spline 22 of the hub 21 is formed on the outer periphery of the gear piece 33. Engaging portions 35 for connecting and holding the middle ring 5 are formed at three positions in the circumferential direction of the left side surface of the gear piece 33 in the drawing. In addition, a sliding contact portion 36 having a tapered cylindrical shape protrudes from the inner periphery of the left side surface of the gear piece 33 toward the left. A third outer peripheral cone portion 37 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the sliding contact portion 36.

  An inner ring 6, a middle ring 4, and an outer ring 5 are provided in order from the inside on the outer periphery of the sliding contact portion 36 between the hub 21 and the gear piece 33. These are generally called synchronizer rings. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a sliding contact portion where the three synchronizer rings 4 to 6 are in sliding contact with each other.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the middle ring 4 has a tapered cylindrical shape, and has a first outer peripheral cone portion 41 on the outer peripheral side and a second inner peripheral cone portion 42 on the inner peripheral side. Moreover, the connection nail | claw part 44 is extended toward the right side from the three places of the circumferential direction of the large diameter side end surface 43 of the right side of the middle ring 4 in the figure, respectively. The connecting claw portion 44 is fitted and connected to the engaging portion 35 of the gear piece 33 with a clearance. Therefore, the middle ring 4 rotates with the gear piece 33 and can be displaced relative to the gear piece 33, and the middle ring 4 may be inclined with respect to the gear piece 33. In addition, the inner peripheral side of the small diameter side end face 45 on the left side of the middle ring 4 in the drawing is chamfered to form a chamfered inclined surface 46 corresponding to the chamfered end portion of the present invention.

  The outer ring 5 is a member that is disposed on the outer periphery of the middle ring 4 and has a tapered cylindrical main body 51. A first inner peripheral cone portion 52 is formed on the inner peripheral side of the main body 51, and the first inner peripheral cone portion 52 can be slidably contacted with the first outer peripheral cone portion 41 of the middle ring 4. An outer flange 53 protrudes radially outward from the right side of the main body 51 in the drawing, and an outer spline 54 having the same diameter and pitch as the outer spline 22 of the hub 21 is formed on the outer edge of the outer flange 53. Is formed. Pressed portions 55 with which a synchro key 72 (to be described later) abuts are formed at three locations in the circumferential direction on the left side of the outer casing-shaped portion 53 in the drawing. Inner flanges 56 project radially inward from the left side of the main body 51 in the drawing, and engagement holes 57 are formed at three locations in the circumferential direction of the inner flange 56, respectively. The inner flange 56 is held in the recess 23 on the left side of the hub 21 with a clearance. Therefore, the outer ring 5 rotates together with the hub 21 and can be displaced relative to the hub 21.

  The inner ring 6 is a tapered cylindrical member disposed on the inner periphery of the middle ring 4. A second outer peripheral cone portion 61 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the inner ring 6, and the second outer peripheral cone portion 61 can be slidably contacted with the second inner peripheral cone portion 42 of the middle ring 4. A third inner circumferential cone portion 62 is formed on the inner circumferential side of the inner ring 6, and the third inner circumferential cone portion 62 can be slidably contacted with the third inner circumferential cone portion 37 of the sliding contact portion 36 of the gear piece 33. Yes. A connecting claw portion 64 extends leftward from each of three locations in the circumferential direction of the small-diameter side end surface 63 on the left side of the inner ring 6 in the drawing. The connection claw portion 64 is fitted and connected to the engagement hole 57 of the inner collar portion 56 of the outer ring 5 with a clearance. Therefore, the inner ring 6 rotates together with the outer ring 5 and the hub 21 and can be displaced relative to the outer ring 5 and the hub 21. A V-shaped groove 65 is formed on the outer surface side of the connecting claw portion 64.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged view for explaining the V-shaped groove 65 formed on the outer surface side of the coupling claw portion 64 of the inner ring 6. As shown in the figure, the V-shaped groove 65 has an inclined surface 66 that is high on the left side and low on the right side in the drawing, and gradually increases in thickness in a direction away from the right bottom 67 of the inclined surface 66 toward the right side in the axial direction. A gentle slope 68 is formed. The inclination of the gentle slope 68 substantially coincides with the inclination of the second outer peripheral cone portion 61.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the sleeve 7 has an inner spline 71 and is fitted to the outer spline 22 on the outer periphery of the hub 21 so as to be movable in the left and right directions in the axial direction. The inner spline 71 of the sleeve 7 is also fitted to the outer spline 54 of the outer ring 5 and the outer spline 34 of the gear piece 33 by moving to the right in the axial direction. Between the inner periphery of the sleeve 7 and the hub 21, there are three spaces in the circumferential direction, and a synchro key 72 is disposed in each space. The synchro key 72 is urged outward in the radial direction by the urging spring 73 and can move left and right in the axial direction.

  The sleeve 7 and the synchro key 72 have a well-known general structure, and the outline of the function is as follows. That is, when the sleeve 7 is operated to the right in the axial direction by an operation unit (not shown), the sync key 72 first moves together to contact the pressed portion 55 of the outer ring 6 and press it. The outer ring 6 is driven in the right direction, and the first inner peripheral cone part 52 is in sliding contact with the first outer peripheral cone part 41 of the middle ring 4. By this sliding contact, the middle ring 6 is driven in the right direction, and the second inner peripheral cone portion 42 comes into sliding contact with the second outer peripheral cone portion of the inner ring 6. Further, the inner ring 6 is also driven rightward, and the third outer peripheral cone portion 62 is in sliding contact with the third outer peripheral cone portion 37 of the gear piece 33. By the sliding contact on the three cone surfaces, the rotation shaft 2 and the transmission gear 3 are synchronized in a short time. After the synchronization, only the sleeve 7 moves in the axial direction and is fitted and coupled to the outer ring 5 and the outer splines 54 and 34 of the gear piece 33 so as to transmit power reliably.

  Next, the operation and action of the synchromesh mechanism 1 of the embodiment will be described in comparison with the conventional configuration. As described above, the three synchronizer rings 4, 5, 6 can be relatively displaced. Therefore, the postures are always maintained parallel to the rotating shaft 2, and the inner and outer peripheral cone surfaces are not always in sliding contact with each other. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the middle ring 5 is inclined with respect to the rotating shaft 2. In this example, the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 6 are inclined in a state where the upper small diameter side end face 45H of the inclined middle ring 5 protrudes leftward in the figure and the lower small diameter side end face 45L recedes rightward in the figure. Without maintaining the posture parallel to the rotation axis 2. In the state of FIG. 4, the second inner peripheral cone portion 41 of the middle ring 4 and the second outer peripheral cone surface 61 of the inner ring 6 cannot be slid over the entire surface. The middle ring 4 may come into sliding contact with the connecting claw portion 64 of the inner ring 6.

  FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a sliding contact state between the inclined middle ring 4 and the connecting claw portion 64 in FIG. 4. As shown in the drawing, the middle ring 4 is slidably contacted with the inclined surface 66 of the connecting claw portion 64 at the chamfered inclined surface 46 on the inner peripheral side of the small diameter side end surface 45H. In this state, even if a load F1 for synchronous operation is applied, the load F1 acts in a direction in which the chamfered inclined surface 46 and the inclined surface 66 are pressed against each other. Therefore, the load F1 does not act on the second inner peripheral cone portion 41 of the middle ring 4, and a part of the second inner peripheral cone portion 41 does not slide and contact with the connecting claw portion 64 so that uneven wear does not occur.

  In addition, by providing the gentle inclined surface 68 on the opposite side of the inclined surface 66 to form the V-shaped groove 65, the second inner peripheral cone portion 41 of the middle ring can be more reliably separated. Furthermore, by providing the middle ring 4 with the chamfered inclined surface 46, it is possible to relieve stress due to sliding contact at a sharp edge. The effect of relieving stress can be obtained similarly by using a rounded end portion having roundness instead of the chamfered inclined surface 46.

  On the other hand, the operation when the middle ring 4 is inclined in the conventional configuration will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a sliding contact state between the inclined middle ring 4 and the connecting claw portion 64 in the conventional configuration. In the conventional configuration, the outer surface of the connecting claw portion 64 is a flat surface 69. For this reason, the middle ring 4 is in sliding contact with the chamfered inclined surface 46, the second inner peripheral cone portion 41, and the flat surface 69 of the connecting claw portion 64 at the boundary line therebetween. In this state, when a synchronous operation load F2 is applied, the load F2 acts in a direction in which the second inner peripheral cone portion 41 and the flat surface 69 are pressed against each other. Accordingly, the load F2 acts on the second inner peripheral cone portion 41 of the middle ring 4 to cause uneven wear, and seizure may occur when the load F2 is large.

  As described above, in the synchromesh mechanism 1 of the present embodiment, the V-shaped groove 65 is provided on the outer surface of the connecting claw portion 64. Therefore, even when the middle ring 4 is inclined, the second inner peripheral cone portion 41 is connected to the connecting claw. There is no sliding contact with the portion 64 and no uneven wear occurs. Therefore, the reliability could be improved more than before. In addition, the 3rd outer periphery cone part 37 of the gear piece 33 and the 3rd inner periphery cone part 62 of the inner ring 6 are not essential, and this invention can be implemented also with a double cone structure.

It is an axial direction sectional view explaining the synchromesh mechanism of the transmission of the example of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a sliding contact portion where three synchronizer rings are in sliding contact with each other in the embodiment of FIG. 1. In the Example of FIG.1 and FIG.2, it is an enlarged view explaining the V-shaped groove formed in the outer surface side of the connection nail | claw part of an inner ring. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state where a middle ring is inclined with respect to a rotation axis in the embodiment of FIG. 1. It is an enlarged view which shows the sliding contact state of the middle ring which inclined in FIG. 4, and a connection nail | claw part. In a conventional structure, it is a figure which shows the sliding contact state of the inclined middle ring and a connection nail | claw part.

Explanation of symbols

1: Transmission synchromesh mechanism 2: Rotating shaft
21: Hub 22: Outer spline 23: Concave portion 3: Transmission gear
33: Gear piece 35: Engagement part
4: Middle ring
41: 1st outer periphery cone part 42: 2nd inner periphery cone part
43: Large diameter side end surface 44: Connection claw part
45, 45H, 45L: Small-diameter side end surface 46: Chamfered inclined surface (chamfered end)
5: Outering
52: 1st inner periphery cone part 57: Engagement hole 6: Inner ring
61: Outer cone part 63: Small diameter side end face
64: Connection claw part 65: V-shaped groove
66: inclined surface 67: bottom of inclined surface 68: gentle slope 7: sleeve
72: Synchro key

Claims (4)

A rotating shaft having a hub projecting on the outer periphery, a transmission gear provided so as to be free to rotate next to the hub of the rotating shaft, and a tapered cylindrical outer periphery disposed between the hub and the transmission gear A middle ring that has a first outer cone part on the side and a second inner cone part on the inner circumference side and is connected to the transmission gear at the large-diameter side end face, and is disposed on the outer circumference of the middle ring and An outer ring connected to the hub at a small-diameter side end surface and having a first inner peripheral cone portion slidably contacted with the outer peripheral cone portion; An inner ring having a second outer peripheral cone portion that can be slidably contacted and extending in the axial direction from an end surface on the small diameter side and connected to the hub or the outer ring, and a shaft disposed on the outer periphery of the hub The outer ring when operated in the direction A transmission comprising a sleeve that is driven to slidably contact the first inner peripheral cone portion and the first outer peripheral cone portion, and further slidably contact the second inner peripheral cone portion and the second outer peripheral cone portion. A synchromesh mechanism,
The synchromesh mechanism for a transmission, wherein the connecting claw portion of the inner ring has an inclined surface on an outer surface side thereof, which is in contact with a small-diameter side end surface of the middle ring when the middle ring is inclined.   The connecting claw portion of the inner ring has a gentle slope whose thickness increases in a direction away from the bottom of the slope, and the slope and the slope form a V-shaped groove. The synchromesh mechanism of the described transmission.   The inner peripheral side of the small diameter side end surface of the middle ring that is in sliding contact with the inclined surface of the connecting claw portion is a chamfered chamfered end portion or a rounded end portion having roundness. A synchromesh mechanism for a transmission according to any one of the above.   The inner ring has a third inner peripheral cone portion on an inner peripheral side, and the transmission gear has a third outer peripheral cone portion that can slide in contact with the third inner peripheral cone portion. The synchromesh mechanism of the transmission according to one item.

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