JP4923921B2 - Liquid crystal device and electronic device - Google Patents

Description

The present technology relates to a liquid crystal device that operates in a lateral electric field type operation mode, and an electronic apparatus using the liquid crystal device.

  Currently, liquid crystal devices are widely used in electronic devices such as mobile phones, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), car navigation systems, and the like. For example, a liquid crystal device is used as a display unit for displaying various types of information regarding electronic devices as images. As this liquid crystal device, a vertical electric field type liquid crystal device and a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device are known.

  As represented by a TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal device, a vertical electric field type liquid crystal device is provided with electrodes on each of a pair of substrates facing each other across a liquid crystal layer, and a voltage is applied to these electrodes. Thus, a vertical electric field, that is, a so-called vertical electric field is generated with respect to those substrates, and the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is controlled by the vertical electric field, thereby modulating the light passing through the liquid crystal layer.

  On the other hand, in a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, a common electrode and a pixel electrode are provided on one of a pair of substrates opposed to each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and a voltage is applied to these electrodes to the substrates. On the other hand, a parallel electric field, that is, a so-called lateral electric field is generated, and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is controlled by the lateral electric field, thereby modulating light passing through the liquid crystal layer (for example, Patent Document 1 or Patent Reference 2).

  In a vertical electric field type liquid crystal device, the liquid crystal molecules are driven in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. Therefore, when the viewing angle of the display surface of the liquid crystal device changes (viewing angle), the liquid crystal molecules are viewed from different angles. Even when the molecule is driven in a light transmitting state, it has a property that light cannot be visually recognized only by changing the viewing angle within a narrow angle range. This property is said to have a narrow viewing angle or a narrow viewing angle.

  On the other hand, in a lateral electric field type liquid crystal device, liquid crystal molecules are driven by a lateral electric field parallel to the substrate, so that the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled in a plane parallel to the substrate, so that the viewing angle changes. However, there is no change in the viewing angle of the liquid crystal molecules, and therefore, the display according to the alignment control of the liquid crystal molecules can be visually recognized within a wide viewing angle range. This property is said to have a wide viewing angle or a wide viewing angle.

  In a vertical electric field type liquid crystal device, an electrode is provided on each of the pair of substrates. Therefore, even when strong static electricity is generated outside the liquid crystal device, the electrode on the side where the static electricity is generated functions as a shield, The liquid crystal layer inside the device is not adversely affected and normal display can be maintained. On the other hand, in a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, a pair of electrodes for generating an electric field is provided on one substrate, and no electrode is provided on the other substrate. For this reason, when static electricity is generated outside the liquid crystal device, charges remain on the substrate on which no electrode is provided, and this residual charge may adversely affect the liquid crystal layer and cause display defects. .

  In order to solve this problem, in a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, a conductive film is provided on a substrate on which no electrode is provided, and static electricity from the outside is shielded (shielded) by the conductive film, thereby causing a display abnormality. There is known a technique for preventing the above-described problem (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  Also known is a technique for reducing light reflection on the display surface of a liquid crystal device using two (λ / 4) phase difference plates regardless of whether it is a horizontal electric field type or a vertical electric field type. (For example, see Patent Document 4).

JP-A-11-202356 (pages 6-7, FIG. 2) JP 2001-51263 A (pages 6-7, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-149085 (page 3, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-188420 (pages 3 to 4, FIG. 1)

  According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3, external static electricity adversely affects an internal liquid crystal layer by providing a conductive layer on a substrate on which no electrode is provided in a lateral electric field type liquid crystal device. It can be blocked and the occurrence of display defects can be prevented. However, when a conductive film is provided on the substrate, the external light is reflected by the conductive layer in an environment where external light such as sunlight or room light irradiates the liquid crystal device. There is a problem that the display becomes difficult to see, or the normally black “black” is visually recognized in a floating state and the appearance looks very bad.

  Under such circumstances, it may be recalled that the reflected light is suppressed by using the (λ / 4) phase difference plate disclosed in Patent Document 4. However, Patent Document 4 does not have a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device in mind, but considers the case where a conductive layer for electrostatic countermeasures is provided on a substrate on which no electrode is provided in the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device. not. Therefore, when a conductive layer for electrostatic countermeasures is provided on a substrate on which no electrode is provided in a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, light reflection at the conductive layer is performed using a (λ / 4) retardation layer. It cannot be easily recalled, for example, to suppress or at what position the (λ / 4) retardation layer should be provided with respect to the conductive layer.

The present technology has been made in view of the above problems, and can prevent deterioration in display quality due to static electricity while being a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, and also display quality due to generation of reflected light. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device that can prevent the deterioration of the liquid crystal display.
In addition, although the present technology uses a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, the display quality does not deteriorate due to the influence of static electricity, and the display quality does not deteriorate due to the generation of reflected light. The purpose is to provide.

A first liquid crystal device according to the present technology includes a first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching a liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing layer provided on the first substrate side, and a first substrate provided on the second substrate side. A conductive layer provided between the first polarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer, the two polarizing layers, the common electrode and the pixel electrode provided on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the second substrate with an interlayer insulating film interposed therebetween A layer, a first retardation layer provided between the first polarizing layer and the conductive layer, and a second retardation layer provided between the conductive layer and the liquid crystal layer. Features.

  In the above configuration, the “first polarizing layer provided on the first substrate side” means that the first polarizing layer is provided on the surface of the first substrate by sticking or the first substrate itself is formed by a polarizing plate. Including being done. The “second polarizing layer provided on the second substrate side” has the same meaning. “On the surface of the second substrate on the liquid crystal layer side” includes both the case of contacting the surface of the second substrate and the case of leaving the surface of the second substrate. The first retardation layer and the second retardation layer are optical element layers that convert polarized light passing through these layers between linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light or between linearly polarized light and elliptically polarized light.

The conductive layer is formed of, for example, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide). Although it is conceivable to form a conductive layer by containing conductive particles in a dispersed state inside the resin film, in this technique the conductive layer is formed as a layer that does not contain particles inside by a film material such as ITO or IZO. It is desirable to do. IZO is a conductive material mainly composed of indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) and has a light transmitting property.

The liquid crystal device described above is a lateral electric field type liquid crystal device having a configuration in which two electrodes of a common electrode and a pixel electrode are provided on one substrate. In this liquid crystal device, external electrostatic charges remain on the substrate on which no electrode is formed, and the residual charges may adversely affect the lateral electric field in the liquid crystal layer and cause display defects. However, in the present technology , since the conductive layer is provided on the first substrate, which is the substrate on which the electrode is not formed, charges can be transmitted to the outside through the conductive layer and escape from the liquid crystal device. The influence on the electric field can be prevented, and the occurrence of display defects can be prevented.

When a conductive layer is provided on the first substrate, external light is reflected by the conductive layer, and the reflected light is visually recognized by an observer, which may make it difficult to see the display. However, in the present technology , since the first retardation layer is provided on the conductive layer, the polarization state of the external light reflected by the conductive layer changes according to the action of the first retardation layer, and the reflected light is emitted to the outside. This is restricted or prevented by the first polarizing layer. In this way, it is possible to prevent the reflected light from the conductive layer from going outside and prevent the display from becoming difficult to see.

By the way, when the first retardation layer is provided between the first polarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer as described above, the polarization is controlled when light contributing to display in the liquid crystal device passes through the first retardation layer, and thereafter When the light passes through the first polarizing layer, the amount of light decreases. If this happens, the display may become dark and difficult to see. In contrast, in the present technology , since the second retardation layer is provided at a position closer to the liquid crystal layer than the first retardation layer, the mode of polarization control by the first retardation layer is changed by the second retardation layer. be able to. In this case, if the optical axis of the second retardation layer is set so that the polarized light transmitted through the first retardation layer is easily transmitted through the first polarizing layer, a decrease in the amount of light can be prevented and a bright display can be obtained. be able to. For example, if the optical axis of the first retardation layer and the optical axis of the second retardation layer are arranged orthogonally, a decrease in light amount can be suppressed.

Next, in the liquid crystal device according to the present technology , it is preferable that the first retardation layer is provided in contact with the conductive layer. Here, “contact” includes the case where the first retardation layer is in direct contact with the conductive layer and the case where the first retardation layer is adhered to the conductive layer via an adhesive. This embodiment stipulates that the first retardation layer is provided immediately above the conductive layer without leaving a space. With this configuration, it is possible to effectively prevent the light reflected by the conductive layer from going out.

Next, in the liquid crystal device according to the present technology , it is preferable that the optical axis of the first retardation layer and the optical axis of the second retardation layer are orthogonal to each other. With this configuration, it is possible to effectively prevent the first polarizing layer from reducing the amount of transmitted light that passes through the liquid crystal layer and contributes to display, and a bright display can be provided.

Next, in the liquid crystal device according to the present technology , the angle formed by the transmission axis of the first polarizing layer and the optical axis of the first retardation layer is 45 °, and the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer and the second axis The angle formed by the optical axis of the retardation layer is preferably 45 °. With this configuration, it is possible to effectively prevent the amount of transmitted light that transmits through the liquid crystal layer and contributes to display from being reduced by the first polarizing layer.

Next, in the liquid crystal device according to the present technology , the second retardation layer is provided on the surface of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer, and the conductive layer is provided in contact with the second retardation layer. The first retardation layer is preferably provided in contact with the conductive layer. In this configuration, on the outside of the first substrate, the second retardation layer, the conductive layer, and the first retardation layer are stacked in that order in contact with or apart from the first substrate. It defines the configuration to be performed.

  In the above configuration, the configuration in which “the second retardation layer is provided on the surface of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer” is the case where the second retardation layer is in direct contact with the surface of the first substrate. This includes the case where the two retardation layer is adhered to the surface of the first substrate with an adhesive and the case where the second retardation layer is provided on the surface of the first substrate with a gap. Further, “in contact with” includes the case of direct contact without any inclusions and the case of adhesion with an adhesive.

In the embodiment of the present technology, it is desirable that the conductive layer and the first substrate are conductively connected to each other. This is because the electric charge is favorably dispersed by the conductive layer.

Next, in the liquid crystal device according to the present technology , the conductive layer is provided in contact with the surface of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer, and the first retardation layer is provided in contact with the conductive layer. Preferably, the second retardation layer is provided between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer. In this configuration, the laminated structure of the conductive layer and the first retardation layer is provided outside the first substrate, and the second retardation layer is formed inside the first substrate (that is, the liquid crystal layer side, that is, inside the liquid crystal cell). The configuration to be included is specified. In the above configuration, the “contact” technique includes the case of direct contact without any inclusions and the case of adhesion by an adhesive (preferably a conductive adhesive). According to the embodiment of the present technology, by providing the first substrate and the conductive layer in contact with each other, conduction between the two is ensured, and the electric charge is favorably distributed by the conductive layer.

Next, the liquid crystal device according to the present technology may further include a colored film layer provided on the liquid crystal side surface of the first substrate and an overcoat layer covering the colored film layer. In this case, the second retardation layer is preferably provided in contact with the surface of the overcoat layer on the liquid crystal layer side. This configuration defines a configuration in which a second retardation layer is formed between a liquid crystal layer and a colored film layer that forms a color filter inside the liquid crystal cell.

Next, a second liquid crystal device according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a first substrate and a second substrate that sandwich a liquid crystal layer, and forms an electric field between a pair of electrodes provided on the second substrate. In the liquid crystal device for controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, the first polarizing layer provided on the first substrate side and transmitting linearly polarized light and not transmitting other polarized light, and provided on the second substrate side. Static electricity is provided between the second polarizing layer having a transmission axis perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizing layer, and transmitting linearly polarized light but not transmitting other polarized light, and between the first polarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer. A conductive layer that escapes to the surface, a first retardation layer that is provided between the first polarizing layer and the conductive layer and converts polarized light between linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light, and the conductive layer and the liquid crystal layer. Provided between the linearly polarized light and the circularly polarized light, and converts the polarized light to the first retardation layer. And having a second retardation layer whose optical axes are orthogonal.

This technique is to define a first liquid crystal device according to the present technology described above from another perspective. According to the second liquid crystal device, since the conductive layer is provided on the first substrate which is the substrate on which the electrode is not formed in the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, the charge can be transmitted to the outside through the conductive layer. It is possible to prevent the electric field in the layer from being affected and to prevent display defects.
In addition, since the first retardation layer is provided on the conductive layer, the polarization state of the external light reflected by the conductive layer changes according to the action of the first retardation layer, and the reflected light is emitted to the outside. Regulated or blocked by the polarizing layer. In this way, it is possible to prevent the reflected light from the conductive layer from going outside and prevent the display from becoming difficult to see.
Furthermore, since the second retardation layer is provided at a position closer to the liquid crystal layer than the first retardation layer, the mode of polarization control by the first retardation layer can be changed by the second retardation layer. In this case, if the optical axis of the second retardation layer is set so that the polarized light transmitted through the first retardation layer is easily transmitted through the first polarizing layer, a decrease in the amount of light can be prevented and a bright display can be obtained. be able to.

Next, an electronic apparatus according to the present technology includes the liquid crystal device having the above-described configuration. In the liquid crystal device according to the present technology , the display layer caused by static electricity is eliminated by the action of the conductive layer and the pair of retardation layers sandwiching the conductive layer, the display is not darkened, and high display quality can be obtained. . Therefore, even in an electronic apparatus according to the present technology using this liquid crystal device, even if it is used in a place where static electricity is likely to be generated, display defects do not occur and a bright display can be realized.

(First Embodiment of Liquid Crystal Device)
Hereinafter, as an example of a liquid crystal device, an embodiment of the present technology will be described by exemplifying a case where the present technology is applied to an active matrix type liquid crystal device capable of color display. In this embodiment, the present technology is applied to a liquid crystal device using a channel-etched type single-gate polysilicon TFT element as a switching element. In the liquid crystal device according to the present embodiment, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode is adopted as an operation mode. Needless to say, the present technology is not limited to this embodiment. In the drawings used in the following description, the dimensions of a plurality of constituent elements may be shown in different ratios from actual ones in order to easily show the characteristic portions.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal device according to the present technology . FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the vicinity of one subpixel indicated by the arrow Z2 in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a planar structure according to the Z3-Z3 line of FIG. FIG. 2 corresponds to a cross section according to the Z2-Z2 line of FIG. In these drawings, the row direction of pixels arranged in a matrix is indicated by a symbol X, and the column direction is indicated by a symbol Y.

  In FIG. 1, the liquid crystal device 1 includes a liquid crystal panel 2 and a lighting device 3. Regarding the liquid crystal device 1, the side on which the arrow A is drawn is the observation side, and the illumination device 3 is disposed on the opposite side to the observation side with respect to the liquid crystal panel 2 and functions as a backlight. The liquid crystal panel 2 includes a first substrate 5 and a second substrate 6 which are bonded to each other by a rectangular or square annular sealing material 4 when viewed from the direction of the arrow A. The first substrate 5 is a color filter substrate on which a color filter is formed. The second substrate 6 is an element substrate on which switching elements are formed. In this embodiment, the color filter substrate 5 is disposed on the observation side, and the element substrate 6 is disposed on the back as viewed from the observation side.

  The sealing material 4 forms a gap, so-called cell gap G, between the color filter substrate 5 and the element substrate 6. The height of the cell gap G is maintained by a plurality of columnar spacers 7 provided in the liquid crystal panel 2. In the present embodiment, the cell gap G is set to 3.5 μm. The columnar spacer 7 is usually formed by patterning a photosensitive resin by photolithography. The columnar spacer 7 may be formed on either the color filter substrate 5 or the element substrate 6, but is formed on the surface of the color filter substrate 5 in this embodiment.

  The sealing material 4 has a liquid crystal injection port (not shown) in a part thereof, and liquid crystal as an electro-optical material is injected between the color filter substrate 5 and the element substrate 6 through the liquid crystal injection port. The injected liquid crystal forms a liquid crystal layer 9 within the cell gap G. The liquid crystal injection port is sealed with a sealant after the liquid crystal injection is completed. In the figure, the liquid crystal layer 9 is indicated by a broken line, but this broken line does not indicate the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules, but merely indicates that liquid crystal exists.

In the present embodiment, a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy (so-called negative liquid crystal) is used as the liquid crystal. With respect to the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, the long axis direction of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules epsilon _‖ = 10, the minor axis direction of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules is epsilon _⊥ = 4. The magnitude of refractive index anisotropy is Δn = 0.1. Note that a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy (so-called positive liquid crystal) can be used instead of the nematic liquid crystal.

  In FIG. 1, the illumination device 3 includes an LED (Light Emitting Diode) 11 as a light source and a flat light guide 12. As the light source, in addition to a point light source such as an LED, a linear light source such as a cold cathode tube can be used. The light guide 12 is formed, for example, by molding a light-transmitting resin as a material. The side surface facing the LED 11 is a light incident surface 12a, and the surface facing the liquid crystal panel 2 is a light emitting surface 12b. is there. A light reflecting film 13 is provided on the back surface of the light guide 12 as viewed from the observation side indicated by the arrow A, if necessary. Moreover, the light-diffusion film 14 is provided in the light-projection surface 12b of the light guide 12 as needed.

  The element substrate 6 has a second light-transmitting substrate 6a that is rectangular or square when viewed from the direction of the arrow A. The second light transmissive substrate 6a is formed of, for example, light transmissive glass, light transmissive plastic, or the like. The 2nd polarizing plate 15b is affixed on the outer surface of the 2nd translucent board | substrate 6a. On the other hand, the gate line 18 and the common line 21 are formed on the inner surface of the second translucent substrate 6a so as to extend in the row direction X in parallel with each other, as shown in FIG. Yes. A plurality of substantially rectangular common electrodes 32 are provided on the substrate 6a between the gate lines 18 adjacent to each other. These common electrodes 32 are formed so that a part of the common electrode 32 overlaps the common line 21, whereby the common electrode 32 and the common line 21 are electrically connected.

  On the gate line 18 and the common electrode 32, a gate insulating film 19 which is a planar resin film covering them is formed, and a source line 20 is formed extending in the column direction Y thereon. In FIG. 3, the sub-pixel Px is set in a rectangular region surrounded by the gate line 18 and the source line 20. The common electrode 32 is included in the subpixel Px. In this embodiment, color display is performed with three colors of R (red), G (green), and B (blue), and the sub-pixel Px is a unit pixel corresponding to each color, and the three colors One pixel is constituted by a group of corresponding sub-pixels Px. A display region V is configured by arranging a plurality of sub-pixels Px in a matrix (matrix) as viewed from the direction of arrow A in FIG. In FIG. 1, the dimensions of the sub-pixel Px with respect to the liquid crystal panel 2 are drawn much larger than the actual dimensions in order to easily show the structure inside the sub-pixel Px.

  In FIG. 3, a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) element 22 which is an active element functioning as a switching element is provided in the vicinity of the intersection between the gate line 18 and the source line 20. The TFT element 22 is formed as a channel etch type polysilicon TFT having a bottom gate structure and a single gate structure. 2, the TFT element 22 includes a gate electrode 18a which is a part of the gate line 18, a gate insulating film 19, a semiconductor film 23 formed using polysilicon, a source electrode 25, and a drain electrode 26. And have. The source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26 are electrode terminals of the TFT element 22 that is a switching element. The source electrode 25 is branched from the source line 20 as shown in the lower right of FIG. Although the TFT element 22 of the present embodiment has a bottom gate structure, it may be a top gate structure.

  In FIG. 2, a passivation film (protective film) 29 that is a planar resin film for covering the TFT element 22 and the source line 20 is provided on the gate insulating film 19. The passivation film 29 is made of, for example, a photosensitive resin. A pixel electrode 34 is provided on the passivation film 29, and an alignment film 35b is provided thereon. In FIG. 3, the alignment film 35b is not shown. In FIG. 2, a through hole 36 is formed inside the passivation film 29 in the upper region of the drain electrode 26 of the TFT element 22, and the pixel electrode 34 and the drain electrode 26 are conductively connected through the through hole 36.

The common electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 34 are formed of a translucent metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). The passivation film 29 and the gate insulating film 19 function as an interlayer insulating film provided between the common electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 34, respectively, and as an overcoat layer that is a resin film for covering other elements. Function. The passivation film 29 and the gate insulating film 19 are made of, for example, acrylic resin, SiN (silicon nitride), or SiO ₂ (silicon oxide). The alignment film 35b is made of polyimide, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the pixel electrode 34 is formed in a rectangular planar shape corresponding to the sub-pixel Px, and has a plurality of slits 37 therein. The slit 37 is a groove-like opening that penetrates the pixel electrode 34, and the passivation film 29 that is the lower layer of the pixel electrode 34 can be seen through the slit 37. In addition, the plurality of slits 37 are provided in parallel along the column direction Y while being spaced apart from each other with the upper end inclined to the right side along the row direction X. A band-like pixel electrode 34 a is disposed between the slits 37.

  In the present embodiment, both short sides of the slit 37 are closed, but one of both short sides of the slit 37 can be open. In the open state, each of the plurality of strip-like electrodes 34a is in a cantilever state, and has a comb-like shape as a whole.

Lateral oblique electric field for realizing the FFS mode (i.e., a parabolic electric field) to be able to form, in FIG. 2, the distance D ₀ along the substrate surface between the strip pixel electrode 34a and the common electrode 32 smaller than the thickness D ₁ of the liquid crystal layer 9, namely
D ₁ > D ₀
Is set to In particular, in the present embodiment, the common electrode 32 is provided in a planar shape (so-called solid shape) in the sub-pixel region Px on the substrate 6a, and therefore D ₀ = 0 (zero). If slits are formed in the common electrode 32 in the same manner as the pixel electrode 34 to form a band-like portion, D ₀ ≠ 0 can be established. By widening the distance between the strip-shaped common electrode thus formed and the strip-shaped pixel electrode 34a,
D ₁ <D ₀
IPS mode can be realized instead of the FFS mode.

  The arrangement configuration of the oblique slits 37 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 3. For example, the inclination directions of the individual slits 37 are arranged symmetrically in the column direction Y with respect to the center in the longitudinal direction (column direction Y) of the sub-pixel Px. You can also That is, the upper half of the right half in the sub-pixel Px can be inclined to the right, and the upper half can be inclined to the left in the left half.

  In FIG. 1, the gate insulating film 19 and the passivation film 29, each of which is an overcoat layer, are not only provided in a region surrounded by the sealing material 4, but also in a wide region on the substrate 5a beyond the sealing material 4. Is formed as an overcoat layer. The passivation film 29 and the gate insulating film 19 are formed up to the side edge of the substrate 6a over substantially the entire circumference of the substrate 6a. However, the side edge portion on the side where a driving IC 53 to be described later is mounted is a passivation film. Although 29 and the like exceed the sealing material 4, they are not provided in the region for mounting the driving IC 53.

  In FIG. 1, the color filter substrate 5 facing the element substrate 6 includes a first light-transmitting substrate 5 a that is rectangular or square when viewed from the direction of arrow A. The first translucent substrate 5a is made of, for example, translucent glass or translucent plastic. A second retardation layer 39, a conductive layer 40, and a first retardation layer 41 are laminated in this order on the outer surface of the first light transmissive substrate 5a. A first polarizing plate 15 a is attached on the first retardation layer 41. In the present embodiment, both the first retardation layer 41 and the second retardation layer 39 are formed by (λ / 4) plates (that is, quarter-wave plates).

  The second (λ / 4) plate 39, the conductive layer 40, and the first (λ / 4) plate 41 are provided in contact with each other. The term “contact” refers to a state in which members facing each other are in direct contact without any inclusions, or a state in which members facing each other are bonded by an adhesive. These membrane elements 39, 40, 41 are not limited to being in contact with each other, and there may be some inclusions between them, or there may be a space between them. .

  The conductive layer 40 and the first translucent substrate 5 a are electrically connected by the conductive means 42. Specifically, they are connected to each other by a conductive wire or a conductive paste, or are connected by conductive particles or the like in a region inside the liquid crystal panel 2 that does not contribute to display. In these cases, conductive wires, conductive paste, conductive particles, etc. act as the conductive means 42.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a colored film 44 constituting a color filter is formed on the inner surface of the first light transmissive substrate 5a, and a light shielding film 45 is formed around the colored film 44. Each colored film 44 is formed in a rectangular or square dot shape (that is, an island shape) corresponding to the sub-pixel Px when viewed from the arrow A direction. A plurality of the colored films 44 are arranged in a matrix in the row direction X and the column direction Y when viewed from the arrow A direction. The light shielding film 45 is formed in a lattice shape surrounding the colored films 44.

  Each of the colored films 44 is set to have an optical characteristic that allows one of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) to pass through. The colored films 44 of R, G, and B are viewed from the direction of the arrow A. They are arranged in a predetermined arrangement, for example, a stripe arrangement, a mosaic arrangement, or a delta arrangement. If the stripe arrangement is adopted, in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the same colors of R, G, B are arranged in the column direction Y, and R, G, B are alternately arranged one by one in the row direction X one after another. The optical characteristics of the colored film 44 are not limited to the three colors R, G, and B, but are set to three colors C (cyan), M (magenta), and Y (yellow), or other four colors or more. You can also. The light shielding film 45 is formed as a resin film by overlapping two or three colors of colored films 44 of different colors. The light shielding film 45 can be formed of an appropriate light shielding metal material (for example, Cr (chromium)) instead of the resin film.

  If the light shielding film 45 is a metal film, the electric lines of force that form the lateral electric field formed on the element substrate 6 are disturbed by the metal film, and the display quality may be degraded. On the other hand, if the light shielding film 45 is formed of a resin film as in the present embodiment, the lines of electric force are not disturbed by the light shielding film 45, and the display quality can be prevented from deteriorating.

  When color display is performed using the colored film 44 composed of the three colors R, G, and B as in the present embodiment, 3 corresponding to the three colored films 44 corresponding to the three colors R, G, and B are used. One pixel is formed by one sub-pixel Px. On the other hand, when monochrome display is performed in black and white or any two colors, one pixel is formed by one sub-pixel Px. An overcoat layer 46 is formed on the coloring film 44 and the light shielding film 45, and an alignment film 35a is formed thereon.

  The colored film 44 is formed, for example, by mixing a pigment or a dye with a photosensitive resin material. The overcoat layer 46 is formed of an insulating resin, for example, an acrylic resin. The alignment film 35a is made of polyimide. The overcoat layer 46 functions as a protective film that prevents the constituent material of the color filter from being mixed into the liquid crystal and a flattening film that flattens the surface of the color filter.

  In FIG. 1, the rubbing direction applied to the alignment film 35a on the color filter substrate 5 side and the alignment film 35b on the element substrate 6 side is a nematic having a negative dielectric anisotropy in the liquid crystal layer 9 as in this embodiment. When the liquid crystal is used, the antiparallel direction is parallel to the column direction Y as shown in FIG. When the liquid crystal layer 9 is formed using nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, the rubbing direction is an anti-parallel direction parallel to the row direction X. The transmission axes of the second polarizing plate 15b on the element substrate 6 side (observation back side) and the first polarizing plate 15a on the color filter substrate 5 side (observation side) are perpendicular to each other, and the first polarizing plate on the observation side. The transmission axis of 15a is parallel to the rubbing direction of the alignment films 35a and 35b, and the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate 15b on the observation back side is orthogonal to the rubbing direction.

  In FIG. 5, the optical axis relationship among the polarizing plates 15a and 15b, the first (λ / 4) plate 41, and the second (λ / 4) plate 39 is set as follows. That is, the angle formed by the transmission axis of the first polarizing plate 15a on the observation side and the optical axis (for example, the slow axis) of the first (λ / 4) plate 41 is set to 45 °. The optical axes of the first (λ / 4) plate 41 and the second (λ / 4) plate 39 are set to be orthogonal to each other. The angle formed by the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate 15b on the back side and the optical axis of the second (λ / 4) plate 39 is set to 45 °. The liquid crystal device of the present embodiment is set to normally black, which is “black” when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer and becomes “white” when an electric field is applied.

  Next, in FIG. 1, the second translucent substrate 6 a that constitutes the element substrate 6 has an overhanging portion 49 that projects to the outside of the color filter substrate 5. A wiring 50 is formed on the surface of the overhanging portion 49 by a photoetching process or the like. A plurality of wirings 50 are formed when viewed from the direction of the arrow A, and the plurality of wirings 50 are arranged along the row direction X at intervals. A plurality of external connection terminals 51 are formed along the row direction X so as to be spaced apart from each other at the side edges of the overhanging portion 49. For example, an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) substrate is connected to the side edge of the overhanging portion 49 provided with these external connection terminals 51.

  The plurality of wirings 50 are formed so as to extend in the column direction Y toward a region surrounded by the sealing material 4. Some of these wirings 50 are directly connected to the source line 20 on the element substrate 6 and function as data lines. Further, another part of the plurality of wirings 50 is formed so as to extend along the column direction Y along the side edge of the element substrate 6 within the region surrounded by the sealing material 4, and further bent in the row direction X. It is formed as an extended pattern. The bent pattern wiring 50 is directly connected to the gate line 18 on the element substrate 6 and functions as a scanning line.

  A driving IC 53 is mounted on the surface of the overhanging portion 49 by COG (Chip On Glass) technology using an ACF (Anisotropic Conductive Film) 52. The driving IC 53 transmits a data signal to the source line 20 and transmits a scanning signal to the gate line 18. The driving IC 53 may be formed by one IC chip or may be formed by a plurality of IC chips. The driving IC 53 is not limited to being mounted in the liquid crystal panel 2 but can be mounted on a wiring board provided separately from the liquid crystal panel 2. In this case, the wiring board is conductively connected to the liquid crystal panel 2 through a wiring element such as a heat seal.

  According to the liquid crystal device 1 configured as described above, transmissive display is performed using the illumination device 3 as a backlight. Specifically, the LED 11 is turned on in FIG. 1, light from the LED 11 is introduced into the light guide 12, and is further emitted as planar light from the light exit surface 12b. This planar light is supplied to the liquid crystal layer 9. In this way, while light is supplied to the liquid crystal layer 9, a predetermined voltage specified by the scanning signal and the data signal is applied between the pixel electrode 34 and the common electrode 32 on the element substrate 5. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled for each sub-pixel Px. Hereinafter, this orientation control will be described in detail.

  In FIG. 2, a strip-like pixel electrode 34a and a planar common electrode 32 are stacked with an interlayer insulating film (that is, the passivation film 29 and the gate insulating film 19) interposed therebetween. Since the shape of the common electrode 32 is planar, the distance D0 along the substrate surface (that is, along the column direction Y) between the strip pixel electrode 34a and the common electrode 32 is zero, and the layer of the liquid crystal layer The relationship with respect to the thickness D1 is D1> D0. When a predetermined voltage is applied between both electrodes in this state, a laterally inclined electric field E is generated between both electrodes in the vicinity of the slit 37. The lateral oblique electric field E is an electric field that travels obliquely in both the thickness direction (that is, the Z direction) and the lateral direction (that is, the column direction Y) of the liquid crystal layer 9, in other words, a parabolic shape. Of the electric field. The horizontal oblique electric field E controls the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 9 in the horizontal plane of the substrate.

  As a result, the light supplied into the liquid crystal layer 9 is modulated for each sub-pixel Px according to the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the horizontal plane. When the modulated light passes through the first polarizing plate 15a (see FIG. 1) of the color filter substrate 5, the passage of the modulated light is restricted for each sub-pixel Px by the polarization characteristics of the first polarizing plate 15a. Images such as letters, numbers, figures, etc. are displayed on the surface of 5 and are visually recognized from the direction of arrow A. In this case, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is not controlled in the vertical (perpendicular to the substrate) plane, but in the lateral (parallel to the substrate) plane. However, even when the viewing angle of the display surface of the liquid crystal panel 2 is inclined, there is no change in the viewing angle of the liquid crystal molecules. For this reason, the FFS mode of this embodiment can achieve a wide viewing angle characteristic.

  In the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment, two electrodes of the common electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 34 are provided on the second light-transmissive substrate 6a that is one substrate. In this liquid crystal device, if the conductive layer 40 is not provided on the first translucent substrate 5a, which is the substrate on which no electrode is formed, the first transparent substrate is formed when static electricity is generated around the liquid crystal device. External static charges remain on the optical substrate 5a, and the residual charges may adversely affect the horizontal electric field in the liquid crystal layer 9 and cause display defects. However, in the present embodiment, since the conductive layer 40 is provided on the first substrate 5a on which no electrode is formed, charges can be transmitted to the outside through the conductive layer 40 and escaped, and the electric field in the liquid crystal layer 9 is affected. Can be prevented, and the occurrence of display defects can be prevented. Since the conductive layer 40 is electrically connected to the first substrate 5a by the conductive means 42 such as a conductive line, the charge is transferred smoothly.

  When the conductive layer 40 is provided on the first substrate 5a as described above, external light is reflected by the conductive layer 40, and the reflected light is visually recognized by an observer, which may make it difficult to see the display. is there. However, in this embodiment, since the first (λ / 4) plate 41 is provided on the conductive layer 40, the polarization state of the external light reflected by the conductive layer 40 is the action of the first (λ / 4) plate 41. The first polarizing layer 15a prevents the reflected light from going outside.

  This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In the conventional configuration in which the first polarizing plate 15a is simply disposed on the conductive layer 40, the external light L1 passes through the first polarizing plate 15a and becomes linearly polarized light, and then is reflected by the conductive layer 40 and remains as it is. The light is emitted to the outside through one polarizing plate 15a. For this reason, there may be a problem that “black” floats even when no charge is applied, or a problem that the display becomes difficult to see.

  If the first (λ / 4) plate 41 is arranged on the conductive layer 40 as in the present embodiment, the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizing plate 15 a passes through the first (λ / 4) plate 41 and becomes one. Becomes circularly polarized light in the direction, and then reflected by the conductive layer 40 to become circularly polarized light in the reverse direction. This reflected light again enters the first (λ / 4) plate 41 and enters the first polarizing plate 15a as linearly polarized light in a direction different from that at the time of incidence. Since this linearly polarized light has its polarization direction opposite to that at the time of incidence, the linearly polarized light is absorbed by the first polarizing plate 15a and does not go outside. In this way, the reflected light from the conductive layer 40 is prevented from being emitted to the outside, and it is avoided that “black” appears to be floating when no charge is applied, and that the display is difficult to see.

  By the way, when the first (λ / 4) plate 41 is provided between the first polarizing layer 15 a and the liquid crystal layer 9 as described above, the light contributing to the display in the liquid crystal device is the first (λ / 4) plate 41. There is a possibility that the amount of light may be reduced when the light is transmitted through the first polarizing layer 15a after the polarization is controlled. If this happens, the display may become dark and difficult to see. In order to eliminate this inconvenience, in this embodiment, the second (λ / 4) plate 39 is provided at a position closer to the liquid crystal layer 9 than the first (λ / 4) plate 41. Hereinafter, the polarization control state of the light at this time will be described.

  In FIG. 6, when the light L3 that can contribute to the display is incident on the second polarizing plate 15b, linearly polarized light is extracted, and the polarized light enters the second (λ / 4) plate 39 through the liquid crystal layer 9 and becomes circularly polarized light. Converted. Since this circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light by the first (λ / 4) plate 41, it passes through the first polarizing plate 15a and is emitted to the outside. Thus, even when the first (λ / 4) plate 41 is disposed on the conductive layer 40, the second (λ / 4) plate 39 is provided in front of the first (λ / 4) plate 41, In addition, since the optical axes of the (λ / 4) plates 41 and 39 are arranged orthogonally, the inconvenience that transmitted light that can contribute to display is absorbed by the first polarizing plate 15a and loss of transmittance occurs is eliminated. Can provide a bright display.

  In the above embodiment, the first (λ / 4) plate 41 is provided in contact with the conductive layer 40. In this case, the first (λ / 4) plate 41 may be in direct contact with the conductive layer 40, or may be in a state of being bonded to the conductive layer 40 with an adhesive. In any case, the first (λ / 4) plate 41 is provided immediately above the conductive layer 40 without leaving a space.

(Second Embodiment of Liquid Crystal Device)
Hereinafter, another embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present technology will be described with reference to FIG. In the liquid crystal device 1 according to the previous embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the second (λ / 4) plate 39, the conductive layer 40, the first layer on the surface of the first translucent substrate 5 a opposite to the liquid crystal layer 9. 1 (λ / 4) plates 41 were laminated in this order, and the conductive layer 40 and the first substrate 5 a were made conductive by the conductive means 42. That is, in the liquid crystal device 1, the entire film unit including the conductive layer 40 and the pair of (λ / 4) plates 39 and 41 sandwiching the conductive layer 40 is provided outside the first substrate 5 a, that is, outside the liquid crystal cell structure. Yes.

  On the other hand, in the liquid crystal device 61 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the second (λ / 4) plate 39 is provided between the overcoat layer 46 and the alignment film 35a, and the liquid crystal of the first translucent substrate 5a. The conductive layer 40 and the first (λ / 4) plate 41 were laminated in this order on the surface opposite to the layer 9. That is, in the present embodiment, the second (λ / 4) plate 39 is provided inside the first substrate 5a, that is, inside the liquid crystal cell structure.

  The conductive layer 40 and the first substrate 5a are in direct contact without any inclusions, or are bonded to each other via a conductive adhesive. Since the conductive layer 40 and the first substrate 5a are electrically connected to each other at the contact surface, the conductive means 42 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is not necessary. Since the other configuration of the liquid crystal device 61 is the same as that of the liquid crystal device 1 of FIG. 1, the description of the configuration is omitted.

  Also in the present embodiment, display failure due to electrostatic charging in the lateral electric field type liquid crystal device can be eliminated by the cooperative action of the conductive layer 40 and the pair of (λ / 4) plates 39 and 41 sandwiching the conductive layer 40, and the liquid crystal panel 2 makes it difficult to see the display in the display region V due to the reflected light from the inside, and it is also possible to avoid loss of transmitted light that transmits through the liquid crystal layer 9 and contributes to display.

(First Embodiment of Electronic Device)
Hereinafter, an embodiment of an electronic apparatus according to the present technology will be described. Note that this embodiment shows one example of the present technology, the technology is not limited to this embodiment. FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of an electronic apparatus according to the present technology . The electronic device shown here includes a liquid crystal device 101 and a control circuit 102 that controls the liquid crystal device 101. The liquid crystal device 101 includes a liquid crystal panel 103 and a drive circuit 104. The control circuit 102 includes a display information output source 105, a display information processing circuit 106, a power supply circuit 107, and a timing generator 108.

  The display information output source 105 includes a memory such as a RAM (Random Access Memory), a storage unit such as various disks, a tuning circuit that tunes and outputs a digital image signal, and various clock signals generated by the timing generator 108. The display information processing circuit 106 is supplied with display information such as a predetermined format image signal.

  The display information processing circuit 106 includes a number of well-known circuits such as an amplification / inversion circuit, a rotation circuit, a gamma correction circuit, a clamp circuit, and the like, executes processing of input display information, and converts an image signal into a clock signal CLK. At the same time, it is supplied to the drive circuit 104. Here, the drive circuit 104 is a generic term for an inspection circuit and the like together with a scanning line drive circuit and a data line drive circuit. The power supply circuit 107 supplies a predetermined power supply voltage to each of the above components.

  The liquid crystal device 101 can be configured using, for example, the liquid crystal device 1 shown in FIG. According to the liquid crystal device 1, it is possible to perform display with a wide viewing angle, which is a feature of the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, to eliminate display defects due to electrostatic charging, and to display areas by reflected light from the inside of the liquid crystal panel 2. In the electronic device using the liquid crystal device 1, it is possible to eliminate the difficulty of seeing the display in the V, and further, it is possible to avoid the loss of the transmitted light that passes through the liquid crystal layer 9 and contributes to the display. A wide viewing angle display can be realized, and a normal and bright display can be performed even in an environment with a lot of static electricity.

(Second Embodiment of Electronic Device)
FIG. 9 shows a mobile phone that is another embodiment of the electronic apparatus according to the present technology . A cellular phone 110 shown here includes a main body 111 and a display body 112 that can be opened and closed with respect to the main body 111. The display unit 112 is provided with a display device 113 and a receiver 114. Various displays relating to telephone communication are displayed on the display screen 115 of the display device 113. A control unit for controlling the operation of the display device 113 is stored inside the main body unit 111 or the display body unit 112 as a part of the control unit that controls the entire mobile phone or separately from the control unit. The The main body 111 is provided with an operation button 116 and a transmitter 117.

  The display device 113 can be configured using, for example, the liquid crystal device 1 shown in FIG. According to the liquid crystal device 1, it is possible to perform display with a wide viewing angle, which is a feature of the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, to eliminate display defects due to electrostatic charging, and to display areas by reflected light from the inside of the liquid crystal panel 2. In the electronic device using the liquid crystal device 1, it is possible to eliminate the difficulty of seeing the display in the V, and further, it is possible to avoid the loss of the transmitted light that passes through the liquid crystal layer 9 and contributes to the display. A wide viewing angle display can be realized, and a normal and bright display can be performed even in an environment with a lot of static electricity.

(3rd Embodiment of an electronic device)
FIG. 10 shows a car navigation device that is still another embodiment of the electronic apparatus according to the present technology . The car navigation device 120 includes a main body 121 that is mounted on, for example, a console box of a driver's seat of an automobile, and a display body 122 that extends from the main body 121 and extends upward. A display device 123 is provided inside the display body portion 122. The display device 123 is configured using, for example, the liquid crystal device 1 shown in FIG.

  According to the liquid crystal device 1 of FIG. 1, it is possible to perform display with a wide viewing angle, which is a feature of the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, to eliminate display defects due to electrostatic charging, and to reflect light reflected from the inside of the liquid crystal panel 2. It is possible to eliminate the difficulty of viewing the display in the display area V, and it is also possible to avoid loss of transmitted light that transmits through the liquid crystal layer 9 and contributes to display. Therefore, the present electronic apparatus using the liquid crystal device 1 In this case, display with a wide viewing angle can be realized, and normal and bright display can be performed even in an environment with a lot of static electricity.

In particular, the car navigation device 120 that is an in-vehicle device is often used in bright sunlight, so that when the reflected light from the inside of the liquid crystal device 1 goes out, the display is very much combined with sunlight. It becomes difficult. According to the liquid crystal device according to the present technology , since the reflected light from the liquid crystal device can be eliminated, the car navigation device of the present embodiment using the liquid crystal device is particularly advantageous with respect to clear display. It is.

(Other embodiments)
Electronic devices to which the present technology can be applied include personal computers, liquid crystal televisions, viewfinder type or monitor direct-view type video tape recorders, pagers, electronic notebooks, calculators, in addition to the mobile phones described above. A word processor, a workstation, a video phone, a POS terminal, etc. are mentioned.

It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the liquid crystal device which concerns on this technique . It is a figure which expands and shows the part shown by the arrow Z2 of FIG. It is a top view according to the Z3-Z3 line of FIG. It is a figure which shows the optical axis relationship of an optical element. It is a figure which shows the polarization state of the external light reflected in the inside in the liquid crystal device of FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a polarization state of light transmitted through a liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal device of FIG. 1. It is sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of the liquid crystal device which concerns on this technique . It is a block diagram showing one embodiment of electronic equipment concerning this art . It is a perspective view of the mobile telephone which is other embodiment of the electronic device which concerns on this technique . It is a perspective view of the car navigation apparatus which is further another embodiment of the electronic device which concerns on this technique .

Explanation of symbols

1. 1. liquid crystal device 2. Liquid crystal panel 3. lighting device; Sealing material,
5. Color filter substrate, 5a. 5. a first translucent substrate (first substrate); Element substrate,
6a. 6. a second translucent substrate (second substrate); Columnar spacers, 9. Liquid crystal layer,
11. LED, 12. Light guide, 15a. A first polarizing plate (first polarizing layer),
15b. 18. Second polarizing plate (second polarizing layer) A gate line, 18a. Gate electrode,
19. Gate insulating film, 20. Source line, 21. Common line, 22. TFT element,
23. Semiconductor film, 25. Source electrode, 26. Drain electrode,
29. Passivation film, 32. Common electrode, 34. Pixel electrodes,
34a. Strip pixel electrodes 35a, 35b. Alignment film, 36. Through hole,
39. Second (λ / 4) plate (second retardation layer), 40. Conductive layer,
41. First (λ / 4) plate (first retardation layer), 42. Conductive means, 44. Colored film,
45. Light shielding film, 46. Overcoat layer, 49. Overhang part, 50. wiring,
51. 52. External connection terminal ACF, 53. Driving IC, 61. Liquid crystal device,
101. Liquid crystal device, 102. Control circuit, 103. Liquid crystal panel, 104. Drive circuit,
110. Mobile phone (electronic device), 113. Display device, 115. Display screen,
120. 123. car navigation device (electronic device) Display device,
D ₀ . Electrode spacing, D ₁ . Liquid crystal layer thickness; Horizontal oblique electric field, L1, L3. light,
Px. Sub-pixels, V. Indicated Area

Claims (7)

A first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching a liquid crystal layer;
A first polarizing layer provided on the first substrate side;
A second polarizing layer provided on the second substrate side;
A common electrode and a pixel electrode provided on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the second substrate with an interlayer insulating film interposed therebetween;
A conductive layer provided between the first polarizing layer and the first substrate and capable of transmitting charges to the outside ;
A first retardation layer provided in contact with the conductive layer between the first polarizing layer and the conductive layer;
A second retardation layer provided in contact with the conductive layer between the conductive layer and the first substrate ;
A conductive portion that conductively connects the conductive layer and the first substrate;
Liquid crystal devices that have a.   A first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching a liquid crystal layer;
  A first polarizing layer provided on the first substrate side;
  A second polarizing layer provided on the second substrate side;
  A common electrode and a pixel electrode provided on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the second substrate with an interlayer insulating film interposed therebetween;
  A conductive layer provided in contact with the first substrate between the first polarizing layer and the first substrate and capable of transmitting charges to the outside;
  A first retardation layer provided in contact with the conductive layer between the first polarizing layer and the conductive layer;
  A second retardation layer provided between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer;
  A liquid crystal device.   A colored film layer provided on the liquid crystal side surface of the first substrate; and an overcoat layer covering the colored film layer; and the second retardation layer is formed on the overcoat layer. The liquid crystal device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal device is provided in contact with a surface on the liquid crystal layer side.   The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the first retardation layer is provided in contact with a surface of the conductive layer.   5. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein an optical axis of the first retardation layer and an optical axis of the second retardation layer are orthogonal to each other.   The angle formed by the transmission axis of the first polarizing layer and the optical axis of the first retardation layer is 45 °, and the angle formed by the transmission axis of the second polarizing layer and the optical axis of the second retardation layer is 45. 6. The liquid crystal device according to claim 5, wherein the liquid crystal device is.   An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to claim 1.

Images