JP2006162922A - Electro-optical device and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electro-optical device that can prevent generation of interference fringes in a displayed image, when display is performed, using a plurality of display dots arranged in a matrix form and an input panel having a plurality of grooves. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid crystal display apparatus 1 has a liquid crystal panel 2 and a touch panel 5. The liquid crystal panel 2 displays an image on a display screen 21, by using a plurality of display dots D arrayed in a matrix form. The touch panel 5 is disposed, facing the display screen 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2 and detects a position of a depressed region. The touch panel 5 has a plurality of grooves 36, disposed in a plane parallel to the display screen 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2. The occurrence of interference fringes in an image displayed on the liquid crystal panel 2 can be prevented, by setting the angle θ between the rows of the display dots D, along the viewing direction E of the display and the ridge lines 36a of the grooves 36 to be in the range of 25°≤θ≤65°. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an electro-optical device such as a liquid crystal display device. The present invention also relates to an electronic apparatus configured using the electro-optical device.

  Currently, in various electronic devices such as a mobile phone and a portable information terminal, an electro-optical device such as a liquid crystal display device is used as a display unit for visually displaying various information related to the electronic device. Yes.

  The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel as an electro-optical panel, and the liquid crystal panel has a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode, for example. In this liquid crystal display device, for example, light is supplied to the liquid crystal layer by an illumination device or the like, and the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is controlled for each display dot, thereby aligning the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer for each display dot. To control. The light supplied to the liquid crystal layer is modulated together with the display dots in accordance with the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules. By supplying this modulated light to the liquid crystal side surface of the polarizing layer, letters and numbers are formed on the observation side surface of the polarizing layer. Images such as graphics are displayed.

  A display dot is a dot area that is a unit of display. For example, when performing color display with three primary colors of B (blue), G (green), and R (red), three dots B, G, and R are displayed. One pixel is formed by display dots, and when performing monocolor display by two colors such as black and white, one pixel is formed by one display dot.

  As the above liquid crystal display device, one using a touch panel as an input means is known. This touch panel is formed, for example, by bonding a substrate formed of a light-transmitting plastic or the like and a light-transmitting film in a state where a predetermined gap is provided. And this touch panel is installed on the display surface of a liquid crystal panel so that a film may become a front side. These substrates and films have electrodes on opposite surfaces. When the film is pressed with an input device or the like, the electrodes facing each other at that position come into contact with each other and are electrically short-circuited. The pressed position on the film can be detected by changing the voltage between the electrodes according to the shorted position (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2003-255855 (pages 6-7, FIG. 1)

  Incidentally, in the liquid crystal display device disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the touch panel has a gap between the film and the substrate, the light reflected by the film and the light reflected by the substrate interfere with each other on the display surface. Rings may occur. In order to suppress the occurrence of this Newton ring, some touch panels used in this liquid crystal display device have a plurality of grooves provided on the surface of the substrate opposite to the liquid crystal panel.

  However, in the liquid crystal display device described above, the light emitted from the columns formed by the plurality of display dots provided in the liquid crystal panel interferes with the light emitted from the grooves provided in the touch panel, so that interference fringes, so-called moire, are generated. There was a risk of occurrence.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an image formed using a plurality of display dots arranged in a matrix is formed on an input panel having a plurality of grooves, for example, a touch panel. It is an object of the present invention to prevent interference fringes from being generated in a displayed image.

A first electro-optical device according to the present invention includes an electro-optical panel that performs display on a display surface using a plurality of display dots arranged in a matrix, and an input panel that detects the position of a pressed region. Have. In this electro-optical device, the input panel includes a plurality of grooves provided in a plane parallel to the display surface of the electro-optical panel, and the rows along the viewing direction of the display dots and the grooves When the angle formed by the ridge line is θ,
25 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 65 degrees.

  According to the above electro-optical device, the angle θ formed between the display dot row along the direction in which the display of the electro-optical panel is visually recognized and the ridge line of the groove is in the range of 25 ° ≦ θ ≦ 65 °. Thereby, it is possible to prevent interference between the light emitted from the row formed by the plurality of display dots provided in the electro-optical panel and the light emitted from the groove of the input panel. As a result, it is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring on the display on the display surface of the electro-optical panel.

  Next, in the electro-optical device according to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the plurality of grooves are grooves that prevent Newton rings from being generated in an image displayed on the display surface. As the input panel used in the electro-optical device of the present invention, a panel having a structure in which a light-transmitting film and a light-transmitting substrate are stacked can be used. Such an input panel has a gap between the film and the substrate, and there is a possibility that Newton's ring may occur due to interference between light reflected by the film and light reflected by the substrate. On the other hand, if a plurality of grooves are provided in a plane parallel to the display surface of the electro-optical panel in the input panel, Newton rings can be prevented from occurring in the image displayed on the display surface. . Even when a groove for preventing the occurrence of Newton's ring is provided, if the angle θ formed by the display dot row and the groove of the input panel is set within the range of 25 ° ≦ θ ≦ 65 °, the interference fringes Occurrence can be prevented.

Next, in the electro-optical device according to the present invention, when the display resolution of the electro-optical panel is S,
100 ppi ≦ S ≦ 300 ppi
It is desirable that Here, “ppi” means “Pixel Per Inch”, and represents the number of pixels provided in a planar region having a diagonal distance of 1 inch. For example, if the resolution is 100 ppi, 100 pixels are provided in a region where the diagonal distance is 1 inch.

  As described above, when the display resolution S is in the range of 100 ppi ≦ S ≦ 300 ppi, the light emitted from the rows formed by the plurality of display dots provided in the electro-optical panel interferes with the light emitted from the grooves. This can be reliably prevented by the present invention. As a result, it is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring on the display on the display surface of the electro-optical panel.

  Next, in the electro-optical device according to the present invention, the resolution of the electro-optical panel is 202 ppi, the interval between the ridge lines of the adjacent grooves is 40 μm, and the rows and the grooves along the viewing direction of the display dots are The angle θ formed with the ridge line is preferably 30 degrees. By so doing, it is possible to reliably prevent interference between the light emitted from the rows formed by the plurality of display dots provided in the electro-optical panel and the light emitted from the grooves. As a result, it is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of interference fringes in the display on the display surface of the electro-optical panel.

  Next, in the electro-optical device according to the aspect of the invention, the input panel may include an input panel that has a pair of electrodes facing each other and detects a position by bringing the pair of electrodes into contact with each other. In the input panel, it is preferable that the plurality of grooves are provided closer to the electro-optical panel than the pair of electrodes. In this way, it is possible to reliably prevent Newton rings from occurring.

Next, a second electro-optical device according to the present invention includes an electro-optical panel that performs display on a display surface using a polarizing layer and a plurality of display dots arranged in a matrix, and a position of a pressed region. An input panel for detection; and a light diffusion layer provided between the polarizing layer and the input panel. In this electro-optical panel, the input panel has a plurality of grooves provided in a plane parallel to the display surface of the electro-optical panel, and the rows along the viewing direction of the display dots and the grooves When the angle formed by the ridge line is θ,
0 degrees <θ ≤ 25 degrees or
65 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 90 degrees.

  In the first electro-optical device, the generation of interference fringes is prevented by forming the angle θ formed between the row of display dots in the viewing direction and the ridge line of the groove in a range of 25 ° ≦ θ ≦ 65 °. In the first electro-optical device, the generation of interference fringes may not be prevented within the range of 0 degrees <θ ≦ 25 degrees or 65 ≦ θ ≦ 90 degrees. On the other hand, the second electro-optical device is configured to prevent the generation of interference fringes even if grooves are formed within the range of 0 ° <θ ≦ 25 ° or 65 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90. Specifically, a polarizing layer was provided on the display surface of the electro-optical panel, and a light diffusion layer was further provided between the polarizing layer and the light guide.

  The polarizing layer here has a function of transmitting linearly polarized light directed in one direction and not transmitting other polarized light by absorption, dispersion, or the like. The light diffusion layer is an antiglare layer, and has a function of reducing specular reflection. This light diffusion layer is integrated with the polarizing layer by, for example, applying a resin containing spherical particles having a diameter of about 3 μm on the surface of TAC (Triacetylcellulose) which is a protective film for protecting the polarizing layer. Can be formed. The light diffusion layer can be formed by providing irregularities on the surface of an arbitrary layer that can transmit light, for example.

  According to the second electro-optical device configured as described above, since the light diffusion layer is provided between the light guide and the polarizing layer of the electro-optical panel, the light used for the display of the electro-optical panel is the light diffusion layer. Diffused by. Thereby, even if the angle θ formed by the row of display dots along the direction of visually recognizing the display of the electro-optical panel and the ridgeline of the groove is in the range of 0 ° <θ ≦ 25 ° or 65 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90, It is possible to prevent interference between the light emitted from the rows formed by the plurality of display dots provided in the electro-optical panel and the light emitted from the grooves. As a result, generation of interference fringes on the display surface of the electro-optical panel can be prevented.

Next, in the second electro-optical device according to the invention, the haze value α of the optical element formed by the polarizing layer and the light diffusion layer is
0% ≦ α ≦ 50%
It is desirable that The haze value is one of physical property values indicating a light diffusing function as an optical characteristic. In an optical element having a light diffusion layer, the diffusion function becomes stronger as the haze value increases. If the diffusion function is strengthened, interference fringes can be prevented from appearing on the display of the electro-optical panel, but if the diffusion function is too strong, the display of the electro-optical panel may be blurred.

  In the second electro-optical device in which the light diffusion layer is provided between the light guide and the electro-optical panel, if the haze value of the optical element composed of the polarizing layer and the light diffusion layer is 0% ≦ α ≦ 50%, The display on the electro-optical panel is not blurred. Further, it is possible to reliably prevent interference fringes from being generated in the display of the electro-optical panel.

  Next, in the electro-optical device according to the invention, it is preferable that a gap of 0.2 mm or more is provided between the input panel and the electro-optical panel. When the electro-optical panel has a polarizing layer as its outermost layer, it is desirable to have a gap of 0.2 mm or more between the polarizing layer and the input panel. In the electro-optical device of the present invention, the input panel can have a function as a protective panel for protecting the electro-optical panel. However, when the input panel is used, the input panel may be pressed and bent. As a result, the display surface of the electro-optical panel and the substrate may come into contact with each other and damage the electro-optical panel.

  If a gap of 0.2 mm or more is provided between the input panel and the electro-optical panel as described above, the input panel can be prevented from coming into contact with the electro-optical panel. Thereby, the input panel can reliably protect the electro-optical panel.

  Next, an electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the electro-optical device having the above-described configuration. The electro-optical device according to the present invention includes interference fringes in the display of the electro-optical panel by forming the grooves of the input panel to be inclined with respect to the row in the viewing direction of the plurality of display dots provided on the electro-optical panel. Can be prevented. Accordingly, the electronic device according to the present invention can prevent interference fringes from being generated in the display, so that a clear display can be performed.

(First embodiment of electro-optical device)
Hereinafter, a case where the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device which is an example of an electro-optical device will be described as an example. In addition, embodiment described below is an example of this invention, Comprising: This invention is not limited. In the following description, the drawings will be referred to as necessary. In this drawing, in order to show the important components of the structure composed of a plurality of components in an easy-to-understand manner, the relative dimensions differ from actual ones. Is shown.

  FIG. 1 shows a liquid crystal display device which is an embodiment of an electro-optical device according to the present invention in an exploded state. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal display device according to the line BB in FIG. FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the vicinity of one display dot in FIG. FIG. 4 shows the liquid crystal panel 2 of FIG. 3 as viewed from the direction of the arrow A, and shows the configuration of display dots of the liquid crystal panel 2 in a plan view.

  The liquid crystal display device described here is an active matrix type using a TFD (Thin Film Diode) element which is a two-terminal switching element, and is a transflective liquid crystal display device. In this liquid crystal display device, the side on which the arrow A is drawn is the observation side.

  In FIG. 1, a liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment includes a liquid crystal panel 2 as an electro-optical panel, a driving IC 3 as a semiconductor element mounted on the liquid crystal panel 2, an illumination device 4, and an input panel. Touch panel 5. The illuminating device 4 is disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 2 when viewed from the observation side on which the arrow A is drawn, and functions as a backlight.

  The illuminating device 4 includes a light source 6 constituted by a point light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), a linear light source such as a cold cathode tube, and the like, and a light guide body 7 formed of a translucent resin. Have. As shown in FIG. 2, a light reflection layer 8 is provided on the back side of the light guide 7 as viewed from the observation side indicated by the arrow A as necessary. In addition, a light diffusion layer 9 is provided on the observation side of the light guide 7, that is, on the light exit surface 7 b as necessary. The light incident surface 7a of the light guide 7 extends in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 2, and the light generated from the light source 6 is introduced into the light guide 7 through the light incident surface 7a and from the light exit surface 7b. The light is emitted to the outside of the light guide 7.

  In FIG. 1, the liquid crystal panel 2 is formed by bonding an element substrate 11 and a color filter substrate 12 together with a square or rectangular frame-shaped sealing material 13. As shown in FIG. 3, a gap, so-called cell gap G, is formed between the element substrate 11 and the color filter substrate 12, and liquid crystal is sealed in the cell gap G to form a liquid crystal layer. . As the liquid crystal, for example, a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal can be used. The cell gap G is maintained at a constant interval by the spherical spacer 20.

  In FIG. 2, the element substrate 11 includes a first light-transmitting substrate 11a. The first translucent substrate 11a is made of, for example, translucent glass, translucent plastic, or the like, and one side of the first translucent substrate 11a projects to the outside of the color filter substrate 12 to form an overhang portion 17. Yes. The driving IC 3 is mounted on the overhanging portion 17 using an ACF (Anisotropic Conductive Film) 15.

  A polarizing plate 16a as a polarizing layer is attached to the outer surface of the first light transmissive substrate 11a by sticking or the like. On the other hand, the line wiring 18 is formed on the inner surface of the first light transmitting substrate 11a as shown in FIG. The line wiring 18 extends in the left-right direction in FIG. A plurality of TFD elements 19, which are nonlinear resistance elements that function as switching elements, are formed connected to the line wiring 18. Further, a plurality of dot electrodes 28a are formed by being connected to these TFD elements 19. The dot electrode 28a is formed of a metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).

  An alignment film 29a is formed on the dot electrode 28a. The alignment film 29a is formed of, for example, polyimide. The alignment film 29a is subjected to an alignment process, for example, a rubbing process, whereby the initial alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the element substrate 11 is determined.

  In FIG. 2, the color filter substrate 12 facing the element substrate 11 includes a second light-transmitting substrate 12 a that is rectangular or square when viewed from the observation side indicated by an arrow A. The second translucent substrate 12a is formed of, for example, translucent glass or translucent plastic. A polarizing plate 16b is attached to the outer surface of the second light transmitting substrate 12a by sticking or the like.

  In FIG. 3, a resin layer 23 is formed on the inner surface of the second translucent substrate 12a, a reflective layer 24 is formed thereon, and a plurality of coloring elements 25 and a light shielding member 26 surrounding them are formed thereon. An overcoat layer 27 is formed thereon, a plurality of strip electrodes 28b extending linearly in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface are formed thereon, and an alignment film 29b is further formed thereon. The alignment film 29b is subjected to an alignment process, for example, a rubbing process, whereby the initial alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the color filter substrate 12 is determined.

  An uneven shape is formed on the surface of the resin layer 23. For this reason, the reflective layer 24 laminated on the resin layer 23 has the same uneven shape. Due to this uneven shape, the light reflected by the reflective layer 24 diffuses. The reflective layer 24 is formed of, for example, Al (aluminum), an Al alloy, or the like. In addition, when it is desired to smooth the uneven shape formed on the surface of the resin layer 23, the resin layer 23 is formed by a two-layer structure of the first layer and the second layer, and a rough uneven shape is formed on the surface of the first layer. In addition, a method of laminating the second layer thereon to smooth the uneven shape can also be used.

  For example, each of the coloring elements 25 is formed in a rectangular dot shape when viewed from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 3, and one coloring element 25 includes B (blue), G (green), and R (red). It is formed of a material that transmits light of any one of the three primary colors. As shown in FIG. 4, the coloring elements 25 of these colors are arranged in a stripe arrangement as viewed in plan. These coloring elements 25 can be arranged in a delta arrangement, a mosaic arrangement, or other appropriate arrangement instead of the stripe arrangement. The coloring element 25 can also be formed by three primary colors of C (cyan), M (magenta), and Y (yellow).

  The light shielding member 26 in FIG. 3 is formed in a state in which a space between the plurality of coloring elements 25 is filled with a light shielding material such as Cr (chromium). The light shielding member 26 functions as a black mask and improves the contrast of an image displayed by light transmitted through the coloring element 25. The light shielding member 26 is not limited to being formed of a specific material such as Cr, and may be formed by, for example, stacking, that is, laminating, the B, G, and R coloring elements constituting the coloring element 25. can do.

  The overcoat layer 27 is formed of a photosensitive resin such as an acrylic resin or a polyimide resin. The plurality of electrodes 28b extending in a strip shape in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 3 is formed of a metal oxide such as ITO. Further, the alignment film 29b formed thereon is formed of polyimide or the like, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the plurality of linear line wirings 18 provided on the element substrate 11 are provided in a stripe shape as a whole. The plurality of TFD elements 19 are connected to the individual line wirings 18 at appropriate intervals, and the dot electrodes 28 a are connected to the TFD elements 19.

  3, the plurality of strip electrodes 28b provided on the color filter substrate 12 facing the element substrate 11 are formed in a stripe shape as a whole, as shown in FIG. These band-like electrodes 28b extend in a direction perpendicular to the line wiring 18 when the color filter substrate 12 and the element substrate 11 are bonded to each other with the sealing material 13 as shown in FIG. The dot electrode 28a overlaps with the plane. Thus, the area where the strip electrode 28b and the dot electrode 28a overlap constitutes a display dot which is the minimum unit of display. This display dot is a region indicated by a symbol D in FIGS. A plurality of display dots D are arranged in a matrix in the vertical and horizontal directions to form a display area V, and images such as characters, numbers, figures, etc. are displayed in this display area.

  In FIG. 4, the direction indicated by the arrow E, that is, the direction in which the plurality of display dots D are arranged vertically is the viewing direction. An observer who observes the display of the liquid crystal display device 1 observes the display from the side on which the arrow E is drawn. The surface of the liquid crystal panel 2 on which the observer observes the display is the display surface 21.

  Each of the display dots D is formed with a reflective portion R and a transmissive portion T, and the reflective portion R is provided with a reflective layer. As a form of the reflective layer, there is a configuration in which a reflective layer is formed for each display dot D. In this case, a region where the reflective layer is formed is referred to as a reflective portion R, and a region where no reflective layer is formed is referred to as a transmissive portion. Further, there is a configuration in which a reflective layer is formed over the entire display region V including a plurality of display dots D, and an opening is formed for each display dot D. In this case, a region in the display dot D where the reflective layer is provided is a reflective portion R, and an opening is a transmissive portion T. In this embodiment, the latter form which forms an opening part in the display dot D is illustrated.

  In FIG. 3, the reflective layer 24 is provided with openings 48 corresponding to the individual display dots D. As shown in FIG. 4, these openings 48 are formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. In each display dot D, a portion R where the reflective layer 24 is provided is a reflective portion, and a portion T where the opening 48 is formed is a transmissive portion. In FIG. 3, the external light Lo incident from the observation side on which the arrow A is drawn is reflected by the reflecting portion R. Further, the light emitted from the light guide 7 of the illumination device 4 in FIG. 2, that is, the light Ls incident from the opposite side of the observation side in FIG.

  Further, as in the present embodiment, when color display is performed using the coloring elements 25 composed of the three colors B, G, and R, the three coloring elements 25 corresponding to the three colors B, G, and R are supported. One pixel is formed by the three display dots D. On the other hand, when monochrome display is performed in black and white or any one color, one pixel is formed by one display dot D.

  Such pixels are formed in the entire region surrounded by the sealing material 13 of the liquid crystal panel 2 shown in FIG. The density of pixels formed on the liquid crystal panel 2 can be expressed by a resolution S. Here, the resolution S represents the number of pixels provided in a planar area having a diagonal distance of 1 inch. For example, if the resolution S is 100 ppi (Pixel Per Inch), 100 pixels are provided in a region where the diagonal distance is 1 inch. In the present embodiment, the display resolution S of the liquid crystal panel 2 can be configured in a range of 100 ppi ≦ S ≦ 300 ppi.

  In FIG. 2, the driving IC 3 mounted on the overhanging portion 17 of the first translucent substrate 11a constituting the element substrate 11 includes a driving IC 3 that outputs a scanning signal, and a driving IC 3 that outputs a data signal. It is constituted by. External connection terminals 49 are formed on the first side 11c of the first translucent substrate 11a, that is, the input side, and these terminals 49 are connected to the input terminals of the driving IC 3.

  A wiring board (not shown) such as a flexible wiring board is connected to the external connection terminal 49 by a conductive connection method such as soldering, ACF, heat sealing, or the like. Signals, power, and the like are supplied to the liquid crystal display device 1 from an electronic device such as a mobile phone or a portable information terminal via the wiring board.

  A touch panel 5 is disposed on the opposite side of the illumination device 4 with the liquid crystal panel 2 interposed therebetween. The touch panel 5 has a square or rectangular frame-shaped sealing material including a front substrate 31 positioned on the observation side indicated by an arrow A and a rear substrate 32 positioned on the back side of the front substrate 31 as viewed from the observation side. It is formed by bonding at 33. The front substrate 31 is formed in a film shape with a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm using, for example, a light-transmitting plastic. The back substrate 32 is made of, for example, translucent glass or translucent plastic.

  In FIG. 1, a flat surface electrode 34a is provided on the surface of the front side substrate 31 facing the back side substrate 32, and a pair of low resistance electrodes are provided at both ends of the surface electrode 34a so as to extend in the Y direction. 35a is provided. On the other hand, a flat surface electrode 34b is provided on the surface of the back side substrate 32 facing the front side substrate 31, and a pair of low resistance electrodes 35b are provided at both ends of the surface electrode 34b so as to extend in the X direction. Provided. The surface electrodes 34 a and 34 b are provided so as to cover the display region V of the liquid crystal panel 2 in a state where the touch panel 5 is disposed on the observation side of the liquid crystal panel 2. In the front substrate 31, an area where the surface electrode 34 a is provided is an area pressed by an input person's finger or an input device (not shown).

  In FIG. 2, a plurality of dot-like protrusions 37 are provided on the surface of the surface electrode 34b facing the surface electrode 34a. The protrusion 37 functions as a spacer for maintaining a gap between the surface electrode 34a and the surface electrode 34b. Further, an external connection terminal 39 is formed at the end of the back side substrate 32 on the side 32a side. As shown in FIG. 1, a board 30 such as an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) is connected to the external connection terminal 39. For example, an input control circuit (not shown) is connected via the substrate 30.

  The touch panel 5 having the above structure is pasted on the display surface 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2 using a frame-shaped sticking member 38. The sticking member 38 has a thickness G0 as shown in FIG. Therefore, a gap G <b> 0 is formed between the touch panel 5 and the liquid crystal panel 2 attached using the attaching member 38. In the present embodiment, a gap G0 of 0.2 mm or more is provided.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the touch panel 5 will be described. In FIG. 1, an input control circuit (not shown) connected to the external connection terminal 39 via the substrate 30 at a certain point between the low resistance electrodes 35b and 35b located at both ends of the back side substrate 32. A predetermined voltage is applied to. A voltage measurement circuit in the input control circuit is conductively connected between the low resistance electrodes 35a and 35a located at both ends of the front substrate 31.

  At this time, a uniform voltage drop in which the voltage changes linearly along the Y direction occurs on the surface electrode 34b of the back side substrate 32, and the parts having the same coordinate position in the Y direction have substantially the same potential. Such a voltage distribution is constructed. At this time, when a portion of the front substrate 31 is pressed in a region corresponding to the display region V of the liquid crystal panel 2, the surface electrode 34a of the front substrate 31 and the surface electrode 34b of the rear substrate 32 come into contact with each other. Thereby, the voltage of the surface electrode 34b at the position corresponding to the pressed part can be measured by the input control circuit through the surface electrode 34a on the front substrate 31. Since the measured voltage value correlates with the coordinate position in the Y direction of the portion where the front substrate 31 is pressed, the input control circuit can detect the position in the Y direction of the pressed portion.

  On the other hand, at some other time, a predetermined voltage is applied between the low resistance electrodes 35a and 35a located at both ends in the X direction on the front substrate 31 by the input control circuit, A voltage measurement circuit is connected between the low resistance electrodes 35b, 35b located at both ends in the Y direction.

  At this time, a uniform voltage drop occurs along the X direction on the surface electrode 34a of the front substrate 31 to form a voltage distribution in which the voltage changes linearly. The input control circuit can detect the voltage of the surface electrode 34a of the front substrate 31 at the position corresponding to the portion where the front substrate 31 is pressed through the surface electrode 34b of the rear substrate 32. Thereby, the position of the pressed part in the X direction can be detected as in the case of detecting the position in the Y direction.

  The input control circuit can detect the position coordinate in the Y direction and the position coordinate in the X direction of the pressed portion by repeatedly switching the two connection states to the input control circuit in a short time.

  According to the liquid crystal display device 1 configured as described above, in FIG. 2, when the liquid crystal display device 1 is placed in a bright outdoor room or a bright indoor room, it is a reflective type using external light such as sunlight or indoor light. Display is performed. On the other hand, when the liquid crystal display device 1 is placed outside a dark room or in a dark room, transmissive display is performed using the illumination device 4 as a backlight.

  In the case of performing reflective display, external light Lo that has entered the liquid crystal panel 2 through the element substrate 11 from the direction of arrow A on the observation side in FIG. 3 passes through the liquid crystal layer 14 and enters the color filter substrate 12. After that, the light is reflected by the reflection layer 24 in the reflection portion R and supplied to the liquid crystal layer 14 again. On the other hand, when performing transmissive display, the light source 6 of the illumination device 4 in FIG. 2 is turned on, and light from the light source 6 is introduced into the light guide 7 from the light incident surface 7a of the light guide 7, and further, the light exit surface 7b. Is emitted as planar light. This emitted light is supplied to the liquid crystal layer 14 through the opening 48 in the transmission part T as indicated by the symbol Ls in FIG.

  While light is supplied to the liquid crystal layer 14 in this manner, a predetermined signal specified by a scanning signal and a data signal is provided between the dot electrode 28a on the element substrate 11 side and the strip electrode 28b on the color filter substrate 12 side. A voltage is applied, whereby the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 14 is controlled for each display dot region D between the TN structure and the vertical alignment. As a result, the light supplied to the liquid crystal layer 14 is modulated for each display dot region D. When the modulated light passes through the polarizing plate 16a (see FIG. 2) on the element substrate 11, the passage is allowed or blocked for each display dot region D according to the polarization characteristics of the polarizing plate 16a. As a result, images such as letters, numbers, figures, etc. are displayed on the surface of the element substrate 11 and are visually recognized from the direction of the arrow A.

  Hereinafter, a touch panel as an input panel used in the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 5 shows the liquid crystal display device 1 of FIG. 2 in a plan view from the direction of the arrow A. As shown in FIG. 2, the touch panel 5 has a plurality of grooves 36 formed on the surface of the rear substrate 32 on the front substrate 31 side. These grooves 36 are, for example, formed in a wave shape or a triangular shape in cross section. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, these grooves 36 are formed as a pattern inclined with respect to one side 32 a of the back side substrate 32 located on the projecting portion 17 side of the liquid crystal panel 2. Further, the pitch of these grooves 36, that is, the interval P between the ridge lines 36a of the adjacent grooves 36 can be formed to be about 40 μm.

  The angles at which these grooves 36 are inclined are defined by the angle θ formed by the row of display dots D along the direction of arrow E, which is the viewing direction of the display surface 21, and the ridge line 36 a of the groove 36. In the present embodiment, the angle θ is 0 degree when parallel to the row where the display dots D are arranged, and 90 degrees when parallel to the side 32 a of the back substrate 32. Such a pattern of the grooves 36 can be formed at the same time when the back side substrate 32 of the touch panel 5 is formed by molding using, for example, a resin.

  The plurality of grooves 36 are provided in order to prevent Newton rings from occurring in the image displayed on the display surface 21. The touch panel 5 shown in FIG. 2 has a structure in which a translucent front substrate 31 and a translucent back substrate 32 are stacked. Such a touch panel 5 has a gap between the front side substrate 31 and the back side substrate 32, and the light reflected by the front side substrate 31 interferes with the light reflected by the back side substrate 32. Newton rings may occur. On the other hand, if a plurality of grooves 36 are provided on the surface on the front substrate 31 side of the rear substrate 32 that is in a plane parallel to the display surface 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2, an image displayed on the display surface 21. Can prevent Newton's rings from occurring.

  By the way, when the above-mentioned panel having the groove 36 on the back side substrate 32 is attached to the liquid crystal display device 1 as the touch panel 5, from the column formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 2. The light that exits and the light that exits the groove 36 may interfere with each other. In this case, interference fringes may occur in an image displayed on the display surface of the liquid crystal panel.

  In this regard, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the angle formed between the row of display dots D and the ridge line 36 a of the groove 36 along the direction of arrow E, which is the display viewing direction, is 25 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 65. A range of degrees. This is the angle range indicated by θ1 in FIG. Thereby, it is possible to prevent interference between light emitted from the row formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 2 and light emitted from the groove 36. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of interference fringes in the display on the display surface 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2.

  In the present embodiment, the case in which the direction in which the groove 36 is inclined is ascending to the right when viewed from the direction of arrow E, which is the visual recognition direction of the display, is illustrated. However, the direction in which the groove 36 is inclined may be a left shoulder as viewed from the direction of the arrow E. That is, the angle θ formed between the row of display dots D along the arrow E, which is the direction in which the display on the liquid crystal panel 2 is visually recognized, and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36 is θ1 ′ in FIG. 5 (where 115 ° ≦ θ1 ′ ≦ 155 degrees). Even in this case, it is possible to prevent interference between the light emitted from the column formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 2 and the light emitted from the groove 36. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of interference fringes in the display on the display surface 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the touch panel 5 is installed with a gap G <b> 0 of 0.2 mm or more between the liquid crystal panel 2. In the present embodiment, since the liquid crystal panel 2 has the polarizing plate 16 a as the outermost layer, a gap G 0 of 0.2 mm or more is provided between the polarizing plate 16 a and the touch panel 5. In the liquid crystal display device 1, the touch panel 5 can have a function as a protective panel for protecting the liquid crystal panel 2. However, when the touch panel 5 is used, when the front side substrate 31 is pressed, the back side substrate 32 in contact with the front side substrate 31 may be bent together. Thereby, the display surface 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2 and the back side substrate 32 may come into contact with each other and damage the liquid crystal panel 2.

  If the gap G0 of 0.2 mm or more is provided between the touch panel 5 and the liquid crystal panel 2 as described above, the back side substrate 32 of the touch panel 5 can be prevented from coming into contact with the liquid crystal panel 2. Thereby, the touch panel 5 can protect the liquid crystal panel 2 reliably.

(Second embodiment of electro-optical device)
FIG. 6 shows a liquid crystal display device 51 which is another embodiment of the electro-optical device according to the invention. The liquid crystal display device 51 shown here is different from the previous embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in that, in the liquid crystal panel 52 of FIG. 6, a light diffusion layer is provided between the polarizing plate 16a on the display surface 21 side and the touch panel 5. The antiglare layer 41 is provided. Further, in the present embodiment, in association with the provision of the antiglare layer 41, the following modification is added to the arrangement of the plurality of grooves 36 provided on the surface of the back side substrate 32 of the touch panel 5. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the same elements as those in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional structure of the polarizing plate 16a of FIG. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the polarizing plate 16 a includes a polarizer 43 that polarizes light, and protective films 42 a and 42 b provided on both surfaces of the polarizer 43, respectively. These protective films 42a and 42b can be formed of, for example, TAC (Triacetylcellulose).

  An adhesive layer 44 is provided on the outer surface of the protective film 42b on the side close to the first translucent substrate 11a (see FIG. 6). This adhesive layer 44 is affixed to the surface of the liquid crystal panel 52 of FIG. In FIG. 7, an antiglare layer 41 as a light diffusion layer is provided on the outer surface of the other protective film 42a. The antiglare layer 41 can be formed, for example, by applying a resin containing a plurality of spherical particles 45 having a diameter of about 3 μm on the surface of the protective film 42a.

  The polarizing plate 16a formed as described above has a function of transmitting linearly polarized light directed in one direction and not transmitting other polarized light by absorption, dispersion, or the like. And the anti-glare layer 41 provided on the surface of the polarizing plate 16a contains a plurality of particles 45 so that a fine uneven shape is formed on the surface. Due to the uneven shape, the light passing through the antiglare layer 41 is appropriately diffused. Note that the antiglare layer 41 can also be formed, for example, by providing irregularities on the surface of an arbitrary layer through which light can pass.

  According to the liquid crystal display device 51 having the above configuration, the antiglare layer 41 is provided on the opposite side of the liquid crystal panel 52 with the polarizing plate 16a of FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the angle θ formed between the row of display dots D along the direction of arrow E, which is the display viewing direction, and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36 is 0 ° <θ ≦ 25 ° or 65 ° ≦ The range was θ ≦ 90 degrees. This is the angle range indicated by θ2 or θ3 in FIG. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the light emitted from the column formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 52 from interfering with the light emitted from the groove 36. As a result, it is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring in the display on the display surface 21 of the liquid crystal panel 52 of FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the case in which the direction in which the groove 36 is inclined is ascending to the right when viewed from the direction of arrow E, which is the visual recognition direction of the display, is illustrated. However, the direction in which the groove 36 is inclined may be a left shoulder as viewed from the direction of the arrow E. That is, the angle θ formed between the row of display dots D along the arrow E that is the direction in which the display on the liquid crystal panel 52 is visually recognized and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36 is θ2 ′ (however, 155 degrees ≦ θ2 ′ < 180 degrees) or θ3 ′ (where 90 degrees ≦ θ3 ′ ≦ 115 degrees). Even in these cases, it is possible to prevent interference between the light emitted from the column formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 52 and the light emitted from the groove 36. As a result, it is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring in the display on the display surface 21 of the liquid crystal panel 52.

  In FIG. 7, the optical element composed of the polarizing plate 16a and the antiglare layer 41 has a haze value α of 0% ≦ α ≦ 50%. The haze value α is one of physical property values indicating a light diffusing function as an optical characteristic. In the above optical element, the larger the haze value α, the stronger the diffusion function. If the diffusion function is strengthened, interference fringes can be prevented from occurring on the display of the liquid crystal panel 52, but if the diffusion function is too strong, the display of the liquid crystal panel 52 may be blurred. If the haze value of the optical element composed of the polarizing plate 16a and the antiglare layer 41 is set to 0% ≦ α ≦ 50%, the display of the liquid crystal panel 52 will not be blurred. Furthermore, it is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of interference fringes in the display of the liquid crystal panel 52.

(Third embodiment of electro-optical device)
Hereinafter, the electro-optical device according to the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device of an active matrix type using an amorphous silicon TFT (Thin Film Transistor) element as a switching element, which is a transmissive type and capable of color display. This will be described as an example. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment. Further, the same elements as those used in the liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 2 will not be described in detail in order to avoid overlapping description.

  In FIG. 8, a liquid crystal display device 61 of this embodiment includes a liquid crystal panel 62, a driving IC 63 as a semiconductor element mounted on the liquid crystal panel 62, an illumination device 64, and the touch panel 5 as an input panel. . The illumination device 64 is disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 62 when viewed from the observation side on which the arrow A is drawn, and functions as a backlight.

  The illuminating device 64 includes a light source 66 configured by a point light source such as an LED or the like, a linear light source such as a cold cathode tube, and the like, and a light guide 67 formed of a translucent resin. A light reflection layer 68 is provided on the back side of the light guide 67 as viewed from the observation side, if necessary. A light diffusion layer 69 is provided on the observation side of the light guide 67 as necessary. The light incident surface 67a of the light guide 67 extends in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 8, and light generated from the light source 66 is introduced into the light guide 67 through the light incident surface 67a.

  The liquid crystal panel 62 is formed by bonding the element substrate 71 and the color filter substrate 72 with a sealing material 73. The sealing material 73 is formed in a square or rectangular frame shape when viewed from the arrow A direction. In a cell gap formed between the element substrate 71 and the color filter substrate 72, a liquid crystal as an electro-optical material, for example, a TN liquid crystal is sealed to form a liquid crystal layer 74. The cell gap is held at a constant interval by, for example, a photo spacer 80 having a cylindrical shape.

  The element substrate 71 includes a first light-transmitting substrate 71a that is rectangular or square as viewed from the observation side indicated by an arrow A. The first translucent substrate 71a is formed of translucent glass, translucent plastic, or the like, for example. A polarizing plate 76b is attached to the outer surface of the first light transmitting substrate 71a by sticking or the like.

  A plurality of TFT elements 79 as active elements, switching elements, or non-linear resistance elements are provided on the inner surface of the first translucent substrate 71a, and further, dot electrodes 88a are attached to the individual TFT elements 79. The plurality of dot electrodes 88a are formed by, for example, a photoetching process using ITO as a material, and are arranged in a dot matrix as viewed from the observation side.

  An alignment film 89a is formed on the TFT element 79 and the dot electrode 88a. The alignment film 89a is subjected to an alignment process, for example, a rubbing process, whereby the initial alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the alignment film 89a is determined. The alignment film 89a is formed, for example, by applying and baking a polyimide solution, or by offset printing.

  The TFT element 79 used in the present embodiment is an amorphous silicon TFT. As shown in FIG. 9, the TFT element 79 is a semiconductor formed by a gate electrode 96, a gate insulating film 97, a-Si (amorphous silicon), and the like. A layer 98, a source electrode 99, and a drain electrode 95 are provided. The drain electrode 95 has one end connected to the semiconductor layer 98 and the other end connected to the dot electrode 88a. The source electrode 99 is formed as a part of the source electrode line 99 'extending in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. Further, the gate electrode 96 extends from the gate electrode line 96 'extending in a direction perpendicular to the source electrode line 99', that is, in the left-right direction in FIG.

  Returning to FIG. 8, the color filter substrate 72 facing the element substrate 71 includes a second light-transmitting substrate 72 a that is rectangular or square as viewed from the observation side indicated by the arrow A. The second light transmissive substrate 72a is made of, for example, light transmissive glass, light transmissive plastic, or the like. A polarizing plate 76a as a polarizing layer is attached to the outer surface of the second light transmitting substrate 72a by sticking or the like.

  A light shielding member 86 is provided on the inner surface of the second translucent substrate 72a in a lattice shape when viewed from the direction of the arrow A. The coloring elements 85 are provided in a plurality of spaces surrounded by the light shielding member 86. The plurality of colored elements 85 are colored in any of B, G, R or C, M, Y, and these colored elements 85 are arranged in a predetermined arrangement, for example, a stripe arrangement, a mosaic arrangement, or a delta arrangement as viewed from the direction of arrow A. It is arranged.

  An overcoat layer 87 is provided on the light shielding member 86 and the coloring element 85, a common electrode 88b is provided thereon, and an alignment film 89b is further provided thereon. The common electrode 88b is formed by, for example, a photoetching process using ITO as a material. The common electrode 88b is a planar electrode formed with a uniform thickness on the second translucent substrate 72a. The alignment film 89b is subjected to an alignment process such as a rubbing process, whereby the initial alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the alignment film 89b is determined.

  The overcoat layer 87 is formed, for example, by applying and baking an epoxy or acrylic resin material, or by performing a photolithography process on the epoxy resin or acrylic resin material as necessary. Is done. In addition, the alignment film 89b is formed by, for example, applying and baking a polyimide solution, or by offset printing.

  Next, the plurality of dot electrodes 88a formed on the element substrate 71 are arranged in a dot matrix as viewed from the direction of the arrow A. These dot electrodes 88a overlap the common electrode 88b when viewed from the direction of the arrow A. Thus, the area where the dot electrode 88a and the common electrode 88b overlap constitutes the display dot D which is the minimum area for display. The individual coloring elements 85 on the color filter substrate 72 are provided corresponding to the display dots D. In the case of monochrome display that does not use the coloring elements 85, one pixel is formed by one display dot D. However, in the case of a structure that performs color display using the three colored elements 85 as in the present embodiment. , One pixel is formed by a collection of three colored elements 85 of B, G, and R.

  The element substrate 71 projects to the outside of the color filter substrate 72 to form a projecting portion 77. The liquid crystal driving IC 63 is mounted on the surface of the overhanging portion 77. This mounting can be performed using, for example, COG technology using ACF75. A plurality of wirings 78 and a plurality of external connection terminals 83 are formed on the surface of the overhang portion 77 by a photoetching process. Some of the plurality of wirings 78 are directly connected to the source electrode line 99 ′ (see FIG. 9) and the gate electrode line 96 ′ on the element substrate 71. Further, the remaining part of the plurality of wirings 78 is connected to the common electrode 88 b on the color filter substrate 72 side via a conductive material 84 dispersed inside the seal material 73.

  According to the liquid crystal display device 61 configured as described above, in FIG. 8, when the light source 66 of the illumination device 64 is turned on, the light from the light source 66 is guided from the light incident surface 67 a of the light guide 67 to the light guide 67. Furthermore, it emits as planar light from the light emitting surface 67b. The emitted light passes through the element substrate 71 and is supplied to the liquid crystal layer 74.

  Thus, while light is supplied to the liquid crystal layer 74, a predetermined voltage defined by the scanning signal and the data signal is displayed between the dot electrode 88a on the element substrate 71 side and the common electrode 88b on the color filter substrate 72 side. Applied to each dot region D, whereby the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 74 is controlled for each display dot D between the TN structure and the vertical alignment, and as a result, supplied to the liquid crystal layer 74. Light is modulated for each display dot D. When the modulated light passes through the polarizing plate 76b, it is allowed or blocked from passing for each display dot D according to the polarization characteristics of the polarizing plate 76b, whereby characters, numbers are displayed on the surface of the color filter substrate 72. An image such as a figure is displayed and is visually recognized from the direction of arrow A. At this time, the light shielding member 86 functions as a black mask for preventing light from leaking from between the display dots D.

  The touch panel 5 used for the liquid crystal display device 61 described above is the same as the touch panel 5 used for the liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 2 and the liquid crystal display device 51 shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the touch panel 5 has a plurality of grooves 36 formed on the surface of the rear substrate 32 on the front substrate 31 side. These grooves 36 are, for example, formed in a wave shape or a triangular shape in cross section. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, these grooves 36 are formed in a pattern inclined with respect to one side 32 a of the back-side substrate 32 located on the projecting portion 17 side of the liquid crystal panel 2.

  The angles at which the grooves 36 are inclined are defined by the angle θ formed by the row of display dots D along the direction of arrow E, which is the viewing direction of the display surface 81, and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36. In the present embodiment, the angle θ is 0 degree when parallel to the row where the display dots D are arranged, and 90 degrees when parallel to the side 31 a of the back side substrate 32. Such a pattern of the grooves 36 can be formed simultaneously when the back side substrate 32 of the touch panel 5 is formed by molding.

  By the way, when the above-mentioned panel having the groove 36 on the back side substrate 32 is attached to the liquid crystal display device 61 as the touch panel 5, the column formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 62 is used. The light that exits and the light that exits the groove 36 may interfere with each other. In this case, interference fringes may occur in the image displayed on the display surface 81 of the liquid crystal panel 72.

  In this regard, in the present embodiment, the angle formed between the row of display dots D along the direction of arrow E, which is the display viewing direction, and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36 is in the range of 25 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 65 degrees. This is the angle range indicated by θ1 in FIG. Thereby, it is possible to prevent interference between the light emitted from the row formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 62 and the light emitted from the groove 36. As a result, it is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring on the display on the display surface 81 of the liquid crystal panel 62.

  In the present embodiment, the case in which the direction in which the groove 36 is inclined is ascending to the right when viewed from the direction of arrow E, which is the visual recognition direction of the display, is illustrated. However, the direction in which the groove 36 is inclined may be a left shoulder as viewed from the direction of the arrow E. That is, the angle θ formed between the row of display dots D along the arrow E, which is the direction in which the display on the liquid crystal panel 62 is viewed, and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36 is θ1 ′ in FIG. 5 (where 115 ° ≦ θ1 ′ ≦ 155 degrees). Even in this case, it is possible to prevent interference between the light emitted from the column formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 62 and the light emitted from the groove 36. As a result, it is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring on the display on the display surface 81 of the liquid crystal panel 62.

(Embodiment 4 of electro-optical device)
FIG. 10 shows a liquid crystal display device 101 which is another embodiment of the electro-optical device according to the invention. The liquid crystal display device 101 shown here is different from the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8 in that a light diffusion layer is provided between the polarizing plate 76a on the display surface 81 side and the touch panel 5 in the liquid crystal panel 102 of FIG. The anti-glare layer 91 is provided. Further, in the present embodiment, in association with the provision of the antiglare layer 91, the following modification is added to the arrangement of the plurality of grooves 36 provided on the surface of the back side substrate 32 of the touch panel 5. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the same elements as those in the embodiment shown in FIG.

  The antiglare layer 91 in FIG. 10 is the same as the antiglare layer 41 in FIG. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the polarizing plate 76 a includes a polarizer 43 that polarizes light, and protective films 42 a and 42 b provided on both surfaces of the polarizer 43, respectively. These protective films 42a and 42b can be formed of, for example, TAC (Triacetylcellulose).

  An adhesive layer 44 is provided on the outer surface of the protective film 42b on the side disposed close to the first translucent substrate 72a (see FIG. 10). This adhesive layer 44 is affixed to the surface of the liquid crystal panel 102 of FIG. In FIG. 7, an antiglare layer 91 as a light diffusion layer is provided on the outer surface of the other protective film 42a. The antiglare layer 91 can be formed, for example, by applying a resin containing a plurality of spherical particles 45 having a diameter of about 3 μm on the surface of the protective film 42a.

  The polarizing plate 76a formed as described above has a function of transmitting linearly polarized light directed in one direction and not transmitting other polarized light by absorption, dispersion, or the like. The anti-glare layer 91 provided on the surface of the polarizing plate 76a includes a plurality of particles 45 so that a fine uneven shape is formed on the surface. Due to the uneven shape, the light passing through the antiglare layer 91 is appropriately diffused. The antiglare layer 91 can also be formed by providing irregularities on the surface of an arbitrary layer that can transmit light, for example.

  According to the liquid crystal display device 101 having the above configuration, the antiglare layer 91 is provided on the opposite side of the liquid crystal panel 102 with the polarizing plate 76a of FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the angle θ formed between the row of display dots D along the direction of arrow E, which is the display viewing direction, and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36 is 0 ° <θ ≦ 25 ° or 65 ° ≦ The range was θ ≦ 90 degrees. This is the angle range indicated by θ2 or θ3 in FIG. Thereby, it is possible to prevent interference between light emitted from the column formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 102 and light emitted from the groove 36. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of interference fringes in the display on the display surface 81 of the liquid crystal panel 102 of FIG.

  In the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the case in which the direction in which the groove 36 is inclined is ascending to the right when viewed from the arrow E direction, which is the display viewing direction, is illustrated. However, the direction in which the groove 36 is inclined may be a left shoulder as viewed from the direction of the arrow E. That is, the angle θ formed by the row of display dots D along the arrow E, which is the direction in which the display on the liquid crystal panel 102 is visually recognized, and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36 is θ2 ′ (however, 155 degrees ≦ θ2 ′ < 180 degrees) or θ3 ′ (where 90 degrees ≦ θ3 ′ ≦ 115 degrees). Even in these cases, it is possible to prevent the light emitted from the row formed by the plurality of display dots D provided in the liquid crystal panel 102 from interfering with the light emitted from the groove 36. As a result, it is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring in the display on the display surface 81 of the liquid crystal panel 102.

  In FIG. 7, the optical element composed of the polarizing plate 76a and the antiglare layer 91 has a haze value α of 0% ≦ α ≦ 50%. The haze value α is one of physical property values indicating a light diffusing function as an optical characteristic. In the optical element, the diffusion function becomes stronger as the haze value α increases. If the diffusion function is strengthened, interference fringes can be prevented from appearing on the display of the liquid crystal panel 102, but if the diffusion function is too strong, the display of the liquid crystal panel 102 may be blurred. If the haze value of the optical element composed of the polarizing plate 76a and the antiglare layer 91 is set to 0% ≦ α ≦ 50%, the display of the liquid crystal panel 102 will not be blurred. Furthermore, it is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of interference fringes in the display of the liquid crystal panel 102.

(Other embodiments)
The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention described in the claims.

  In the above embodiment, the groove 36 of the touch panel 5 is provided on the observation side surface of the back side substrate 32 as shown in FIG. However, the groove 36 may be provided on another surface as long as it is parallel to the display surface 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2. For example, the groove 36 may be provided on the observation side surface of the front substrate 31, the opposite surface of the front substrate 31 on the observation side, or the surface of the rear substrate 32 facing the liquid crystal panel 2.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, an amorphous silicon TFT element is exemplified as the switching element. However, the TFT element is not limited to amorphous silicon, and may be a TFT element using polysilicon.

  In the above embodiment, the liquid crystal display device is exemplified as the electro-optical device. However, the present invention is not limited to the organic EL device, the inorganic EL device, the plasma display device, the electrophoretic display device, and the field emission display device (that is, the field emission display device). It can also be applied to various electro-optical devices such as

(Embodiment of electronic device)
Hereinafter, an electronic device according to the present invention will be described with reference to embodiments. In addition, this embodiment shows an example of this invention and this invention is not limited to this embodiment.

  FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of an electronic apparatus according to the invention. The electronic apparatus shown here includes a liquid crystal display device 111 and a control circuit 110 that controls the liquid crystal display device 111. The control circuit 110 includes a display information output source 114, a display information processing circuit 115, a power supply circuit 116, and a timing generator 117. The liquid crystal display device 111 includes a liquid crystal panel 112 and a drive circuit 113.

  The display information output source 114 includes a memory such as a RAM (Random Access Memory), a storage unit such as various disks, a tuning circuit that tunes and outputs a digital image signal, and various clock signals generated by the timing generator 117. Based on the above, display information such as an image signal in a predetermined format is supplied to the display information processing circuit 115.

  Next, the display information processing circuit 115 includes a number of well-known circuits such as an amplification / inversion circuit, a rotation circuit, a gamma correction circuit, a clamp circuit, and the like, executes processing of input display information, and outputs an image signal. It is supplied to the drive circuit 113 together with the clock signal CLK. Here, the drive circuit 113 is a generic term for an inspection circuit and the like together with a scanning line drive circuit and a data line drive circuit. The power supply circuit 116 supplies a predetermined power supply voltage to each of the above components.

  As the liquid crystal display device 111, for example, the liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystal display device 51 shown in FIG. 6, the liquid crystal display device 61 shown in FIG. 8, or the liquid crystal display device 101 shown in FIG. Can be configured. In the liquid crystal display devices 1, 51, 61, 101, the liquid crystal panel is formed by inclining the grooves of the touch panel, which is an input panel, with respect to the columns in the viewing direction of the plurality of display dots provided on the liquid crystal panel. It is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring in the display. Therefore, even in an electronic apparatus using this liquid crystal display device, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of interference fringes in the display, so that a clear display can be performed.

  FIG. 12 shows a mobile phone which is another embodiment of the electronic apparatus according to the invention. A cellular phone 120 shown here has a main body 121 and a display body 122 provided on the main body 121 so as to be opened and closed. A display device 123 configured by an electro-optical device such as a liquid crystal display device is disposed inside the display body portion 122, and various displays related to telephone communication can be visually recognized on the display body portion 122 on the display screen 124. Operation buttons 126 are arranged on the main body 121.

  An antenna 127 is attached to one end portion of the display body portion 122 so as to be stretchable. A speaker (not shown) is arranged inside the receiver 128 provided at the upper part of the display body 132. In addition, a microphone (not shown) is incorporated in the transmitter 129 provided at the lower end of the main body 121. A control unit for controlling the operation of the display device 123 is stored in the main body unit 121 or the display body unit 122 as a part of the control unit that controls the entire mobile phone or separately from the control unit. The

  The display device 123 uses, for example, the liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystal display device 51 shown in FIG. 6, the liquid crystal display device 61 shown in FIG. 8, or the liquid crystal display device 101 shown in FIG. Can be configured. In the liquid crystal display devices 1, 51, 61, 101, the liquid crystal panel is formed by inclining the grooves of the touch panel, which is an input panel, with respect to the columns in the viewing direction of the plurality of display dots provided on the liquid crystal panel. It is possible to prevent interference fringes from occurring in the display. Accordingly, even in the cellular phone 120 of FIG. 12 using this liquid crystal display device, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of interference fringes on the display, and thus a clear display can be performed.

(Modification)
In addition to the above-described mobile phones and the like as electronic devices, personal computers, liquid crystal televisions, viewfinder type or monitor direct view type video tape recorders, car navigation devices, pagers, electronic notebooks, calculators, word processors, Examples include workstations, video phones, and POS terminals.

  Next, the inventor does not provide the antiglare layer in the liquid crystal display device, that is, the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 and the liquid crystal display device 61 of the present invention shown in FIG. The angle θ formed between the row of display dots D along the direction of arrow E, which is the viewing direction, and the ridge line 36a of the groove 36 is (a) 25 degrees or less, (b) 25 degrees to 30 degrees, and (c) 30 degrees. Four types of touch panels 5 having -60 degrees, (d) 60 degrees to 65 degrees, and (e) 65 degrees to 90 degrees were prepared. Further, when the present inventor provides an antiglare layer in the liquid crystal display device, that is, for the liquid crystal display device 51 of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 and the liquid crystal display device 101 of the present invention shown in FIG. A touch panel 5 having (f) 25 degrees or less and (g) 65 degrees to 90 degrees was prepared.

  The liquid crystal display device using the seven types of touch panels (a) to (g) above was operated to perform display, and each display was observed by visual observation, and an evaluation was made regarding the presence or absence of interference fringes in each display. As a result of this evaluation, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained. Regarding the symbols in Table 1, “◎” indicates that there is no interference fringe, “○” indicates that there is almost no interference fringe and there is no practical problem, and “×” indicates that there is interference fringe and is practical. It is a case where it cannot be used.

  As is apparent from the results in Table 1, it was found that when the tilt angle θ of the touch panel is in the range of 30 to 60 degrees, no interference fringes are generated and a good display can be obtained. When the angle θ is smaller than this, interference fringes are generated. However, when the angle θ is in the range of 25 degrees to 30 degrees, a display having no practical problem was obtained. Further, when the angle θ is 25 degrees or less, practical display cannot be obtained due to the interference fringes. Further, when the angle θ is larger than 60 degrees, interference fringes are generated. However, when the angle θ is in the range of 60 degrees to 65 degrees, a display having no practical problem was obtained. Further, when the angle θ is 65 degrees or more, practical display cannot be obtained due to the interference fringes. However, when the angle θ is 0 ° to 25 ° and 65 ° to 90 °, it is possible to obtain a display that is practically free from trouble by providing the antiglare layer.

Next, the inventor does not provide the antiglare layer in the liquid crystal display device, that is, the liquid crystal panels 2 and 62 with respect to the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 and the liquid crystal display device 61 of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, the interval P between the ridge lines 36 a of the adjacent grooves 36 of the touch panel 5 shown in FIG. 5, and the angle θ formed between the row along the viewing direction E of the display dots D and the ridge lines 36 a of the grooves 36,
S = 202ppi
P = 40 μm
Liquid crystal display devices having θ = 30 degrees were prepared, and the display of these liquid crystal display devices was observed. As a result of the observation, it was found that no interference fringes occurred and the best display was obtained.

1 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of an electro-optical device according to the invention. It is sectional drawing of the electro-optical apparatus according to the BB line of FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of the electro-optical device shown in FIG. 2. It is a top view which shows the pixel structure of a liquid crystal display device according to the arrow A of FIG. It is a top view which shows the relationship between a groove | channel and a display dot according to arrow A of FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the electro-optical device according to the invention. It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the polarizing plate shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the electro-optical device according to the invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a main part of the electro-optical device illustrated in FIG. 8. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the electro-optical device according to the invention. It is a block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the electronic device which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows other embodiment of the electronic device which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1, 51, 61, 101. Liquid crystal display devices (electro-optical devices),
2, 52, 62, 102. LCD panel (electro-optical panel),
3,63. Driving IC 4,64. 4. lighting device; Touch panel,
6,66. Light source 7,67. Light guide, 7a, 67a. Light incident surface,
7b, 67b. Light exit surface 8,68. Light reflecting layer, 9,69. Light diffusion layer,
11, 71. Element substrate, 11a, 71a. A first translucent substrate,
12, 72. Color filter substrate, 12a, 72a. A second translucent substrate,
13, 73. Sealing material 14,74. Liquid crystal layer, 15,75. ACF
16a, 76a. Polarizing plates (polarizing layers), 16b, 76b. Polarizer,
17, 77. Overhang, 18. Line wiring, 19. TFD element, 20. Spacer,
21,81. Display surface, 23. Resin layer, 24. Reflective layer,
25, 85. Coloring elements, 26,86. Light shielding member,
27, 87. Overcoat layer, 28a, 88a. Dot electrode, 28b. Strip electrode,
29a, 29b, 89a, 89b. Alignment film, 31. Front side substrate, 32. Back side board,
33. Sealing material 34a, 34b. Surface electrodes, 35a, 35b. Low resistance electrode,
36. Grooves, 36a. Groove ridge line, 37. Spacers, 38. Adhesive member,
39. 41. External connection terminals Anti-glare layer (light diffusion layer),
42a, 42b. Protective layer, 43. Polarizer, 44. Adhesive layer, 45. particle,
46. Conductive material, 48. Opening, 49,83. 78. External connection terminal wiring,
79. TFT element, 80. A photo spacer, 88b. Common electrode,
95. Drain electrode, 96. A gate electrode, 96 '. Gate electrode wire,
97. 98. gate insulating film Semiconductor layer, 99. Source electrode,
99 '. 110 source electrode lines Control circuit, 111. Liquid crystal display,
112. Liquid crystal panel, 113. Drive circuit, 120. Mobile phones (electronic devices),
121. Main body, 122. Display body part, 123. Display device, 124. Display screen,
L0. External light, Ls. Transmitted light; Reflector, T. Transmission part,
P. Spacing between adjacent groove ridges; resolution,

Claims (9)

An electro-optical panel that displays on a display surface using a plurality of display dots arranged in a matrix;
An input panel for detecting the position of the pressed area;
The input panel has a plurality of grooves provided in a plane parallel to the display surface of the electro-optical panel,
When the angle formed between the row along the viewing direction of the display dots and the ridgeline of the groove is θ,
An electro-optical device, wherein 25 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 65 degrees.   2. The electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of grooves are grooves that prevent Newton rings from being generated in an image displayed on the display surface. 3. The electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein when the resolution of the electro-optical panel is S,
100 ppi ≦ S ≦ 300 ppi
An electro-optical device characterized by the above. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 or 2,
The electro-optical panel has a resolution of 202 ppi,
The interval between the ridge lines of the adjacent grooves is 40 μm,
An electro-optical device, wherein an angle θ formed by a row along the viewing direction of the display dots and a ridge line of the groove is 30 degrees.   5. The electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the input panel includes a pair of electrodes opposed to each other, and the position is detected by bringing the pair of electrodes into contact with each other. An electro-optical device, wherein the plurality of grooves are provided closer to the electro-optical panel than the pair of electrodes. An electro-optical panel for displaying on a display surface using a polarizing layer and a plurality of display dots arranged in a matrix;
An input panel for detecting the position of the pressed area;
A light diffusion layer provided between the polarizing layer and the input panel;
The input panel has a plurality of grooves provided in a plane parallel to the display surface of the electro-optical panel,
When the angle formed between the row along the viewing direction of the display dots and the ridgeline of the groove is θ,
0 degrees <θ ≤ 25 degrees or
An electro-optical device, wherein 65 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 90 degrees. The electro-optical device according to claim 6, wherein a haze value α of an optical element formed by the polarizing layer and the diffusion layer is
0% ≦ α ≦ 50%
An electro-optical device characterized by the above.   8. The electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein a gap of 0.2 mm or more is provided between the input panel and the electro-optical panel. An electronic apparatus comprising the electro-optical device according to claim 1.

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