JP4913780B2 - Ventilation device and ventilation system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilation device and a ventilation system for ventilating a room in a house.

  It is preferable that the room provided in the house is always filled with fresh air. For this reason, ventilation is performed.

  A technique relating to ventilation in a house is described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-173834). Patent Document 1 describes that ventilation is performed by a fan that is provided with a passage that communicates with a ventilation port provided in the upper part of a house and an exhaust port and that is driven by a solar cell installed in the upper part of the building ventilation body. .

  As in Patent Document 1, when ventilation is performed using a fan, power is consumed to move the fan. From the viewpoint of energy saving, it is desirable that the energy used for ventilation is saved.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-173834

  An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation device and a ventilation system that can perform ventilation with energy saving.

  In the following, means for solving the problem will be described using reference numerals with parentheses used in [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]. These symbols are added to clarify the correspondence between the description of [Claims] and the description of [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention], and [Claims] It should not be used for the interpretation of the technical scope of the invention described in.

The ventilation apparatus which concerns on this invention comprises the heat collection box (2) arrange | positioned on the roof (1) of a house. The heat collection box (2) has a light incident surface for allowing sunlight to enter the heat collection box (2), and the sunlight in the heat collection box (2). A heat radiation plate (21) for providing heat to the outside, an external connection port (28) for communicating the inside of the heat collection box (2) with the outside, and the room (5) in the house for the inside of the heat collection box (2) A first connection port (32) for communication is provided. The heat radiation plate (21) is disposed so as to expand the air in the heat collection box (2) by applying heat to the sunlight in the heat collection box (2). When the air in the heat collection box (2) expands, an air flow that flows from the room in the house to the outside through the heat collection box (2) is generated.
According to this invention, the inside of the heat collection box (2) is warmed by sunlight. As a result, the air in the heat collection box (2) expands and flows from the external connection port (28) to the outside. Air is introduced from the room (5) into the heat collection box (2) through the first connection port (32) by the flow of air from the heat collection box (2) to the outside. That is, the air in the room (5) flows to the outside through the heat collection box (2). At this time, since the air flow is naturally generated, no energy is required for ventilation. That is, the room (5) can be ventilated with energy saving.

  The light incident surface is preferably formed of glass. Glass transmits sunlight efficiently. Glass is also excellent in strength.

  The heat radiation plate (21) is preferably a metal plate. The metal plate radiates incident sunlight efficiently as heat.

  The heat radiation plate (21) is preferably arranged so as to extend in the vertical direction in the heat collection box (3). As the heat radiation plate (21) extends in the vertical direction, sunlight is irradiated onto the heat radiation plate over a large area. As a result, the air in the heat collection box (2) can be efficiently warmed.

  In the above ventilator, the heat radiation plate (21) is preferably bent so as to receive sunlight from at least two surfaces. In Japan, the sun rises from the east and sinks to the west. The position of the sun during the day is on the south side. Since the heat radiation plate (21) is bent, sunlight can be received by the heat radiation plate (21) even if the position of the sun changes.

In the above ventilator, the solar cell (3) is arranged on the roof (1) at a position different from the heat collection box (2). The solar cell (3) shall be arrange | positioned so that a clearance gap (9) may be formed between the roof (1). The gap (9) is formed to communicate with the outside of the house at one end and to be connected to the heat exchanger (4) at the other end. At this time, the heat collection box (2) is provided with a second connection port (31) for communicating the gap (9) and the inside of the heat collection box (2) via the heat exchanger (4). It is preferable.
According to this invention, the outside air is introduced into the gap (9) by the air flow generated by the heat collection box (2). With the solar cell (3), the ultraviolet component of sunlight is used for power generation. However, the infrared component of sunlight is not used by the solar cell (3) but is converted into heat. Therefore, in the lower part of the solar cell (3), the air taken into the gap (9) is heated. Heated air is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 4. The heat exchanger 4 can use the amount of heat of the air sent from the gap (9), for example, for hot water supply. On the other hand, the air after heat exchange is performed by the heat exchanger 4 is sent to the heat collection box (2) and is exhausted to the outside from the heat collection box (2). Thus, according to the present invention, heat generated in the lower part of the solar cell (3) by sunlight can be exchanged with the heat exchanger 4 using the airflow generated by the heat collection box (2).

  The interior of the heat collection box (2) is partitioned into a first chamber (25) and a second chamber (26) by a heat radiation plate (21), and the first connection port (32) is the first chamber ( 25), and the second connection port (31) is preferably provided in the second chamber (26).

  It is preferable that a net-like body (10) for preventing intrusion of birds and rainwater is attached to the external connection port (28).

  The above ventilator is further attached to the outside of the heat collection box (2) to prevent wind along the roof (1) from being introduced into the heat collection box (2) from the external connection port (28). It is preferable to provide a windbreak plate (29).

  The ventilation system which concerns on this invention comprises said ventilation apparatus and a house.

In the above ventilation system, the house is provided with a ventilation path (8) for communicating the inside of the heat collection box (2) with the floor of the room (5) and the ventilation path (8). It is preferable that a fan (11) for generating an air flow from 2) to the floor below is provided.
In winter, it is desirable to warm the room (5). According to this invention, the air warmed in the heat collection box (2) can be sent under the floor. Thereby, heat can be stored under the floor. If the heat under the floor is supplied into the room (5), the room (5) can be warmed.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the ventilation apparatus and ventilation system which do not require motive power and can perform ventilation with energy saving are provided.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a ventilation system according to the present embodiment. This ventilation system includes a house and a solar ventilation box 2 (hereinafter referred to as a heat collection box). A room 5 is provided in the house. The ventilation system according to the present embodiment is a system for ventilating the room 5.

  A schematic configuration of the ventilation system will be described.

  The heat collection box 2 is arranged on the house roof. Specifically, an air chamber 34 is provided on the roof 1 of the house, and the heat collection box 2 is disposed on the air chamber 34. The bottom of the heat collection box 2 is formed by a bottom plate 23. A heat insulating material 24 is disposed at a part of the lower portion of the bottom plate 23. In the heat collection box 2, the side surfaces other than the bottom are formed of glass so that sunlight enters the heat collection box 2.

  A heat radiation plate 21 is disposed in the heat collection box 2. The heat radiation plate 21 extends in the vertical direction, and divides the heat collection box 2 into a first chamber 25 and a second chamber 26. The heat radiation plate 21 is a metal plate such as aluminum.

  An opening 32 (first connection port) is provided at the bottom of the heat collection box 2 in the first chamber 25. The opening 32 is connected to a room 5 in the house through a natural ventilation duct 6 provided in the house. The first chamber 25 is provided with an opening 28 (external connection port 28) so that the first chamber 25 communicates with the outside.

  The ventilation system of the present embodiment operates as follows in general by the configuration as described above. Sunlight enters the heat collection box 2 during the mid-term (spring and autumn) or in the morning in the summer. In the heat collection box 2, sunlight is applied to the heat radiation plate 21. The heat radiation plate 21 radiates energy from the irradiation of sunlight into the first chamber 25 and the second chamber 26 as heat. Thereby, the temperature of air rises in the first chamber 25 and the second chamber 26. The air whose temperature has risen expands. In the first chamber 25, the expanded air flows to the outside through the opening 28. Due to this air flow, air is introduced into the first chamber 25 from the opening 32. That is, the air in the room 5 is taken into the first chamber 25 through the natural ventilation duct 6. In this way, the air in the room 5 flows to the outside through the heat collection box 2 and the room 5 is ventilated. In order to ventilate the room 5, the power of a fan or the like is not required, and ventilation can be performed with energy saving.

  The second chamber 26 of the heat collection box 2 is a chamber used for a passive solar system or the like. The passive solar system is a system that converts sunlight into heat energy and uses it for hot water supply or the like. The passive solar system will be described below.

  The passive solar system in the present embodiment is configured by the solar cell 3, the heat exchanger 4, the air passage 8, and the heat storage material 7.

  The solar cell 3 is disposed on the roof 1 at a position different from the heat collection box 3. The solar cell 3 is arranged so that a gap 9 is formed between the solar cell 3 and the roof 1.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the roof 1 and the solar cell 3. Although the solar cell 3 is disposed on almost the entire surface of the roof 1, FIG. 2 shows a state in which a part of the solar cell 3 is removed for convenience of explanation. As shown in FIG. 2, the gap 9 is connected to the air chamber 34. The air chamber 34 communicates with the outside through the gap 9. Further, a guide 33 is provided in the gap 9 so that the air flowing through the gap 9 is directed from the outside to the air chamber 34.

  Refer to FIG. 1 again. The heat exchanger 4 is interposed between the air chamber 34 and the heat collection box 2. The heat exchanger 4 is provided to use heat generated by sunlight on the roof 1 for hot water supply or the like.

  The second chamber 26 of the heat collection box 2 is provided with an opening 31 (second connection port) and an opening 28. The opening 31 is provided on the bottom surface of the second chamber 26. The second chamber 26 is connected to the heat exchanger 4 through the opening 31. That is, the second chamber 26 communicates with the gap 9 via the heat exchanger 4. In addition, the opening 28 of the second chamber 26 communicates the second chamber 26 with the outside in the same manner as the opening 28 of the first chamber 25. An exhaust fan is interposed between the second chamber 26 and the heat exchanger 4 to generate an airflow as an auxiliary.

  The ventilation path 8 is provided in the house. The air passage 8 is connected to the air chamber 34 through a valve at one end. The other end of the air passage 8 is connected to the floor below.

  The heat storage material 7 is spread under the floor of the house.

  The operation of the passive solar system configured as described above will be described.

  In summer, the valve between the air chamber 34 and the air passage 8 is closed. In the summer, as in the first chamber 25, the air is heated and expanded in the second chamber 26. Thereby, the air in the second chamber 26 flows to the outside through the opening 28. On the other hand, air is introduced into the second chamber 26 from the opening 31. That is, an air flow that flows from the outside to the second chamber 26 through the gap 9 and the heat exchanger 4 is generated. Of the sunlight incident on the solar cell 3, the infrared component is hardly used by the solar cell 3 and is easily converted into heat. Therefore, the air introduced into the gap 9 receives heat at the lower part of the solar cell 3. The air in the gap 9 flows into the heat exchanger 4 and exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 4. Thereby, it is prevented that the temperature of the solar cell 3 rises excessively. The heat received by the heat exchanger 4 is used as energy for hot water supply or the like. When the generation of the air flow is insufficient, the exhaust fan provided between the second chamber 26 and the heat exchanger 4 is driven to compensate for the shortage of the air flow.

  Thus, in summer, the heat collection box 2 is used as a driving source for airflow in the passive solar system. Thereby, the airflow which flows outside through the heat collecting box 2 from the clearance gap 9 can be produced | generated, without using the energy which drives a fan etc. As a result, the heat exchanger 4 can use heat generated by sunlight with energy saving.

  As the solar cell 3, it is preferable to use a tandem solar cell having a structure in which materials having different absorption wavelength regions are laminated. The tandem solar cell is excellent in power generation efficiency at high temperatures, and can continue to generate power with high efficiency even if the temperature of the solar cell 3 rises somewhat.

  In the above passive solar system, a valve between the air chamber 34 and the air passage 8 is opened in winter. And the airflow which goes inside the ventilation path 8 from the air chamber 34 to a floor lower side is produced | generated by the fan. Thereby, the air in the second chamber 26 of the heat collection box 2 is sent to the floor under the air chamber 34 and the air passage 8. As described above, the air is warmed by sunlight in the heat collection box 2. Therefore, warmed air is sent under the floor. Under the floor, the heat storage material 7 is stored with warmed air. The heat stored in the heat storage material 7 is radiated to the room 5. Thereby, the room 5 is warmed. Thus, in this embodiment, the heating function can be realized using the heat collection box 2.

  Next, the configuration of the heat collection box 2 will be described in detail.

  FIG. 3 is a side view showing the appearance of the heat collection box 2. FIG. 4 is a top view showing the appearance of the heat collection box 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the heat collection box 2 includes a bottom portion, a trunk portion 35, and a ceiling portion 22. A windproof plate 29 extending in the horizontal direction is attached to the body portion 35.

  As described above, the bottom is formed by the bottom plate 23 (see FIG. 1). A heat insulating material 24 is further provided at a part of the lower portion of the bottom plate 23. As the constituent material of the bottom plate 23, an aluminum plate is preferably used, like the heat radiation plate 21. Similar to the heat radiation plate 21, the bottom plate 23 gives heat to the air in the heat collection box 2 by sunlight incident on the heat collection box 2.

  The trunk | drum 35 is a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is arrange | positioned so that it may stand up from a bottom part. The ceiling portion 22 is disposed on the trunk portion 35 and has a quadrangular pyramid shape. The trunk | drum 35 and the ceiling part 22 are formed with the mesh glass. The mesh glass is fixed by a frame 27. A mesh glass is not provided on the connection surface between the ceiling portion 22 and the trunk portion 35 (the bottom surface of the ceiling portion 22 and the upper surface of the trunk portion 35). That is, the internal space of the ceiling portion 22 and the internal space of the trunk portion 35 are continuous. Further, the edge portion of the ceiling portion 22 is formed wider than the edge portion of the upper surface of the trunk portion 35.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along AA 'of FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a connection portion between the trunk portion 35 and the ceiling portion 22.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the external connection port 28 is provided between the edge portion of the ceiling portion 22 and the edge portion of the upper surface of the trunk portion 35. The external connection port 28 is provided downward. The inside of the heat collection box 2 communicates with the outside through the external connection port 28. The air inside the heat collection box 2 flows to the outside through the external connection port 28 when the temperature rises and expands.

  The net-like body 10 is fitted in the external connection port 28 for the purpose of preventing entry of birds and rainwater (see FIG. 5).

  A heat radiation plate 21 is provided in the heat collection box 2. The heat radiation plate 21 extends from the bottom 23 to the upper end of the ceiling 22. As described above, the heat collection box 2 is partitioned into the first chamber 25 and the second chamber 26 by the heat radiation plate 21. The heat radiation plate 21 is bent so as to receive sunlight on at least two surfaces (see FIG. 6). The sun changes its position over time during the day. Therefore, the incident direction of sunlight incident on the heat collection box 2 changes with the passage of time. Since the heat radiation plate 21 is bent, the heat radiation plate 21 can receive sunlight regardless of the incident direction of sunlight. Thereby, the air in the heat collecting box 2 can be warmed irrespective of the incident direction of the sun.

  As the heat radiation plate 21, an aluminum plate is preferably used from the viewpoint of efficiently radiating sunlight as heat. Moreover, it is preferable to use a black board.

In FIG. 6, in addition to the connection portion between the ceiling portion 22 and the trunk portion 35, an opening 31 and an opening 32 provided at the bottom are also drawn. As shown in FIG. 6, the opening 32 is provided at the bottom of the first chamber 25. The openings 32 of the first chamber 25 are provided at two locations. That is, the natural ventilation duct (see FIG. 1) is branched into two, and each is connected to the opening 32.
The opening 31 is provided at the bottom of the second chamber 26.

  The windbreak plate 29 is provided to prevent wind from entering the heat collecting box 2 from the outside. Since the heat collection box 2 is provided on the roof, the wind along the roof may blow up to the heat collection box 2 from below. Since the external connection port 28 is provided downward, it is conceivable that the wind flows backward to the heat collecting box 2. In the present embodiment, the windbreak plate 29 prevents air from flowing back into the heat collection box 2.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the room 5 is ventilated by the heat collection box 2. At this time, the airflow is generated naturally and there is no need to use a fan or the like. Therefore, the energy required for ventilation can be reduced.

  Moreover, according to this embodiment, the heat collection box 2 can be utilized as a drive source of the airflow in a passive solar system. In a passive solar system, wind can flow naturally, so heat generated by sunlight can be exchanged with the heat exchanger 4 with energy saving.

  Moreover, according to this embodiment, the heating function in winter can be implement | achieved by sending the air warmed in the heat collection box 2 under a floor.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the ceiling portion 22 has a quadrangular pyramid shape as the heat collection box 2 has been described. However, the outer shape of the heat collection box 2 is not limited to the above-described example as long as it has a configuration in which sunlight is incident on the inside. For example, the ceiling part 22 may be formed in a hemispherical shape.

It is a schematic diagram which shows a ventilation system. It is a perspective view which shows arrangement | positioning of a solar cell. It is a side view which shows a heat collecting box. It is a top view which shows a heat collection box. It is sectional drawing of a heat collecting box. It is a top view which shows the connection part of a ceiling part and a trunk | drum.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roof 2 Solar ventilation box 3 Solar cell 4 Heat exchanger 5 Room 6 Ventilation duct 7 Heat storage material 8 Ventilation path 9 Clearance 10 Net body 11 Fan 21 Partition plate 22 Ceiling part 23 Bottom plate 24 Heat insulation material 25 1st chamber 26 1st 2 rooms 27 Frame 28 External connection port 29 Windbreak plate 31 Connection port (for passive solar)
32 connection port (for ventilation)
33 Guide 34 Air chamber 35 Side

Claims (7)

A heat collection box placed on the roof of the house,
A heat radiation plate disposed in the heat collection box;
Comprising
In the heat collection box,
A light incident surface for allowing sunlight to enter the heat collection box;
An external connection port for communicating the internal space of the heat collection box with the outside;
A first connection port is provided for communicating the internal space with a room in the house;
The heat radiation plate is arranged so as to expand by applying heat to the air in the heat collection box by sunlight incident on the heat collection box,
When the air in the heat collection box expands, an air flow that flows from the room in the house to the outside through the heat collection box is generated,
The light incident surface is formed of glass,
The thermal radiation plate is a metal plate;
The heat radiation plate is arranged to extend in the vertical direction in the heat collection box,
The heat radiation plate is bent so as to receive sunlight on at least two sides,
The external connection port is provided downward ,
The heat collection box is
A rectangular parallelepiped torso with an open upper surface;
A quadrangular pyramid-shaped ceiling disposed on the trunk,
The edge part of the lower surface of the ceiling part is wider than the edge part of the upper surface of the trunk part,
The external connection port is formed between an edge portion of the lower surface of the ceiling portion and an edge portion of the upper surface of the trunk portion,
The ventilator is provided with the light incident surface on the ceiling and the trunk . A ventilator according to claim 1 ,
On the roof, solar cells are arranged at positions different from the heat collection box,
The solar cell is disposed so that a gap is formed between the solar cell and the roof,
The gap is formed to communicate with the outside of the house at one end and to be connected to a heat exchanger for hot water supply at the other end,
The ventilation apparatus provided with the 2nd connection port which connects the said clearance gap and the inside of the said heat collection box via the said heat exchanger in the said heat collection box. A ventilation device according to claim 2 ,
The internal space of the heat collection box is partitioned into a first chamber and a second chamber by the heat radiation plate,
The first connection port is provided in the first chamber,
The second connection port is a ventilation device provided in the second chamber. The ventilation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
A ventilator in which a net is attached to the external connection port. A ventilator according to any of claims 1 to 4 ,
Furthermore,
A ventilator comprising a windbreak plate attached to the outside of the heat collection box and preventing wind along the roof from being introduced into the heat collection box from the external connection port. A ventilation device according to any of claims 1 to 5 ,
The house,
A ventilation system comprising: A ventilation system according to claim 6 ,
The house is provided with an air passage that allows the inside of the heat collection box to communicate with the under floor of the room, and a fan that is interposed in the air passage and generates an air flow from the heat collection box toward the under floor. Ventilation system.

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